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    – 2 years ago **files (4)** – ## APATemplate.docx – ## W1Instructions.pdf – ## GradingRubric.pdf – ## ARTICLESUMMARYEXAMPLE.pdf **## APATemplate.docx** **School of , Liberty University** ****Author Note**** **I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.** **Correspondence concerning this articl…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – 2 years ago

    **files (4)**

    – ## APATemplate.docx

    – ## W1Instructions.pdf

    – ## GradingRubric.pdf

    – ## ARTICLESUMMARYEXAMPLE.pdf

    **## APATemplate.docx**

    **School of , Liberty University**

    ****Author Note****

    **I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.**

    **Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to . Email:**

    **## Abstract**

    **_Keywords_:**

    **2**

    **2**

    **## References**

    **## W1Instructions.pdf**

    PSYC 725

    ARTICLE SUMMARY ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
    OVERVIEW

    Reading and understanding original research is an important skill for developmental
    psychologists. Understanding research methodology and the sections of a journal article is
    critical for doctoral-level psychologists. This assignment will help you learn to objectively
    evaluate research and to seek and understand scholarly sources of information and to use them as
    a source of knowledge. This assignment can also help you begin your Research Paper: Topic
    and References Assignment, as the summary you write may later be used in your Research
    Paper: Final Submission Assignment.
    INSTRUCTIONS

    You will write two brief summaries of peer-reviewed, research-based journal articles of your
    choice that pertain to developmental psychology.

    Each summary must be 1 to 3 pages in length. A title page and abstract are not necessary. A
    reference page should be included that lists the APA-formatted reference of the article or chapter
    you summarized. No additional references are needed other than the reference for the article you
    are summarizing.

    The summary should focus on: Link to Topics: https://www.apa.org/topics

    • what was hypothesized.
    • what was done.
    • what was found.
    • what was concluded.

    You can find a list of journals affiliated with the American Psychological Association (APA) on
    the Article Summary Assignment pages under Article Summary Resources. These are not the
    only acceptable journals – many others are available and may be used for the assignment – but
    this list is provided to give you examples of scholarly journals. If you click “By Subject” and
    then click “Developmental Psychology,” you will see journals specific to developmental
    psychology. Child Development is another well-respected developmental psychology journal that
    is not affiliated with the APA. Some of the databases have the option to select “peer-reviewed”
    sources; selecting this option will help you eliminate non-scholarly sources from your search
    results. The Jerry Falwell Library is a reliable place to conduct your searches.
    You do not need to pay for articles. Articles that ask you to pay for access can generally be
    accessed through the Jerry Falwell Library without requiring payment.
    You may incorporate the summary into your Research Paper: Final Submission Assignment
    later in the course, if you choose.

    Be sure to review the criteria on the Article Summary Grading Rubric before beginning this
    assignment.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    **## GradingRubric.pdf**

    Criteria Ratings Points

    Content,
    Focus, and
    Organization

    53 to >48 pts

    Advanced

    The assignment meets or
    exceeds all of the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    48 to >43 pts

    Proficient

    The assignment meets
    most or some of the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    43 to >0 pts

    Developing

    The assignment
    inadequately meets the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    0 pts

    Not
    Present

    53 pts

    Grammar
    and
    Spelling,
    Current APA
    Format
    Compliance,
    Length

    22 to >20 pts

    Advanced

    The assignment meets or
    exceeds all of the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    20 to >18 pts

    Proficient

    The assignment meets
    most or some of the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    18 to >0 pts

    Developing

    The assignment
    inadequately meets the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    0 pts

    Not
    Present

    22 pts

    Total Points: 75

    Article Summary Grading Rubric | PSYC725_B01_202520

    **## ARTICLESUMMARYEXAMPLE.pdf**

    Article Summary: Developmental Psychology Articles

    Within the first selected article, Stress Processors Linking to Parent-Child Disconnection

    to Disease Risk in Young Adulthood-Amplification by Genotype, authors Bae and Wickrama

    presents a strong argument regarding the connection between a weak family unit identified at

    early childhood and the susceptibility of poor health in young adulthood. Bae and Wickrama

    hypothesize that, if a child does not have a supportive family unit early on in life, then that child

    is mostly prone to develop physiological diseases, some in which can ultimately be life-

    threatening.

    Per the authors, numerous studies have been conducted that supports this articles

    hypothesis. Parents that present stressful living environments and show very little to no affection

    tend to have children that become isolated and withdrawn. Such an environment can have a

    negative impact on how a child may interaction in school, among peers, and even in their overall

    cognitive behavior. “Adverse parent–child relationships in early years and stressful life

    experiences in later years can be considered as two psychologically distinct constructs, both of

    which contribute to young adults’ health outcomes through different etiological processes

    (McCutcheon et al. 2010)”, (Bae & Wickrama, pg.2, 2017).

    The hypothesis presented by the authors of the selected article is that, if a child is

    provided with a strong family dynamic early on in life that address stressor in a constructive

    manner, then that child will have the ability to better handle confrontation, future life stressors,

    obtain healthy relationships, and will have a lesser chance of suffering from various diseases that

    can be brought on by stressors that are poorly handled.

    Researchers Bae and Wickrama sought to prove their hypothesis by measuring the

    disconnection between parent and child utilizing a relationship measurement report. Within the

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    first portion of the research the researchers focused on the non-bonding families. There was a

    total of five questions that were presented to the mothers of each child, these five questions were

    used to gauge the relationship between the mother and the child; scales were used for measuring.

    In turn the adolescents were asked a total of six questions, also measured utilizing scales. The

    overall study consisted of 20,745 adolescent participants from 134 middle and high schools.

    From each of the adolescents the mother was selected as the respondent.

    The data collected front the study showed that individuals that felt less connected to their

    parent(s) showed to have a greater risk of experiencing health problems in their future. “As

    expected, parent–child disconnection, stressful life events, and cardio-metabolic disease risk

    were significantly intercorrelated in the expected directions; parent–child dis- connection was

    significantly correlated with stressful life events in young adulthood, which, in turn, was

    significantly correlated with young adults’ cardio- metabolic disease risk” (Bae & Wickrama, pg.

    6, 2017).

    The conclusion reached by Bae and Wickrama indicated that their hypothesis was indeed

    supported. Bae and Wickrama conveyed that the data collected throughout the study enabled

    them to develop methods and tools that can assist with the prevention and intervention of

    potential health risks in young adults when taught to deal with stressors within a more connected

    family unit. Researchers Bae and Wickrama are under no illusion that children will not avoid

    health risks when entering into their young adulthood, this duo of researchers are just presenting

    an argument that will help others to see that there are ways to minimize such health risks.

    While the second selected article strongly aligns with Bae and Wickrama’s hypothesis

    and the presented data, the researchers within the selected article is less specific when discussing

    the effects of early-on stressors on future health issues. The researchers within the article titled,

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    The Effects of Childhood and Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health

    in Early Adulthood, echos Bae and Wickrama’s concern for the health of current and future well-

    being of the youth living within bond-less/disconnected family units. However, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) argue that it is not just the stressors within the home, but the stressors that with the child’s

    overall environment. “Childhood and adolescent adversity includes difficult, stressful, or

    traumatic life experiences (e.g., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse) of varying frequency,

    severity, and duration. Such experiences appear to be associated with later poorer physical

    health, including chronic medical conditions and several leading causes of death” (Wolisky-

    Taylor et al., pg. 16, 2017).

    Wolitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) presents a hypothesis that somewhat mirrors that of Bae and

    Wickarama hypothesis. Wolitsky and team of researchers are seeking to connect early-on

    stressful events (continuous adversities, traumas, disconnect family units, violence, poverty, etc.)

    as one of the contributing factors to the poor health later discovered within a particular group of

    young adults. The researchers within this article are aware that there has been a very large

    number of studies that have shown a connection, however, the prior studies presented limitations

    that did not offer data that could be considered construed as skewed results.

    With that stated, Walitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) decided to conduct their study in a manner

    that aimed to remove any possible limitations. “To inform developmentally-minded

    interventions and address the above limitations, we followed a sample of adolescents into young

    adulthood to better understand the relationship between childhood and adolescent adversities and

    physical health outcomes, and in particular to determine whether substance use disorders might

    account for an association between adversities and poor health” (Walitsky-Taylor et al., pg. 17,

    2017). While Walitsky et al. (2017) know of the large contribution to poor health by disconnect

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    families and negative sociocultural environments, this team of researchers sought out to

    eliminate other possible factor that led to future poor health or to show that one factor may out

    way the other.

    The participants in this study agreed to enter into a 10-year longitudinal study. Ages 15

    to 18 years were selected, and the researchers focused on identifying those individuals within

    that age group from two large cities (Chicago and Los Angeles). In addition, the researchers

    focused on two demographics from the suburbs of the selected cities. Each participant was to

    complete an adversity interview early-on, and psychopathology was examined in both early

    childhood and late adolescence. DSM-IV scales “Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic

    and Statistical Manual—IV” was utilized throughout the duration of the clinical trial. The semi-

    structured Childhood Trauma Interview was administered to the participants from early

    childhood to mid-adolescence as well. This team of researchers were seeking to ensure that no

    stone was left uncovered.

    With the gathering of their data, Walitsky and team discovered that it was hard to truly

    isolate one variable from another. Meaning, the researchers concluded that more testing was

    needed to connect stressors/adverse to later health issues in young adults without considering

    substance abuse. Substance abuse could be the leading cause of the poor health in young adults

    more so than stressors, however, the stressors may be encouraging substance abuse that later

    welcomes poor health. Due to not all early-on stressor ending in substance abuse, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) seeks to see just when the road splits.

    Overall, the researchers in the second article continue to work to bring life to their

    hypothesis. Extended studies continue and more limitations are also being identified in the

    process. The ultimate goal that this team of researchers aim to achieve is to provide various

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    groups with tools that reconnect families, the adoption of coping strategies, and tools to avoid the

    increase of substance abuse and future poor health. When looking at both of the studies, a reader

    can see various similarities, whether it be targeted demographic, research methods, and most

    importantly a common goal that could bring hope to many communities.

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    References

    Bae, D., & Wickrama, K. A. (2017). Stress Processes Linking Parent–Child Disconnection to

    Disease Risk in Young Adulthood: Amplification by Genotype. Journal of Youth and

    Adolescence, 46(5), 1137–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0666-8

    Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Sewart, A., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Zinbarg, R., Mineka, S., Hammen, C.,

    Bobova, L., Adam, E. K., & Craske, M. G. (2016). The Effects of Childhood and

    Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health in Early

    Adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(1), 15–27.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0566-3

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/
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    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    [http://www.tcpdf.org](http://www.tcpdf.org/)

    **## ARTICLESUMMARYEXAMPLE.pdf**

    Article Summary: Developmental Psychology Articles

    Within the first selected article, Stress Processors Linking to Parent-Child Disconnection

    to Disease Risk in Young Adulthood-Amplification by Genotype, authors Bae and Wickrama

    presents a strong argument regarding the connection between a weak family unit identified at

    early childhood and the susceptibility of poor health in young adulthood. Bae and Wickrama

    hypothesize that, if a child does not have a supportive family unit early on in life, then that child

    is mostly prone to develop physiological diseases, some in which can ultimately be life-

    threatening.

    Per the authors, numerous studies have been conducted that supports this articles

    hypothesis. Parents that present stressful living environments and show very little to no affection

    tend to have children that become isolated and withdrawn. Such an environment can have a

    negative impact on how a child may interaction in school, among peers, and even in their overall

    cognitive behavior. “Adverse parent–child relationships in early years and stressful life

    experiences in later years can be considered as two psychologically distinct constructs, both of

    which contribute to young adults’ health outcomes through different etiological processes

    (McCutcheon et al. 2010)”, (Bae & Wickrama, pg.2, 2017).

    The hypothesis presented by the authors of the selected article is that, if a child is

    provided with a strong family dynamic early on in life that address stressor in a constructive

    manner, then that child will have the ability to better handle confrontation, future life stressors,

    obtain healthy relationships, and will have a lesser chance of suffering from various diseases that

    can be brought on by stressors that are poorly handled.

    Researchers Bae and Wickrama sought to prove their hypothesis by measuring the

    disconnection between parent and child utilizing a relationship measurement report. Within the

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    first portion of the research the researchers focused on the non-bonding families. There was a

    total of five questions that were presented to the mothers of each child, these five questions were

    used to gauge the relationship between the mother and the child; scales were used for measuring.

    In turn the adolescents were asked a total of six questions, also measured utilizing scales. The

    overall study consisted of 20,745 adolescent participants from 134 middle and high schools.

    From each of the adolescents the mother was selected as the respondent.

    The data collected front the study showed that individuals that felt less connected to their

    parent(s) showed to have a greater risk of experiencing health problems in their future. “As

    expected, parent–child disconnection, stressful life events, and cardio-metabolic disease risk

    were significantly intercorrelated in the expected directions; parent–child dis- connection was

    significantly correlated with stressful life events in young adulthood, which, in turn, was

    significantly correlated with young adults’ cardio- metabolic disease risk” (Bae & Wickrama, pg.

    6, 2017).

    The conclusion reached by Bae and Wickrama indicated that their hypothesis was indeed

    supported. Bae and Wickrama conveyed that the data collected throughout the study enabled

    them to develop methods and tools that can assist with the prevention and intervention of

    potential health risks in young adults when taught to deal with stressors within a more connected

    family unit. Researchers Bae and Wickrama are under no illusion that children will not avoid

    health risks when entering into their young adulthood, this duo of researchers are just presenting

    an argument that will help others to see that there are ways to minimize such health risks.

    While the second selected article strongly aligns with Bae and Wickrama’s hypothesis

    and the presented data, the researchers within the selected article is less specific when discussing

    the effects of early-on stressors on future health issues. The researchers within the article titled,

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    The Effects of Childhood and Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health

    in Early Adulthood, echos Bae and Wickrama’s concern for the health of current and future well-

    being of the youth living within bond-less/disconnected family units. However, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) argue that it is not just the stressors within the home, but the stressors that with the child’s

    overall environment. “Childhood and adolescent adversity includes difficult, stressful, or

    traumatic life experiences (e.g., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse) of varying frequency,

    severity, and duration. Such experiences appear to be associated with later poorer physical

    health, including chronic medical conditions and several leading causes of death” (Wolisky-

    Taylor et al., pg. 16, 2017).

    Wolitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) presents a hypothesis that somewhat mirrors that of Bae and

    Wickarama hypothesis. Wolitsky and team of researchers are seeking to connect early-on

    stressful events (continuous adversities, traumas, disconnect family units, violence, poverty, etc.)

    as one of the contributing factors to the poor health later discovered within a particular group of

    young adults. The researchers within this article are aware that there has been a very large

    number of studies that have shown a connection, however, the prior studies presented limitations

    that did not offer data that could be considered construed as skewed results.

    With that stated, Walitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) decided to conduct their study in a manner

    that aimed to remove any possible limitations. “To inform developmentally-minded

    interventions and address the above limitations, we followed a sample of adolescents into young

    adulthood to better understand the relationship between childhood and adolescent adversities and

    physical health outcomes, and in particular to determine whether substance use disorders might

    account for an association between adversities and poor health” (Walitsky-Taylor et al., pg. 17,

    2017). While Walitsky et al. (2017) know of the large contribution to poor health by disconnect

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    families and negative sociocultural environments, this team of researchers sought out to

    eliminate other possible factor that led to future poor health or to show that one factor may out

    way the other.

    The participants in this study agreed to enter into a 10-year longitudinal study. Ages 15

    to 18 years were selected, and the researchers focused on identifying those individuals within

    that age group from two large cities (Chicago and Los Angeles). In addition, the researchers

    focused on two demographics from the suburbs of the selected cities. Each participant was to

    complete an adversity interview early-on, and psychopathology was examined in both early

    childhood and late adolescence. DSM-IV scales “Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic

    and Statistical Manual—IV” was utilized throughout the duration of the clinical trial. The semi-

    structured Childhood Trauma Interview was administered to the participants from early

    childhood to mid-adolescence as well. This team of researchers were seeking to ensure that no

    stone was left uncovered.

    With the gathering of their data, Walitsky and team discovered that it was hard to truly

    isolate one variable from another. Meaning, the researchers concluded that more testing was

    needed to connect stressors/adverse to later health issues in young adults without considering

    substance abuse. Substance abuse could be the leading cause of the poor health in young adults

    more so than stressors, however, the stressors may be encouraging substance abuse that later

    welcomes poor health. Due to not all early-on stressor ending in substance abuse, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) seeks to see just when the road splits.

    Overall, the researchers in the second article continue to work to bring life to their

    hypothesis. Extended studies continue and more limitations are also being identified in the

    process. The ultimate goal that this team of researchers aim to achieve is to provide various

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    groups with tools that reconnect families, the adoption of coping strategies, and tools to avoid the

    increase of substance abuse and future poor health. When looking at both of the studies, a reader

    can see various similarities, whether it be targeted demographic, research methods, and most

    importantly a common goal that could bring hope to many communities.

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    References

    Bae, D., & Wickrama, K. A. (2017). Stress Processes Linking Parent–Child Disconnection to

    Disease Risk in Young Adulthood: Amplification by Genotype. Journal of Youth and

    Adolescence, 46(5), 1137–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0666-8

    Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Sewart, A., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Zinbarg, R., Mineka, S., Hammen, C.,

    Bobova, L., Adam, E. K., & Craske, M. G. (2016). The Effects of Childhood and

    Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health in Early

    Adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(1), 15–27.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0566-3

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/
    Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    [http://www.tcpdf.org](http://www.tcpdf.org/)

    **## APATemplate.docx**

    **School of , Liberty University**

    ****Author Note****

    **I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.**

    **Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to . Email:**

    **## Abstract**

    **_Keywords_:**

    **2**

    **2**

    **## References**

    **## W1Instructions.pdf**

    PSYC 725

    ARTICLE SUMMARY ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
    OVERVIEW

    Reading and understanding original research is an important skill for developmental
    psychologists. Understanding research methodology and the sections of a journal article is
    critical for doctoral-level psychologists. This assignment will help you learn to objectively
    evaluate research and to seek and understand scholarly sources of information and to use them as
    a source of knowledge. This assignment can also help you begin your Research Paper: Topic
    and References Assignment, as the summary you write may later be used in your Research
    Paper: Final Submission Assignment.
    INSTRUCTIONS

    You will write two brief summaries of peer-reviewed, research-based journal articles of your
    choice that pertain to developmental psychology.

    Each summary must be 1 to 3 pages in length. A title page and abstract are not necessary. A
    reference page should be included that lists the APA-formatted reference of the article or chapter
    you summarized. No additional references are needed other than the reference for the article you
    are summarizing.

    The summary should focus on: Link to Topics: https://www.apa.org/topics

    • what was hypothesized.
    • what was done.
    • what was found.
    • what was concluded.

    You can find a list of journals affiliated with the American Psychological Association (APA) on
    the Article Summary Assignment pages under Article Summary Resources. These are not the
    only acceptable journals – many others are available and may be used for the assignment – but
    this list is provided to give you examples of scholarly journals. If you click “By Subject” and
    then click “Developmental Psychology,” you will see journals specific to developmental
    psychology. Child Development is another well-respected developmental psychology journal that
    is not affiliated with the APA. Some of the databases have the option to select “peer-reviewed”
    sources; selecting this option will help you eliminate non-scholarly sources from your search
    results. The Jerry Falwell Library is a reliable place to conduct your searches.
    You do not need to pay for articles. Articles that ask you to pay for access can generally be
    accessed through the Jerry Falwell Library without requiring payment.
    You may incorporate the summary into your Research Paper: Final Submission Assignment
    later in the course, if you choose.

    Be sure to review the criteria on the Article Summary Grading Rubric before beginning this
    assignment.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    **## GradingRubric.pdf**

    Criteria Ratings Points

    Content,
    Focus, and
    Organization

    53 to >48 pts

    Advanced

    The assignment meets or
    exceeds all of the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    48 to >43 pts

    Proficient

    The assignment meets
    most or some of the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    43 to >0 pts

    Developing

    The assignment
    inadequately meets the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    0 pts

    Not
    Present

    53 pts

    Grammar
    and
    Spelling,
    Current APA
    Format
    Compliance,
    Length

    22 to >20 pts

    Advanced

    The assignment meets or
    exceeds all of the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    20 to >18 pts

    Proficient

    The assignment meets
    most or some of the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    18 to >0 pts

    Developing

    The assignment
    inadequately meets the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    0 pts

    Not
    Present

    22 pts

    Total Points: 75

    Article Summary Grading Rubric | PSYC725_B01_202520

    **## ARTICLESUMMARYEXAMPLE.pdf**

    Article Summary: Developmental Psychology Articles

    Within the first selected article, Stress Processors Linking to Parent-Child Disconnection

    to Disease Risk in Young Adulthood-Amplification by Genotype, authors Bae and Wickrama

    presents a strong argument regarding the connection between a weak family unit identified at

    early childhood and the susceptibility of poor health in young adulthood. Bae and Wickrama

    hypothesize that, if a child does not have a supportive family unit early on in life, then that child

    is mostly prone to develop physiological diseases, some in which can ultimately be life-

    threatening.

    Per the authors, numerous studies have been conducted that supports this articles

    hypothesis. Parents that present stressful living environments and show very little to no affection

    tend to have children that become isolated and withdrawn. Such an environment can have a

    negative impact on how a child may interaction in school, among peers, and even in their overall

    cognitive behavior. “Adverse parent–child relationships in early years and stressful life

    experiences in later years can be considered as two psychologically distinct constructs, both of

    which contribute to young adults’ health outcomes through different etiological processes

    (McCutcheon et al. 2010)”, (Bae & Wickrama, pg.2, 2017).

    The hypothesis presented by the authors of the selected article is that, if a child is

    provided with a strong family dynamic early on in life that address stressor in a constructive

    manner, then that child will have the ability to better handle confrontation, future life stressors,

    obtain healthy relationships, and will have a lesser chance of suffering from various diseases that

    can be brought on by stressors that are poorly handled.

    Researchers Bae and Wickrama sought to prove their hypothesis by measuring the

    disconnection between parent and child utilizing a relationship measurement report. Within the

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    first portion of the research the researchers focused on the non-bonding families. There was a

    total of five questions that were presented to the mothers of each child, these five questions were

    used to gauge the relationship between the mother and the child; scales were used for measuring.

    In turn the adolescents were asked a total of six questions, also measured utilizing scales. The

    overall study consisted of 20,745 adolescent participants from 134 middle and high schools.

    From each of the adolescents the mother was selected as the respondent.

    The data collected front the study showed that individuals that felt less connected to their

    parent(s) showed to have a greater risk of experiencing health problems in their future. “As

    expected, parent–child disconnection, stressful life events, and cardio-metabolic disease risk

    were significantly intercorrelated in the expected directions; parent–child dis- connection was

    significantly correlated with stressful life events in young adulthood, which, in turn, was

    significantly correlated with young adults’ cardio- metabolic disease risk” (Bae & Wickrama, pg.

    6, 2017).

    The conclusion reached by Bae and Wickrama indicated that their hypothesis was indeed

    supported. Bae and Wickrama conveyed that the data collected throughout the study enabled

    them to develop methods and tools that can assist with the prevention and intervention of

    potential health risks in young adults when taught to deal with stressors within a more connected

    family unit. Researchers Bae and Wickrama are under no illusion that children will not avoid

    health risks when entering into their young adulthood, this duo of researchers are just presenting

    an argument that will help others to see that there are ways to minimize such health risks.

    While the second selected article strongly aligns with Bae and Wickrama’s hypothesis

    and the presented data, the researchers within the selected article is less specific when discussing

    the effects of early-on stressors on future health issues. The researchers within the article titled,

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    The Effects of Childhood and Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health

    in Early Adulthood, echos Bae and Wickrama’s concern for the health of current and future well-

    being of the youth living within bond-less/disconnected family units. However, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) argue that it is not just the stressors within the home, but the stressors that with the child’s

    overall environment. “Childhood and adolescent adversity includes difficult, stressful, or

    traumatic life experiences (e.g., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse) of varying frequency,

    severity, and duration. Such experiences appear to be associated with later poorer physical

    health, including chronic medical conditions and several leading causes of death” (Wolisky-

    Taylor et al., pg. 16, 2017).

    Wolitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) presents a hypothesis that somewhat mirrors that of Bae and

    Wickarama hypothesis. Wolitsky and team of researchers are seeking to connect early-on

    stressful events (continuous adversities, traumas, disconnect family units, violence, poverty, etc.)

    as one of the contributing factors to the poor health later discovered within a particular group of

    young adults. The researchers within this article are aware that there has been a very large

    number of studies that have shown a connection, however, the prior studies presented limitations

    that did not offer data that could be considered construed as skewed results.

    With that stated, Walitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) decided to conduct their study in a manner

    that aimed to remove any possible limitations. “To inform developmentally-minded

    interventions and address the above limitations, we followed a sample of adolescents into young

    adulthood to better understand the relationship between childhood and adolescent adversities and

    physical health outcomes, and in particular to determine whether substance use disorders might

    account for an association between adversities and poor health” (Walitsky-Taylor et al., pg. 17,

    2017). While Walitsky et al. (2017) know of the large contribution to poor health by disconnect

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    families and negative sociocultural environments, this team of researchers sought out to

    eliminate other possible factor that led to future poor health or to show that one factor may out

    way the other.

    The participants in this study agreed to enter into a 10-year longitudinal study. Ages 15

    to 18 years were selected, and the researchers focused on identifying those individuals within

    that age group from two large cities (Chicago and Los Angeles). In addition, the researchers

    focused on two demographics from the suburbs of the selected cities. Each participant was to

    complete an adversity interview early-on, and psychopathology was examined in both early

    childhood and late adolescence. DSM-IV scales “Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic

    and Statistical Manual—IV” was utilized throughout the duration of the clinical trial. The semi-

    structured Childhood Trauma Interview was administered to the participants from early

    childhood to mid-adolescence as well. This team of researchers were seeking to ensure that no

    stone was left uncovered.

    With the gathering of their data, Walitsky and team discovered that it was hard to truly

    isolate one variable from another. Meaning, the researchers concluded that more testing was

    needed to connect stressors/adverse to later health issues in young adults without considering

    substance abuse. Substance abuse could be the leading cause of the poor health in young adults

    more so than stressors, however, the stressors may be encouraging substance abuse that later

    welcomes poor health. Due to not all early-on stressor ending in substance abuse, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) seeks to see just when the road splits.

    Overall, the researchers in the second article continue to work to bring life to their

    hypothesis. Extended studies continue and more limitations are also being identified in the

    process. The ultimate goal that this team of researchers aim to achieve is to provide various

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    groups with tools that reconnect families, the adoption of coping strategies, and tools to avoid the

    increase of substance abuse and future poor health. When looking at both of the studies, a reader

    can see various similarities, whether it be targeted demographic, research methods, and most

    importantly a common goal that could bring hope to many communities.

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    References

    Bae, D., & Wickrama, K. A. (2017). Stress Processes Linking Parent–Child Disconnection to

    Disease Risk in Young Adulthood: Amplification by Genotype. Journal of Youth and

    Adolescence, 46(5), 1137–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0666-8

    Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Sewart, A., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Zinbarg, R., Mineka, S., Hammen, C.,

    Bobova, L., Adam, E. K., & Craske, M. G. (2016). The Effects of Childhood and

    Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health in Early

    Adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(1), 15–27.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0566-3

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/
    Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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    [http://www.tcpdf.org](http://www.tcpdf.org/)

    **## APATemplate.docx**

    **School of , Liberty University**

    ****Author Note****

    **I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.**

    **Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to . Email:**

    **## Abstract**

    **_Keywords_:**

    **2**

    **2**

    **## References**

    **## W1Instructions.pdf**

    PSYC 725

    ARTICLE SUMMARY ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
    OVERVIEW

    Reading and understanding original research is an important skill for developmental
    psychologists. Understanding research methodology and the sections of a journal article is
    critical for doctoral-level psychologists. This assignment will help you learn to objectively
    evaluate research and to seek and understand scholarly sources of information and to use them as
    a source of knowledge. This assignment can also help you begin your Research Paper: Topic
    and References Assignment, as the summary you write may later be used in your Research
    Paper: Final Submission Assignment.
    INSTRUCTIONS

    You will write two brief summaries of peer-reviewed, research-based journal articles of your
    choice that pertain to developmental psychology.

    Each summary must be 1 to 3 pages in length. A title page and abstract are not necessary. A
    reference page should be included that lists the APA-formatted reference of the article or chapter
    you summarized. No additional references are needed other than the reference for the article you
    are summarizing.

    The summary should focus on: Link to Topics: https://www.apa.org/topics

    • what was hypothesized.
    • what was done.
    • what was found.
    • what was concluded.

    You can find a list of journals affiliated with the American Psychological Association (APA) on
    the Article Summary Assignment pages under Article Summary Resources. These are not the
    only acceptable journals – many others are available and may be used for the assignment – but
    this list is provided to give you examples of scholarly journals. If you click “By Subject” and
    then click “Developmental Psychology,” you will see journals specific to developmental
    psychology. Child Development is another well-respected developmental psychology journal that
    is not affiliated with the APA. Some of the databases have the option to select “peer-reviewed”
    sources; selecting this option will help you eliminate non-scholarly sources from your search
    results. The Jerry Falwell Library is a reliable place to conduct your searches.
    You do not need to pay for articles. Articles that ask you to pay for access can generally be
    accessed through the Jerry Falwell Library without requiring payment.
    You may incorporate the summary into your Research Paper: Final Submission Assignment
    later in the course, if you choose.

    Be sure to review the criteria on the Article Summary Grading Rubric before beginning this
    assignment.

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    **## GradingRubric.pdf**

    Criteria Ratings Points

    Content,
    Focus, and
    Organization

    53 to >48 pts

    Advanced

    The assignment meets or
    exceeds all of the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    48 to >43 pts

    Proficient

    The assignment meets
    most or some of the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    43 to >0 pts

    Developing

    The assignment
    inadequately meets the
    following content
    requirements:
    A peer-reviewed journal
    article that describes a
    research study related to
    developmental psychology
    is summarized.
    The summary includes a
    brief synopsis of
    • hypothesis(es) (what
    was predicted),
    • methods (what was
    done),
    • results (what was
    found), and
    • discussion (what was
    concluded).

    0 pts

    Not
    Present

    53 pts

    Grammar
    and
    Spelling,
    Current APA
    Format
    Compliance,
    Length

    22 to >20 pts

    Advanced

    The assignment meets or
    exceeds all of the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    20 to >18 pts

    Proficient

    The assignment meets
    most or some of the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    18 to >0 pts

    Developing

    The assignment
    inadequately meets the
    following structure
    requirements:
    • The paper is written in
    current APA format and
    includes an APA-formatted
    reference for the article.
    • Proper spelling and
    grammar are used.
    • Paper is free of
    typographical errors.
    • Paper is 1 to 3 pages.

    0 pts

    Not
    Present

    22 pts

    Total Points: 75

    Article Summary Grading Rubric | PSYC725_B01_202520

    **## ARTICLESUMMARYEXAMPLE.pdf**

    Article Summary: Developmental Psychology Articles

    Within the first selected article, Stress Processors Linking to Parent-Child Disconnection

    to Disease Risk in Young Adulthood-Amplification by Genotype, authors Bae and Wickrama

    presents a strong argument regarding the connection between a weak family unit identified at

    early childhood and the susceptibility of poor health in young adulthood. Bae and Wickrama

    hypothesize that, if a child does not have a supportive family unit early on in life, then that child

    is mostly prone to develop physiological diseases, some in which can ultimately be life-

    threatening.

    Per the authors, numerous studies have been conducted that supports this articles

    hypothesis. Parents that present stressful living environments and show very little to no affection

    tend to have children that become isolated and withdrawn. Such an environment can have a

    negative impact on how a child may interaction in school, among peers, and even in their overall

    cognitive behavior. “Adverse parent–child relationships in early years and stressful life

    experiences in later years can be considered as two psychologically distinct constructs, both of

    which contribute to young adults’ health outcomes through different etiological processes

    (McCutcheon et al. 2010)”, (Bae & Wickrama, pg.2, 2017).

    The hypothesis presented by the authors of the selected article is that, if a child is

    provided with a strong family dynamic early on in life that address stressor in a constructive

    manner, then that child will have the ability to better handle confrontation, future life stressors,

    obtain healthy relationships, and will have a lesser chance of suffering from various diseases that

    can be brought on by stressors that are poorly handled.

    Researchers Bae and Wickrama sought to prove their hypothesis by measuring the

    disconnection between parent and child utilizing a relationship measurement report. Within the

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    first portion of the research the researchers focused on the non-bonding families. There was a

    total of five questions that were presented to the mothers of each child, these five questions were

    used to gauge the relationship between the mother and the child; scales were used for measuring.

    In turn the adolescents were asked a total of six questions, also measured utilizing scales. The

    overall study consisted of 20,745 adolescent participants from 134 middle and high schools.

    From each of the adolescents the mother was selected as the respondent.

    The data collected front the study showed that individuals that felt less connected to their

    parent(s) showed to have a greater risk of experiencing health problems in their future. “As

    expected, parent–child disconnection, stressful life events, and cardio-metabolic disease risk

    were significantly intercorrelated in the expected directions; parent–child dis- connection was

    significantly correlated with stressful life events in young adulthood, which, in turn, was

    significantly correlated with young adults’ cardio- metabolic disease risk” (Bae & Wickrama, pg.

    6, 2017).

    The conclusion reached by Bae and Wickrama indicated that their hypothesis was indeed

    supported. Bae and Wickrama conveyed that the data collected throughout the study enabled

    them to develop methods and tools that can assist with the prevention and intervention of

    potential health risks in young adults when taught to deal with stressors within a more connected

    family unit. Researchers Bae and Wickrama are under no illusion that children will not avoid

    health risks when entering into their young adulthood, this duo of researchers are just presenting

    an argument that will help others to see that there are ways to minimize such health risks.

    While the second selected article strongly aligns with Bae and Wickrama’s hypothesis

    and the presented data, the researchers within the selected article is less specific when discussing

    the effects of early-on stressors on future health issues. The researchers within the article titled,

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    The Effects of Childhood and Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health

    in Early Adulthood, echos Bae and Wickrama’s concern for the health of current and future well-

    being of the youth living within bond-less/disconnected family units. However, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) argue that it is not just the stressors within the home, but the stressors that with the child’s

    overall environment. “Childhood and adolescent adversity includes difficult, stressful, or

    traumatic life experiences (e.g., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse) of varying frequency,

    severity, and duration. Such experiences appear to be associated with later poorer physical

    health, including chronic medical conditions and several leading causes of death” (Wolisky-

    Taylor et al., pg. 16, 2017).

    Wolitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) presents a hypothesis that somewhat mirrors that of Bae and

    Wickarama hypothesis. Wolitsky and team of researchers are seeking to connect early-on

    stressful events (continuous adversities, traumas, disconnect family units, violence, poverty, etc.)

    as one of the contributing factors to the poor health later discovered within a particular group of

    young adults. The researchers within this article are aware that there has been a very large

    number of studies that have shown a connection, however, the prior studies presented limitations

    that did not offer data that could be considered construed as skewed results.

    With that stated, Walitsky-Taylor et al. (2017) decided to conduct their study in a manner

    that aimed to remove any possible limitations. “To inform developmentally-minded

    interventions and address the above limitations, we followed a sample of adolescents into young

    adulthood to better understand the relationship between childhood and adolescent adversities and

    physical health outcomes, and in particular to determine whether substance use disorders might

    account for an association between adversities and poor health” (Walitsky-Taylor et al., pg. 17,

    2017). While Walitsky et al. (2017) know of the large contribution to poor health by disconnect

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    families and negative sociocultural environments, this team of researchers sought out to

    eliminate other possible factor that led to future poor health or to show that one factor may out

    way the other.

    The participants in this study agreed to enter into a 10-year longitudinal study. Ages 15

    to 18 years were selected, and the researchers focused on identifying those individuals within

    that age group from two large cities (Chicago and Los Angeles). In addition, the researchers

    focused on two demographics from the suburbs of the selected cities. Each participant was to

    complete an adversity interview early-on, and psychopathology was examined in both early

    childhood and late adolescence. DSM-IV scales “Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic

    and Statistical Manual—IV” was utilized throughout the duration of the clinical trial. The semi-

    structured Childhood Trauma Interview was administered to the participants from early

    childhood to mid-adolescence as well. This team of researchers were seeking to ensure that no

    stone was left uncovered.

    With the gathering of their data, Walitsky and team discovered that it was hard to truly

    isolate one variable from another. Meaning, the researchers concluded that more testing was

    needed to connect stressors/adverse to later health issues in young adults without considering

    substance abuse. Substance abuse could be the leading cause of the poor health in young adults

    more so than stressors, however, the stressors may be encouraging substance abuse that later

    welcomes poor health. Due to not all early-on stressor ending in substance abuse, Walitsky et al.

    (2017) seeks to see just when the road splits.

    Overall, the researchers in the second article continue to work to bring life to their

    hypothesis. Extended studies continue and more limitations are also being identified in the

    process. The ultimate goal that this team of researchers aim to achieve is to provide various

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    groups with tools that reconnect families, the adoption of coping strategies, and tools to avoid the

    increase of substance abuse and future poor health. When looking at both of the studies, a reader

    can see various similarities, whether it be targeted demographic, research methods, and most

    importantly a common goal that could bring hope to many communities.

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    References

    Bae, D., & Wickrama, K. A. (2017). Stress Processes Linking Parent–Child Disconnection to

    Disease Risk in Young Adulthood: Amplification by Genotype. Journal of Youth and

    Adolescence, 46(5), 1137–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0666-8

    Wolitzky-Taylor, K., Sewart, A., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Zinbarg, R., Mineka, S., Hammen, C.,

    Bobova, L., Adam, E. K., & Craske, M. G. (2016). The Effects of Childhood and

    Adolescent Adversity on Substance Use Disorders and Poor Health in Early

    Adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(1), 15–27.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0566-3

    This study source was downloaded by 100000825965683 from CourseHero.com on 01-07-2025 20:30:51 GMT -06:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/
    Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

    [https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/](https://www.coursehero.com/file/216537078/Article-Summary-Developmental-Psychology-Articlesdocx/)

    [http://www.tcpdf.org](http://www.tcpdf.org/)

  • [Solved] Leadership Webinar

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    leadership webinar – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## leadershipwebinar.docx **## leadershipwebinar.docx** Length of paper 3 pages with 3 references, not including cover page or reference page. This assignment is designed to help students learn about various resources available for professional develo…

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    leadership webinar

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## leadershipwebinar.docx

    **## leadershipwebinar.docx**

    Length of paper 3 pages with 3 references, not including cover page or reference page.

    This assignment is designed to help students learn about various resources available for professional development, as well as engage in the thoughtful examination of pertinent leadership topics.

    You may select any web seminar from those available online addressing leadership issues and topics.

    Some suggested websites are the following:

    Management Concepts:
    [http://www.managementconcepts.com/Resources/Download-Free-WebinarsLinks to an external site.](http://www.managementconcepts.com/Resources/Download-Free-Webinars)

    Center for Creative Leadership:
    [http://www.ccl.org/leadership/community/alphaListing.aspxLinks to an external site.](http://www.ccl.org/leadership/community/alphaListing.aspx)

    Many of these seminars are accompanied by PowerPoint presentations so you can “view” them as you listen to the speaker. Some seminars are not accompanied by graphics. After you have listened to your chosen seminar, prepare a 3-5 page narrative paper which addresses the following areas:

    1. Rationale for your selection

    2. Summary of the speaker’s key points

    3. How this content is or is not reflected in your present work

    4. How applying the speaker’s message can change your workplace

    5. Main "take away" from the webinar that you would share with colleagues.

    **## leadershipwebinar.docx**

    Length of paper 3 pages with 3 references, not including cover page or reference page.

    This assignment is designed to help students learn about various resources available for professional development, as well as engage in the thoughtful examination of pertinent leadership topics.

    You may select any web seminar from those available online addressing leadership issues and topics.

    Some suggested websites are the following:

    Management Concepts:
    [http://www.managementconcepts.com/Resources/Download-Free-WebinarsLinks to an external site.](http://www.managementconcepts.com/Resources/Download-Free-Webinars)

    Center for Creative Leadership:
    [http://www.ccl.org/leadership/community/alphaListing.aspxLinks to an external site.](http://www.ccl.org/leadership/community/alphaListing.aspx)

    Many of these seminars are accompanied by PowerPoint presentations so you can “view” them as you listen to the speaker. Some seminars are not accompanied by graphics. After you have listened to your chosen seminar, prepare a 3-5 page narrative paper which addresses the following areas:

    1. Rationale for your selection

    2. Summary of the speaker’s key points

    3. How this content is or is not reflected in your present work

    4. How applying the speaker’s message can change your workplace

    5. Main "take away" from the webinar that you would share with colleagues.

  • [Solved] Education Week 6 – Assignment: Public Service Announcement

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    – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## PublicAnnoucement.docx **## PublicAnnoucement.docx** **Assignment Directions:** For this assignment, you will create an engaging and informative 1-to-2-minute public service announcement (PSA) video or audio recording or a flyer. The goal is to educate the public abo…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## PublicAnnoucement.docx

    **## PublicAnnoucement.docx**

    **Assignment Directions:**

    For this assignment, you will create an engaging and informative 1-to-2-minute public service announcement (PSA) video or audio recording or a flyer. The goal is to educate the public about 3 of the most important actions individuals can take to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

    This PSA assignment allows you to synthesize research on STI prevention into a concise, educational public awareness campaign. An effective PSA compellingly conveys need-to-know information in a way that resonates with the intended audience.

    **Directions:**

    1. Research the major modes of transmission for common STIs like HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, etc. Identify 3 key prevention strategies that resonate as the most crucial for your chosen audience to know.

    2. Decide on the format for your PSA – will it be a video, flyer/poster, or audio recording? Keep your audience in mind.

    3. Write a persuasive script or design the visual elements for your PSA content highlighting the 3 STI prevention actions you selected. Some examples could include:

    · Using condoms/barriers correctly

    · Getting tested regularly

    · Having open conversations with partners

    · Knowing your status

    · Avoiding risky behaviors

    4. Create your final digital PSA product, keeping it concise, educational, and focused on your 3 main prevention points. Be creative!

    5. For video/audio PSAs: Record your final PSA and edit it as needed. Length should be 1 to 2 minutes.

    6. For a flyer/poster: Design a clear, visually appealing layout with your prevention messaging.

    7. Include a brief 1-paragraph explanation summarizing your creative approach and target audience.

    8. Include a reference page showing the sources for the material used in your Public Service Announcement.

    **Submission Instructions:**

    · PSA in the format of your choice (video/audio recording or flyer)

    · Follow guidelines based on selection above related to time, length, etc.

    · Include 1-paragraph explanation

    · Include reference page showing sources used

    [Academic Integrity [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=content&rcode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-741797)

    [Assignment Rubric [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=rubric&rCode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-778780)

    This assignment aligns with the following:

    · Course Objective
    [4 [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=content&rcode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-5979)

    · Learning Objectives
    [4.1 & 4.2 [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=content&rcode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-5979)

    **Resources & Supports**

    ·
    [Office 365 [webpage]](https://www.office.com/): You have free access as an APUS student. Sign in with your MyCampus Email credentials.

    ·
    [Submitting and Confirming a Submission ](https://youtu.be/HY0ogyh-IhQ): Watch this 3-minute video if you need guidance on submitting your assignment.

    · If you select audio format, you can use and upload your own file or the Kaltura player that is found under the “insert stuff” button in the text editor. You can also record or upload a video using the
    ](https://community.d2l.com/brightspace/kb/articles/1825-create-and-insert-a-video-note-in-brightspace-editor).

    · If you select a flyer/poster, you might consider using
    [Microsoft Word templates [webpage]](https://create.microsoft.com/en-us/templates/flyers),
    [Microsoft Publisher [webpage]](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/publisher),
    [Canva [webpage]](https://www.canva.com/) or any editing program you’re comfortable with.

    Note:
    _All assignments are submitted to Turnitin, which looks for similarity to other submitted or published writing. Any assignment receiving a TII score of 30% or higher is a sign the faculty may find issues about the originality of your work.  An originality score should generally be no more than 20%.  Assignments with originality scores between 20 and 50% are more likely to have an issue where your faculty may need to deduct points.  Any originality score over 50% is a strong sign there may be serious issues with your final submission that could result in a failing grade. Please keep this in mind as you are submitting work._

    **## PublicAnnoucement.docx**

    **Assignment Directions:**

    For this assignment, you will create an engaging and informative 1-to-2-minute public service announcement (PSA) video or audio recording or a flyer. The goal is to educate the public about 3 of the most important actions individuals can take to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

    This PSA assignment allows you to synthesize research on STI prevention into a concise, educational public awareness campaign. An effective PSA compellingly conveys need-to-know information in a way that resonates with the intended audience.

    **Directions:**

    1. Research the major modes of transmission for common STIs like HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, etc. Identify 3 key prevention strategies that resonate as the most crucial for your chosen audience to know.

    2. Decide on the format for your PSA – will it be a video, flyer/poster, or audio recording? Keep your audience in mind.

    3. Write a persuasive script or design the visual elements for your PSA content highlighting the 3 STI prevention actions you selected. Some examples could include:

    · Using condoms/barriers correctly

    · Getting tested regularly

    · Having open conversations with partners

    · Knowing your status

    · Avoiding risky behaviors

    4. Create your final digital PSA product, keeping it concise, educational, and focused on your 3 main prevention points. Be creative!

    5. For video/audio PSAs: Record your final PSA and edit it as needed. Length should be 1 to 2 minutes.

    6. For a flyer/poster: Design a clear, visually appealing layout with your prevention messaging.

    7. Include a brief 1-paragraph explanation summarizing your creative approach and target audience.

    8. Include a reference page showing the sources for the material used in your Public Service Announcement.

    **Submission Instructions:**

    · PSA in the format of your choice (video/audio recording or flyer)

    · Follow guidelines based on selection above related to time, length, etc.

    · Include 1-paragraph explanation

    · Include reference page showing sources used

    [Academic Integrity [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=content&rcode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-741797)

    [Assignment Rubric [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=rubric&rCode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-778780)

    This assignment aligns with the following:

    · Course Objective
    [4 [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=content&rcode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-5979)

    · Learning Objectives
    [4.1 & 4.2 [content page]](https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=301697&type=content&rcode=00D22884-7DC5-4408-809B-589E36B04C5A-5979)

    **Resources & Supports**

    ·
    [Office 365 [webpage]](https://www.office.com/): You have free access as an APUS student. Sign in with your MyCampus Email credentials.

    ·
    [Submitting and Confirming a Submission ](https://youtu.be/HY0ogyh-IhQ): Watch this 3-minute video if you need guidance on submitting your assignment.

    · If you select audio format, you can use and upload your own file or the Kaltura player that is found under the “insert stuff” button in the text editor. You can also record or upload a video using the
    ](https://community.d2l.com/brightspace/kb/articles/1825-create-and-insert-a-video-note-in-brightspace-editor).

    · If you select a flyer/poster, you might consider using
    [Microsoft Word templates [webpage]](https://create.microsoft.com/en-us/templates/flyers),
    [Microsoft Publisher [webpage]](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/publisher),
    [Canva [webpage]](https://www.canva.com/) or any editing program you’re comfortable with.

    Note:
    _All assignments are submitted to Turnitin, which looks for similarity to other submitted or published writing. Any assignment receiving a TII score of 30% or higher is a sign the faculty may find issues about the originality of your work.  An originality score should generally be no more than 20%.  Assignments with originality scores between 20 and 50% are more likely to have an issue where your faculty may need to deduct points.  Any originality score over 50% is a strong sign there may be serious issues with your final submission that could result in a failing grade. Please keep this in mind as you are submitting work._

  • [Solved] comprehensive components

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    how to effective explain communication points – 2 years ago

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    how to effective explain communication points

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] week 410

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    attached – 2 years ago **files (5)** – ## week4assign.docx – ## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx – articleweek4.pdf – Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf – Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf **## week4assign.docx** Discussion 1 An article’s abstract “contains enough …

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    attached

    – 2 years ago

    **files (5)**

    – ## week4assign.docx

    – ## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx

    – articleweek4.pdf
    – Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf
    – Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf

    **## week4assign.docx**

    Discussion 1

    An article’s abstract “contains enough essential information about the article to be able to assess its merit and relevance…and you can discern and anticipate the logic of the author’s argument before even reading through the full article” (Shon, 2018, p. 34).

    Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
    [University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the abstract.

    Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

    · In your own words, what is the essential information and logic of the author’s article/argument?

    Discussion 2:

    Post a total of 2 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post due Saturday and 1 reply to classmates or your faculty member by Monday.

    Please refer to this week’s learning materials. They are intended to help you engage effectively in this discussion.

    A social science journal article’s introduction “is like a blueprint and a map: it lays out the itinerary of an article’s path of logical travel…and are organized and structured into predictable patterns” (Shon, 2018, p, 41).

    Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
    [University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the introduction.

    Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

    · How do the authors organize the introduction? Do the subheadings and article’s discussion follow the “blueprint and map” outlined in the introduction?

    · As you reflect on what you have learned about writing an introduction, what might you do differently in writing introductions as you progress through the dissertation process?

    **## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx**

    2

    2

    **Title of the Paper**

    Your Name

    Institution Name

    Course Name

    Faculty Member’s Name

    Assignment Due Date

    **![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/week-410)Method and Design AES Worksheet**
    The components of critical thinking include analysis, evaluation, and synthesis (AES). You will analyze, evaluate, and synthesize literature (draw conclusions between and among historical and current literature) as you write your dissertation. For example, in Ch. 2 of your dissertation writing process, the Literature Review, you will compare and contrast past and current literature on your chosen topic. In Ch. 3 of your dissertation writing process, you will discuss and defend the chosen research method and design, and in other areas throughout the dissertation.

    This 4-part assignment breaks down AES to provide you the opportunity to see how literature analysis and evaluation leads to synthesis/conclusions. The focus of this assignment is on the methodology sections in Ch. 3 of 2 dissertations. The components of this 4-part assignment are:

    · Part 1: Dissertation Analysis: Analyze Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 2: Critical Evaluation: Evaluate Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas: Identify the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 4: Method and Design Defense: Demonstrate AES through defending your own method and design choice.

    **Complete** Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 using the provided instructions.

    **Part 1: Dissertation Analysis**

    **Access** the
    [Research Databases](https://library.phoenix.edu/az.php?) page on the University Library website to
    **access** the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.

    **Locate** 1 University of Phoenix dissertation and 1 dissertation from another university. Ensure both were published within the last 2 years and utilized the same methodology (method and design) you are proposing for your research.

    **Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

    **Analyze** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

    **Report** your analysis findings in the Analysis Findings Table using key terms and phrases from the selected dissertations. Answer the questions provided in the “Analysis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations you selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Analysis Findings Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Analysis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | In the research study, what are the strategies (i.e., methodology) used to execute the research, such as research method and research design? | | |
    | How are the research method and research design stated in the title? How are the method and design stated in the abstract? | | |
    | Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research method align with the purpose of the study? Why or why not? | | |
    | What is the research design for the research study? | | |
    | Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research design align with the research method of the study? Why or why not? | | |
    | Does the methodology (i.e., strategies used to execute the research) align with the research method and research design? Why or why not? | | |
    | Do the authors present a clear understanding of the differences between method and design? Explain your response. | | |

    ### Part 2: Critical Evaluation

    You will be building academic arguments throughout the dissertation process. Doing so will require you to justify your research method and design choices using general theorists in research method and primary theorists in research design. Academic arguments are supported with evidence-based research.

    **Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

    **Refer** to your course textbook,
    _Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on evaluating literature.

    **Evaluate** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

    **Report** your findings in the Critical Evaluation Findings Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Evaluation Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Critical Evaluation Findings Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Evaluation Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | What citations/references do the authors use to build their arguments for the research method section? | | |
    | Who are the theorists cited and referenced in the arguments? | | |
    | How do the authors compare/contrast different research methods? You can copy/paste excerpts from the text. Provide at least 2 examples and explain the evaluation. | | |
    | Are the research method and design in alignment with the study? If so, how are they aligned? If not, how are they misaligned? | | |
    | How are the research method and design appropriate for the purposes of the study? | | |

    ### Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas

    Now that you have analyzed the methodology sections of both dissertations and provided evidence of evaluation, readers need to be given information on why the evaluation is important.

    For this part of the assignment, you will identify the synthesis of the method and design arguments evaluated above from the same dissertations.

    **Note**: Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use for your dissertation.

    **Refer** to your course textbook,
    _Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on synthesizing literature.

    **Identify** the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations

    **Report** your findings in the Synthesis of Ideas Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Synthesis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Synthesis of Ideas Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Synthesis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen method? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
    | How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen design? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
    | Are the conclusion/summary sections clear and logical? If yes, how do the authors tie everything together? If no, what suggestions would you make to guide the authors? | | |

    ### Part 4: Method and Design Defense

    Now it’s time to practice AES.

    Using the Student Paper Template included in the following pages of this document,
    **write**:

    · 1 paragraph defending your proposed method you chose for your dissertation

    · 1 paragraph defending your proposed design you chose for your dissertation

    ·
    1 summary paragraph

    **Cite** at least 1 method and 1 design expert recommended in the
    [CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263) to provide a definition and explanation of the method and design characteristics.

    **Format** your paper according to APA guidelines.

    **Title of the Paper**

    Begin the paper here. Double space the entire document. Indent the first line by 1 tab key (0.5 inches). University of Phoenix accepts 1 space after a period. The first paragraph is the introduction in every paper and does not contain a subheading. Provide a brief overview of the general topic and end with a preview of the topics discussed in the paper. Unless the paper is a self-assessment analysis or a reflection paper, never write using first-person point of view: I, me, my, mine, etc. Never write academic papers using second-person point of view: you, your, yours, etc. Using editorial “we” and “our” is not acceptable. For more information on writing style and grammar, review Ch. 4, “Writing Style and Grammar,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

    Provide an introductory paragraph to prepare the reader for the discussion, and the introductory paragraph does not have a level heading (subheading).

    **In-Text Citations**

    Formatting of in-text citations throughout the paper varies, with options to ensure readability and writing style. The following sections provide a brief overview of 2 types of in-text citations: narrative and parenthetical. Review Ch. 8, “Works Credited in the Text,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for more information regarding the formatting of personal communications, block quotations, secondary sources, and citing several sources to support a single claim.

    **Narrative Citations**

    Narrative citations are citations in which the author or authors are listed as part of the sentence. For example, in the following phrase, “Alexander and Smith (2019) examined…,” notice that “and” is used between authors’ names in narrative citations. Also, always use past tense verbs when associated with a citation because the source was published prior to the date used in the paper. If 3 or more authors are being cited, for example a source written by Thomas, Dickinson, and Harrison, list the first author and then include “et al.” so that the structure is as follows: “Thomas et al. (2018) stated…”

    **Parenthetical Citations**

    A parenthetical citation is a citation in which the writer presents the statement followed by the citation. For example, in the following phrase, “The writing process requires… (Alexander & Smith, 2019),” notice an ampersand (&) is used between names in parenthetical citations. A parenthetical citation for 3 or more authors requires only the first author’s last name and the addition of et al. so that the structure is as follows: “Improvement strategies for writing include… (Thomas et al., 2018).”

    The examples shown in the narrative and parenthetical citations sections are paraphrases. Paraphrases are the writer’s interpretation of an author’s statement. None of the exact words used by the author should appear in a paraphrase. Direct quotations occur when the writer copies the exact words used by an author. To properly acknowledge the sentence as a direct quotation, quotation marks must surround the quoted material and a page number or paragraph number (if pages are not marked) must appear in the citation. Examples of this format are: Alexander and Smith (2019) stated “Insert quotation” (p. 423); or, “The guidelines for writing an academic paper require…” (Alexander & Smith, 2019, para. 6). The use of direct quotations in scholarly writing is discouraged, as the ability to paraphrase indicates critical-thinking skills.

    **Headings**

    Headings identify paragraph topics. The centered “Headings” shown above is classified as a Level 1 heading. Following the introduction, the body of the paper begins with a Level 1 heading. Level 2 headings are formatted flush left, as shown in the “Narrative Citations” section above and reflect subtopics of the Level 1 heading. Many papers use only Level 1 headings throughout, yet most papers use a combination of Level 1 and Level 2 headings. More complex topics may require additional headings. For guidance with headings, refer to Section 2.27, “Heading Levels” of Ch. 2, “Paper Elements and Format,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

    **Conclusion**

    The final Level 1 heading in every paper is for the conclusion section and eliminates the need to add “in summary” or “in conclusion” as the start of the final paragraph. In the conclusion, the writer summarizes the key points made in the paper with no new information or analysis. The conclusion is simply a recap of the most notable information presented in the paper.

    ## References

    **Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
    [Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix.

    When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

    **Journal Article Example**

    Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
    _Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

    https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304

    **Authored Book Example**

    Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
    _Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

    **Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

    Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
    _The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11

    Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

    Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

    ## image1.png

    **articleweek4.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleweek4-pdf)

    **Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/student-responsiveness-towards1-pdf)

    **Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/honoring-black-male-students-t-pdf)

    **Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/honoring-black-male-students-t-pdf)

    **## week4assign.docx**

    Discussion 1

    An article’s abstract “contains enough essential information about the article to be able to assess its merit and relevance…and you can discern and anticipate the logic of the author’s argument before even reading through the full article” (Shon, 2018, p. 34).

    Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
    [University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the abstract.

    Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

    · In your own words, what is the essential information and logic of the author’s article/argument?

    Discussion 2:

    Post a total of 2 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post due Saturday and 1 reply to classmates or your faculty member by Monday.

    Please refer to this week’s learning materials. They are intended to help you engage effectively in this discussion.

    A social science journal article’s introduction “is like a blueprint and a map: it lays out the itinerary of an article’s path of logical travel…and are organized and structured into predictable patterns” (Shon, 2018, p, 41).

    Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
    [University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the introduction.

    Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

    · How do the authors organize the introduction? Do the subheadings and article’s discussion follow the “blueprint and map” outlined in the introduction?

    · As you reflect on what you have learned about writing an introduction, what might you do differently in writing introductions as you progress through the dissertation process?

    **## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx**

    2

    2

    **Title of the Paper**

    Your Name

    Institution Name

    Course Name

    Faculty Member’s Name

    Assignment Due Date

    **![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/week-410)Method and Design AES Worksheet**
    The components of critical thinking include analysis, evaluation, and synthesis (AES). You will analyze, evaluate, and synthesize literature (draw conclusions between and among historical and current literature) as you write your dissertation. For example, in Ch. 2 of your dissertation writing process, the Literature Review, you will compare and contrast past and current literature on your chosen topic. In Ch. 3 of your dissertation writing process, you will discuss and defend the chosen research method and design, and in other areas throughout the dissertation.

    This 4-part assignment breaks down AES to provide you the opportunity to see how literature analysis and evaluation leads to synthesis/conclusions. The focus of this assignment is on the methodology sections in Ch. 3 of 2 dissertations. The components of this 4-part assignment are:

    · Part 1: Dissertation Analysis: Analyze Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 2: Critical Evaluation: Evaluate Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas: Identify the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 4: Method and Design Defense: Demonstrate AES through defending your own method and design choice.

    **Complete** Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 using the provided instructions.

    **Part 1: Dissertation Analysis**

    **Access** the
    [Research Databases](https://library.phoenix.edu/az.php?) page on the University Library website to
    **access** the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.

    **Locate** 1 University of Phoenix dissertation and 1 dissertation from another university. Ensure both were published within the last 2 years and utilized the same methodology (method and design) you are proposing for your research.

    **Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

    **Analyze** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

    **Report** your analysis findings in the Analysis Findings Table using key terms and phrases from the selected dissertations. Answer the questions provided in the “Analysis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations you selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Analysis Findings Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Analysis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | In the research study, what are the strategies (i.e., methodology) used to execute the research, such as research method and research design? | | |
    | How are the research method and research design stated in the title? How are the method and design stated in the abstract? | | |
    | Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research method align with the purpose of the study? Why or why not? | | |
    | What is the research design for the research study? | | |
    | Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research design align with the research method of the study? Why or why not? | | |
    | Does the methodology (i.e., strategies used to execute the research) align with the research method and research design? Why or why not? | | |
    | Do the authors present a clear understanding of the differences between method and design? Explain your response. | | |

    ### Part 2: Critical Evaluation

    You will be building academic arguments throughout the dissertation process. Doing so will require you to justify your research method and design choices using general theorists in research method and primary theorists in research design. Academic arguments are supported with evidence-based research.

    **Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

    **Refer** to your course textbook,
    _Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on evaluating literature.

    **Evaluate** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

    **Report** your findings in the Critical Evaluation Findings Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Evaluation Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Critical Evaluation Findings Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Evaluation Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | What citations/references do the authors use to build their arguments for the research method section? | | |
    | Who are the theorists cited and referenced in the arguments? | | |
    | How do the authors compare/contrast different research methods? You can copy/paste excerpts from the text. Provide at least 2 examples and explain the evaluation. | | |
    | Are the research method and design in alignment with the study? If so, how are they aligned? If not, how are they misaligned? | | |
    | How are the research method and design appropriate for the purposes of the study? | | |

    ### Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas

    Now that you have analyzed the methodology sections of both dissertations and provided evidence of evaluation, readers need to be given information on why the evaluation is important.

    For this part of the assignment, you will identify the synthesis of the method and design arguments evaluated above from the same dissertations.

    **Note**: Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use for your dissertation.

    **Refer** to your course textbook,
    _Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on synthesizing literature.

    **Identify** the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations

    **Report** your findings in the Synthesis of Ideas Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Synthesis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Synthesis of Ideas Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Synthesis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen method? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
    | How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen design? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
    | Are the conclusion/summary sections clear and logical? If yes, how do the authors tie everything together? If no, what suggestions would you make to guide the authors? | | |

    ### Part 4: Method and Design Defense

    Now it’s time to practice AES.

    Using the Student Paper Template included in the following pages of this document,
    **write**:

    · 1 paragraph defending your proposed method you chose for your dissertation

    · 1 paragraph defending your proposed design you chose for your dissertation

    ·
    1 summary paragraph

    **Cite** at least 1 method and 1 design expert recommended in the
    [CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263) to provide a definition and explanation of the method and design characteristics.

    **Format** your paper according to APA guidelines.

    **Title of the Paper**

    Begin the paper here. Double space the entire document. Indent the first line by 1 tab key (0.5 inches). University of Phoenix accepts 1 space after a period. The first paragraph is the introduction in every paper and does not contain a subheading. Provide a brief overview of the general topic and end with a preview of the topics discussed in the paper. Unless the paper is a self-assessment analysis or a reflection paper, never write using first-person point of view: I, me, my, mine, etc. Never write academic papers using second-person point of view: you, your, yours, etc. Using editorial “we” and “our” is not acceptable. For more information on writing style and grammar, review Ch. 4, “Writing Style and Grammar,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

    Provide an introductory paragraph to prepare the reader for the discussion, and the introductory paragraph does not have a level heading (subheading).

    **In-Text Citations**

    Formatting of in-text citations throughout the paper varies, with options to ensure readability and writing style. The following sections provide a brief overview of 2 types of in-text citations: narrative and parenthetical. Review Ch. 8, “Works Credited in the Text,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for more information regarding the formatting of personal communications, block quotations, secondary sources, and citing several sources to support a single claim.

    **Narrative Citations**

    Narrative citations are citations in which the author or authors are listed as part of the sentence. For example, in the following phrase, “Alexander and Smith (2019) examined…,” notice that “and” is used between authors’ names in narrative citations. Also, always use past tense verbs when associated with a citation because the source was published prior to the date used in the paper. If 3 or more authors are being cited, for example a source written by Thomas, Dickinson, and Harrison, list the first author and then include “et al.” so that the structure is as follows: “Thomas et al. (2018) stated…”

    **Parenthetical Citations**

    A parenthetical citation is a citation in which the writer presents the statement followed by the citation. For example, in the following phrase, “The writing process requires… (Alexander & Smith, 2019),” notice an ampersand (&) is used between names in parenthetical citations. A parenthetical citation for 3 or more authors requires only the first author’s last name and the addition of et al. so that the structure is as follows: “Improvement strategies for writing include… (Thomas et al., 2018).”

    The examples shown in the narrative and parenthetical citations sections are paraphrases. Paraphrases are the writer’s interpretation of an author’s statement. None of the exact words used by the author should appear in a paraphrase. Direct quotations occur when the writer copies the exact words used by an author. To properly acknowledge the sentence as a direct quotation, quotation marks must surround the quoted material and a page number or paragraph number (if pages are not marked) must appear in the citation. Examples of this format are: Alexander and Smith (2019) stated “Insert quotation” (p. 423); or, “The guidelines for writing an academic paper require…” (Alexander & Smith, 2019, para. 6). The use of direct quotations in scholarly writing is discouraged, as the ability to paraphrase indicates critical-thinking skills.

    **Headings**

    Headings identify paragraph topics. The centered “Headings” shown above is classified as a Level 1 heading. Following the introduction, the body of the paper begins with a Level 1 heading. Level 2 headings are formatted flush left, as shown in the “Narrative Citations” section above and reflect subtopics of the Level 1 heading. Many papers use only Level 1 headings throughout, yet most papers use a combination of Level 1 and Level 2 headings. More complex topics may require additional headings. For guidance with headings, refer to Section 2.27, “Heading Levels” of Ch. 2, “Paper Elements and Format,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

    **Conclusion**

    The final Level 1 heading in every paper is for the conclusion section and eliminates the need to add “in summary” or “in conclusion” as the start of the final paragraph. In the conclusion, the writer summarizes the key points made in the paper with no new information or analysis. The conclusion is simply a recap of the most notable information presented in the paper.

    ## References

    **Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
    [Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix.

    When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

    **Journal Article Example**

    Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
    _Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

    https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304

    **Authored Book Example**

    Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
    _Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

    **Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

    Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
    _The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11

    Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

    Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

    ## image1.png

    **articleweek4.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleweek4-pdf)

    **Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/student-responsiveness-towards1-pdf)

    **Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/honoring-black-male-students-t-pdf)

    **## week4assign.docx**

    Discussion 1

    An article’s abstract “contains enough essential information about the article to be able to assess its merit and relevance…and you can discern and anticipate the logic of the author’s argument before even reading through the full article” (Shon, 2018, p. 34).

    Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
    [University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the abstract.

    Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

    · In your own words, what is the essential information and logic of the author’s article/argument?

    Discussion 2:

    Post a total of 2 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post due Saturday and 1 reply to classmates or your faculty member by Monday.

    Please refer to this week’s learning materials. They are intended to help you engage effectively in this discussion.

    A social science journal article’s introduction “is like a blueprint and a map: it lays out the itinerary of an article’s path of logical travel…and are organized and structured into predictable patterns” (Shon, 2018, p, 41).

    Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
    [University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the introduction.

    Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

    · How do the authors organize the introduction? Do the subheadings and article’s discussion follow the “blueprint and map” outlined in the introduction?

    · As you reflect on what you have learned about writing an introduction, what might you do differently in writing introductions as you progress through the dissertation process?

    **## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx**

    2

    2

    **Title of the Paper**

    Your Name

    Institution Name

    Course Name

    Faculty Member’s Name

    Assignment Due Date

    **![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/week-410)Method and Design AES Worksheet**
    The components of critical thinking include analysis, evaluation, and synthesis (AES). You will analyze, evaluate, and synthesize literature (draw conclusions between and among historical and current literature) as you write your dissertation. For example, in Ch. 2 of your dissertation writing process, the Literature Review, you will compare and contrast past and current literature on your chosen topic. In Ch. 3 of your dissertation writing process, you will discuss and defend the chosen research method and design, and in other areas throughout the dissertation.

    This 4-part assignment breaks down AES to provide you the opportunity to see how literature analysis and evaluation leads to synthesis/conclusions. The focus of this assignment is on the methodology sections in Ch. 3 of 2 dissertations. The components of this 4-part assignment are:

    · Part 1: Dissertation Analysis: Analyze Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 2: Critical Evaluation: Evaluate Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas: Identify the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

    · Part 4: Method and Design Defense: Demonstrate AES through defending your own method and design choice.

    **Complete** Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 using the provided instructions.

    **Part 1: Dissertation Analysis**

    **Access** the
    [Research Databases](https://library.phoenix.edu/az.php?) page on the University Library website to
    **access** the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.

    **Locate** 1 University of Phoenix dissertation and 1 dissertation from another university. Ensure both were published within the last 2 years and utilized the same methodology (method and design) you are proposing for your research.

    **Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

    **Analyze** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

    **Report** your analysis findings in the Analysis Findings Table using key terms and phrases from the selected dissertations. Answer the questions provided in the “Analysis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations you selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Analysis Findings Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Analysis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | In the research study, what are the strategies (i.e., methodology) used to execute the research, such as research method and research design? | | |
    | How are the research method and research design stated in the title? How are the method and design stated in the abstract? | | |
    | Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research method align with the purpose of the study? Why or why not? | | |
    | What is the research design for the research study? | | |
    | Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research design align with the research method of the study? Why or why not? | | |
    | Does the methodology (i.e., strategies used to execute the research) align with the research method and research design? Why or why not? | | |
    | Do the authors present a clear understanding of the differences between method and design? Explain your response. | | |

    ### Part 2: Critical Evaluation

    You will be building academic arguments throughout the dissertation process. Doing so will require you to justify your research method and design choices using general theorists in research method and primary theorists in research design. Academic arguments are supported with evidence-based research.

    **Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

    **Refer** to your course textbook,
    _Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on evaluating literature.

    **Evaluate** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

    **Report** your findings in the Critical Evaluation Findings Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Evaluation Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Critical Evaluation Findings Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Evaluation Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | What citations/references do the authors use to build their arguments for the research method section? | | |
    | Who are the theorists cited and referenced in the arguments? | | |
    | How do the authors compare/contrast different research methods? You can copy/paste excerpts from the text. Provide at least 2 examples and explain the evaluation. | | |
    | Are the research method and design in alignment with the study? If so, how are they aligned? If not, how are they misaligned? | | |
    | How are the research method and design appropriate for the purposes of the study? | | |

    ### Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas

    Now that you have analyzed the methodology sections of both dissertations and provided evidence of evaluation, readers need to be given information on why the evaluation is important.

    For this part of the assignment, you will identify the synthesis of the method and design arguments evaluated above from the same dissertations.

    **Note**: Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use for your dissertation.

    **Refer** to your course textbook,
    _Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on synthesizing literature.

    **Identify** the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations

    **Report** your findings in the Synthesis of Ideas Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Synthesis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

    **Cite** sources to support your analysis.

    **Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

    **Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

    **Synthesis of Ideas Table**

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | Synthesis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
    | What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
    | How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen method? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
    | How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen design? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
    | Are the conclusion/summary sections clear and logical? If yes, how do the authors tie everything together? If no, what suggestions would you make to guide the authors? | | |

    ### Part 4: Method and Design Defense

    Now it’s time to practice AES.

    Using the Student Paper Template included in the following pages of this document,
    **write**:

    · 1 paragraph defending your proposed method you chose for your dissertation

    · 1 paragraph defending your proposed design you chose for your dissertation

    ·
    1 summary paragraph

    **Cite** at least 1 method and 1 design expert recommended in the
    [CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263) to provide a definition and explanation of the method and design characteristics.

    **Format** your paper according to APA guidelines.

    **Title of the Paper**

    Begin the paper here. Double space the entire document. Indent the first line by 1 tab key (0.5 inches). University of Phoenix accepts 1 space after a period. The first paragraph is the introduction in every paper and does not contain a subheading. Provide a brief overview of the general topic and end with a preview of the topics discussed in the paper. Unless the paper is a self-assessment analysis or a reflection paper, never write using first-person point of view: I, me, my, mine, etc. Never write academic papers using second-person point of view: you, your, yours, etc. Using editorial “we” and “our” is not acceptable. For more information on writing style and grammar, review Ch. 4, “Writing Style and Grammar,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

    Provide an introductory paragraph to prepare the reader for the discussion, and the introductory paragraph does not have a level heading (subheading).

    **In-Text Citations**

    Formatting of in-text citations throughout the paper varies, with options to ensure readability and writing style. The following sections provide a brief overview of 2 types of in-text citations: narrative and parenthetical. Review Ch. 8, “Works Credited in the Text,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for more information regarding the formatting of personal communications, block quotations, secondary sources, and citing several sources to support a single claim.

    **Narrative Citations**

    Narrative citations are citations in which the author or authors are listed as part of the sentence. For example, in the following phrase, “Alexander and Smith (2019) examined…,” notice that “and” is used between authors’ names in narrative citations. Also, always use past tense verbs when associated with a citation because the source was published prior to the date used in the paper. If 3 or more authors are being cited, for example a source written by Thomas, Dickinson, and Harrison, list the first author and then include “et al.” so that the structure is as follows: “Thomas et al. (2018) stated…”

    **Parenthetical Citations**

    A parenthetical citation is a citation in which the writer presents the statement followed by the citation. For example, in the following phrase, “The writing process requires… (Alexander & Smith, 2019),” notice an ampersand (&) is used between names in parenthetical citations. A parenthetical citation for 3 or more authors requires only the first author’s last name and the addition of et al. so that the structure is as follows: “Improvement strategies for writing include… (Thomas et al., 2018).”

    The examples shown in the narrative and parenthetical citations sections are paraphrases. Paraphrases are the writer’s interpretation of an author’s statement. None of the exact words used by the author should appear in a paraphrase. Direct quotations occur when the writer copies the exact words used by an author. To properly acknowledge the sentence as a direct quotation, quotation marks must surround the quoted material and a page number or paragraph number (if pages are not marked) must appear in the citation. Examples of this format are: Alexander and Smith (2019) stated “Insert quotation” (p. 423); or, “The guidelines for writing an academic paper require…” (Alexander & Smith, 2019, para. 6). The use of direct quotations in scholarly writing is discouraged, as the ability to paraphrase indicates critical-thinking skills.

    **Headings**

    Headings identify paragraph topics. The centered “Headings” shown above is classified as a Level 1 heading. Following the introduction, the body of the paper begins with a Level 1 heading. Level 2 headings are formatted flush left, as shown in the “Narrative Citations” section above and reflect subtopics of the Level 1 heading. Many papers use only Level 1 headings throughout, yet most papers use a combination of Level 1 and Level 2 headings. More complex topics may require additional headings. For guidance with headings, refer to Section 2.27, “Heading Levels” of Ch. 2, “Paper Elements and Format,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

    **Conclusion**

    The final Level 1 heading in every paper is for the conclusion section and eliminates the need to add “in summary” or “in conclusion” as the start of the final paragraph. In the conclusion, the writer summarizes the key points made in the paper with no new information or analysis. The conclusion is simply a recap of the most notable information presented in the paper.

    ## References

    **Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
    [Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix.

    When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

    **Journal Article Example**

    Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
    _Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

    https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304

    **Authored Book Example**

    Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
    _Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

    **Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

    Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
    _The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11

    Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

    Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

    ## image1.png

    **articleweek4.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleweek4-pdf)

    **Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/student-responsiveness-towards1-pdf)

    **Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/honoring-black-male-students-t-pdf)

  • [Solved] Discussion Question

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

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    I have attached the readings and Directions. – 2 years ago **files (4)** – ## Module2Discussion.docx – Chapter5.pdf – Chapter2.pdf – Chapter3.pdf **## Module2Discussion.docx** **Module 2 Discussion** Action Items 1. By the due date indicated, create your initial post based on the following prompt: …

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    I have attached the readings and Directions.

    – 2 years ago

    **files (4)**

    – ## Module2Discussion.docx

    – Chapter5.pdf
    – Chapter2.pdf
    – Chapter3.pdf

    **## Module2Discussion.docx**

    **Module 2 Discussion**

    Action Items

    1. By the due date indicated, create your initial post based on the following prompt:

    · Schools and institutions are seeing a growing need for data-driven decisions. Analyze ways in which institutions are currently using research and data. Explain why it is important to make data-informed decisions and to conduct program evaluations. How can institutions communicate this information with stakeholders to improve partnerships?

    **Chapter5.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter5-pdf-10151885)

    **Chapter2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter2-pdf-10151881)

    **Chapter3.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter3-pdf-10151883)

    **Chapter3.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter3-pdf-10151883)

    **## Module2Discussion.docx**

    **Module 2 Discussion**

    Action Items

    1. By the due date indicated, create your initial post based on the following prompt:

    · Schools and institutions are seeing a growing need for data-driven decisions. Analyze ways in which institutions are currently using research and data. Explain why it is important to make data-informed decisions and to conduct program evaluations. How can institutions communicate this information with stakeholders to improve partnerships?

    **Chapter5.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter5-pdf-10151885)

    **Chapter2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter2-pdf-10151881)

    **Chapter3.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter3-pdf-10151883)

    **## Module2Discussion.docx**

    **Module 2 Discussion**

    Action Items

    1. By the due date indicated, create your initial post based on the following prompt:

    · Schools and institutions are seeing a growing need for data-driven decisions. Analyze ways in which institutions are currently using research and data. Explain why it is important to make data-informed decisions and to conduct program evaluations. How can institutions communicate this information with stakeholders to improve partnerships?

    **Chapter5.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter5-pdf-10151885)

    **Chapter2.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter2-pdf-10151881)

    **Chapter3.pdf**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chapter3-pdf-10151883)

  • [Solved] EDU 530 Week 1 Discussion

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    **Module 1 Discussion** ![null](https://media-as.academicpartnerships.com/STU/STU_header.png) ## ![icon](https://media-as.academicpartnerships.com/STU/STU_Icon_Discussion.png)_**Data Use & Teaching**_ #### **Directions:** To make the best use of data, educators must go beyond the big tests and invol…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    **Module 1 Discussion**

    ![null](https://media-as.academicpartnerships.com/STU/STU_header.png)

    ## ![icon](https://media-as.academicpartnerships.com/STU/STU_Icon_Discussion.png)_**Data Use & Teaching**_

    #### **Directions:**

    To make the best use of data, educators must go beyond the big tests and involve teachers and students in collecting and analyzing data. After studying [Module 1: Lecture Materials & Resources](https://stu.instructure.com/courses/43262/pages/module-1-lecture-materials-and-resources "Module 1: Lecture Materials & Resources"), discuss the following:

    – **Education Majors:**
    – How can educators effectively involve both teachers and students in the data collection and analysis process?
    – What challenges might arise from this approach, and how can they be addressed to ensure data-driven decision-making benefits the learning environment?
    – **Instructional Design Majors:**
    – As an instructional designer, how would you design a framework that involves both teachers and students in the process of collecting and analyzing data?
    – What tools, strategies, or methods would you recommend to ensure the data collected is meaningful and actionable for improving learning outcomes?

    #### **Submission Requirements:**

    – Each post is to be clear and concise, and students will lose points for improper grammar, punctuation, and misspelling.
    – Your initial post should be at least 200 words, formatted and cited in current APA style. You should research and reference one article, as well as reference the textbook readings.

    – [\
    \
    EDU530Week1Module1.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/edu530week1module1-docx "EDU530Week1Module1.docx")
    – [\
    \
    chptr6.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chptr6-pdf "chptr6.pdf")
    – [\
    \
    Chptr7.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chptr7-pdf "Chptr7.pdf")
    – [\
    \
    Chptr9.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chptr9-pdf "Chptr9.pdf")
    – [\
    \
    Chptr8.pdf](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/chptr8-pdf "Chptr8.pdf")

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Cultural differences 2

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## Culturaldifferences.pdf **## Culturaldifferences.pdf** Having previously read about the following topics: awareness of cultural differences, cultural differences and global/domestic business interactions, cross-cultural communication, and cultural sensitivity, develo…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Culturaldifferences.pdf

    **## Culturaldifferences.pdf**

    Having previously read about the following topics: awareness of cultural differences,
    cultural differences and global/domestic business interactions, cross-cultural
    communication, and cultural sensitivity, develop a presentation that discusses the value
    of effective organizational communication. Specifically, your presentation should include
    the following:

    1. Demonstrate awareness of cultural differences in global and domestic
    business interactions

    2. Analyze the role of organizational communication in the shaping of culture
    3. Explain the importance of cultural sensitivity when working with international

    students and clients

    You can develop a presentation in any format (Google Slides, PowerPoint, Prezi, Zoom,
    etc.) with an added Voice-Over Component or Screencast that walks through your
    presentation as you narrate with audio. This presentation can be developed using any
    tool that you feel most comfortable with that allows the functionality of a shared screen
    with an audio component, such as a Zoom recording, MS PowerPoint with Voice-Over,
    or a Google Slides/PPT that you walk through using a tool like Screencast-O-Matic. The
    purpose of this activity is to display your ability to communicate effectively in written and
    oral formats while explaining your understanding of cultural awareness and
    organizational communication across diverse cultures.

    **## Culturaldifferences.pdf**

    Having previously read about the following topics: awareness of cultural differences,
    cultural differences and global/domestic business interactions, cross-cultural
    communication, and cultural sensitivity, develop a presentation that discusses the value
    of effective organizational communication. Specifically, your presentation should include
    the following:

    1. Demonstrate awareness of cultural differences in global and domestic
    business interactions

    2. Analyze the role of organizational communication in the shaping of culture
    3. Explain the importance of cultural sensitivity when working with international

    students and clients

    You can develop a presentation in any format (Google Slides, PowerPoint, Prezi, Zoom,
    etc.) with an added Voice-Over Component or Screencast that walks through your
    presentation as you narrate with audio. This presentation can be developed using any
    tool that you feel most comfortable with that allows the functionality of a shared screen
    with an audio component, such as a Zoom recording, MS PowerPoint with Voice-Over,
    or a Google Slides/PPT that you walk through using a tool like Screencast-O-Matic. The
    purpose of this activity is to display your ability to communicate effectively in written and
    oral formats while explaining your understanding of cultural awareness and
    organizational communication across diverse cultures.

  • [Solved] Early Intervention of Developmental Disabilities

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – What of the following do you believe is the most influential factor in the implementation of a particular home visiting program and why? – Infant and family characteristics – Needs and preferences – Purpose and philosophy of early intervention, – Use of activities or strategies – Personnel involve…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – What of the following do you believe is the most influential factor in the implementation of a particular home visiting program and why?
    – Infant and family characteristics
    – Needs and preferences
    – Purpose and philosophy of early intervention,
    – Use of activities or strategies
    – Personnel involved?
    – Please make sure to include a reference to support your initial posting and to cite the reference within the narrative and to list it at the end of your posting.

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Early Intervention of Developmental Disabilities

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    **Posting #4** – Identify and discuss at least 3 specific caregiver-child communication behaviors that support communication development. Which do you believe to be the most influential and why? – Please make sure to include a reference to support your initial posting and to cite the reference withi…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    **Posting #4**

    – Identify and discuss at least 3 specific caregiver-child communication behaviors that support communication development. Which do you believe to be the most influential and why?
    – Please make sure to include a reference to support your initial posting and to cite the reference within the narrative and to list it at the end of your posting.

    – 2 years ago