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    2

    **Business Policy and Strategy PHI 4302 Unit III Case Study**

    Select a
    _Fortune 500_ company and imagine that you work as a strategist for your selected company. As you read through the Required Unit Resources, pay close attention to your firm’s strategy, and write a case study analyzing the following points:

    · Examine your firm’s internal strengths and weaknesses. How can organizational relationships improve performance in the firm?

    · How does the firm’s growth fit into the firm’s mission and vision statements?

    · Who are your firm’s competitors?

    · Do you see your firm’s strategy as effective or ineffective? Why?

    Your completed case study must be at least two pages in length, and you must use your textbook as one reference, and the CSU library as a second reference. Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. APA formatting, however, is not necessary.

    **## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Analyze external and internal audit processes.
    3.1 Examine a company’s internal and external strengths and weaknesses.

    8. Assess the strategy evaluation process.

    8.1 Determine the effectiveness of a business strategy.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: The External Assessment

    Chapter 4: The Internal Assessment

    Unit Lesson

    External Assessments

    During this unit, we will explore the factors that impact an internal and external assessment. Let us begin with
    the external assessment. To effectively develop a successful strategic plan, the organization must be aware
    and adapt to the external environments. These environments include identifying and incorporating trends
    affecting their stakeholders. These trends can shift and be affected by the economy, competition, tax burdens,
    and many other factors.

    As an example, consider Chipotle Mexican Grill. Chipotle is a chain of about 1,700 restaurants in the United
    States and in several other countries. Chipotle Mexican Grill is considered as a fast, casual dining
    establishment whose vision statement is Food With Integrity. It extends many benefits to its salaried, part-
    time, and entry-level workers. It tries to meet society’s expectations for the humane treatment of animals.
    Unlike its competitors, it is experiencing revenue growth of about 20% a year. The restaurant sector grows
    about 1% annually. Consider the sustainability of the Chipotle business strategy that invests in its workers,
    promotes its managers from within, and insists on humane operations. Do you think it will be able to maintain
    its revenue growth in 5, 10, and 20 years in a changing economy and with potential new competitors? What
    strategies would you recommend for them?

    Let us also consider external assessments outside of the United States. What happens when a company has
    reached its fullest potential within the United States? Should they remain steady, or should they seek global
    opportunities? Many organizations to include retailers, fast food, and other entities have expanded
    internationally to grow their companies. Examples include Starbucks, McDonalds, and Walmart, which can be
    found in many different countries. In addition, you may notice outside companies expanding within the United
    States. A prime example is Ikea, who continuously grows their North American operations. Organizations also
    consider the economic outlook before proceeding with development in a country. For example, China has had
    a decade long economic boom, and many corporations have taken this opportunity to expand into new
    territories, thus increasing our overall reliance on a global-based community.

    Other external factors often affecting a corporation include political, governmental, and legal challenges both
    domestically and abroad. One issue with a clear divide is minimum wage and a living wage. The minimum
    wage is determined by the government, while a living wage can be influenced by the corporation and other
    competing factors. Another governmental external factor is the Health care Reform Act, which requires
    corporations to provide health insurance for their employees. This cost can be expensive to the company and

    UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
    External and Internal Assessment

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    is generally passed on to consumers and also may decrease the overall salary of the employee. Another
    challenge is deciphering whether to tax or not to tax Internet commerce. Many states feel they are losing out
    on needed revenue due to the tax-free association with Internet sales. Some states have lobbied and passed
    bills to formally tax all internet sales transactions. Amazon.com has been an opponent of taxation but must
    abide by the state requirements.

    As we have learned, the external assessment can be a very powerful tool if approached with the correct
    perspective. If the external assessment is used in a punitive way to restructure leadership or redesign the
    business structure, we have missed the boat on the real power of the external assessment. As leaders, we
    need to have a general understanding of the industry and be able to identify areas in which competitors are
    vulnerable and be able to predict potential moves that competitors might make that could be a threat to us.
    Successful businesses are constantly looking in the rear-view mirror while, at the same time, looking well into
    the economic future (David et al., 2020). The key is to constantly be aware of the needs of the customer.

    Internal Assessments

    There is not a one size fits all related to an internal assessment of an organization. There are multiple types of
    organizations to include colleges, hospitals, retailers, and government. These entities all function differently
    and often need a customized assessment to truly assess their performance. An internal audit is the
    organization’s self-evaluation of their strength and weaknesses. The audit can better illustrate how an
    organization’s departments are incorporated and how modifications and updates can be implemented. It is
    also just as important to ensure the organization properly communicates their intent and expectations of an
    audit to their employees.

    Every organization has an organizational culture. Let us use an example of the U.S. Armed Forces; the Army
    and Air Force have a very distinctive culture, even though they are both on the same side and work toward
    the same goals. An organizational culture is defined by a pattern of behavior that an organization has
    developed to handle a problem or external threat. New members coming into the organization will often be
    integrated into the organization’s culture, thus continuing the pattern of behavior. These examples include
    ceremonial, values, beliefs, and rituals.

    Management and Marketing

    There are five main characteristics related to the activities of management. These include planning,
    organizing, motivating, staffing, and controlling.

    Function Description Stage of Strategic
    Management

    Example

    Planning Preparing for the
    future

    Strategy formulation Planning for the next release of a product or
    service

    Organizing Job description,
    control and
    coordination

    Strategy
    implementation

    Coordinating the efforts to release the product
    to include where and how

    Motivating Shaping human
    behaviors

    Strategy
    implementation

    Encouraging the company’s sales associates
    to become excited and motivated by the
    release of the new product—this excitement
    will trickle down to the consumer and other
    stakeholders.

    Staffing Human resource
    management

    Strategy
    implementation

    Identifying the right personnel for the
    organization to include implementers,
    managers, and leaders

    Controlling Results oriented,
    rewards, sanctions

    Strategy evaluation Identifying goals and rewards for top
    salesperson(s) for the new product release

    Marketing

    Marketing includes the process of creating and fulfilling a customer’s needs and wants for a particular service
    or product. Let us use an example of the energy drink Red Bull. Who are the commercials targeting for this
    beverage? The target audience can be a demographic of adventurous young adults who are seeking new

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    challenges. The commercials promote that Red Bull “gives you wings,” thus you will feel a huge rush of
    energy and will have the ability to keep going well into the night. Red Bull must also consider pricing and
    distribution in an effort to remain relevant and profitable. For example, do you feel Red Bull would be a drink
    of choice at an affluent sushi bar, or would this drink be more appropriate at a sporting venue or a late-night
    concert?

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentations below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 3 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 3 Presentation.

    Access the Chapter 4 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 4 Presentation.

    **## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Analyze external and internal audit processes.
    3.1 Examine a company’s internal and external strengths and weaknesses.

    8. Assess the strategy evaluation process.

    8.1 Determine the effectiveness of a business strategy.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: The External Assessment

    Chapter 4: The Internal Assessment

    Unit Lesson

    External Assessments

    During this unit, we will explore the factors that impact an internal and external assessment. Let us begin with
    the external assessment. To effectively develop a successful strategic plan, the organization must be aware
    and adapt to the external environments. These environments include identifying and incorporating trends
    affecting their stakeholders. These trends can shift and be affected by the economy, competition, tax burdens,
    and many other factors.

    As an example, consider Chipotle Mexican Grill. Chipotle is a chain of about 1,700 restaurants in the United
    States and in several other countries. Chipotle Mexican Grill is considered as a fast, casual dining
    establishment whose vision statement is Food With Integrity. It extends many benefits to its salaried, part-
    time, and entry-level workers. It tries to meet society’s expectations for the humane treatment of animals.
    Unlike its competitors, it is experiencing revenue growth of about 20% a year. The restaurant sector grows
    about 1% annually. Consider the sustainability of the Chipotle business strategy that invests in its workers,
    promotes its managers from within, and insists on humane operations. Do you think it will be able to maintain
    its revenue growth in 5, 10, and 20 years in a changing economy and with potential new competitors? What
    strategies would you recommend for them?

    Let us also consider external assessments outside of the United States. What happens when a company has
    reached its fullest potential within the United States? Should they remain steady, or should they seek global
    opportunities? Many organizations to include retailers, fast food, and other entities have expanded
    internationally to grow their companies. Examples include Starbucks, McDonalds, and Walmart, which can be
    found in many different countries. In addition, you may notice outside companies expanding within the United
    States. A prime example is Ikea, who continuously grows their North American operations. Organizations also
    consider the economic outlook before proceeding with development in a country. For example, China has had
    a decade long economic boom, and many corporations have taken this opportunity to expand into new
    territories, thus increasing our overall reliance on a global-based community.

    Other external factors often affecting a corporation include political, governmental, and legal challenges both
    domestically and abroad. One issue with a clear divide is minimum wage and a living wage. The minimum
    wage is determined by the government, while a living wage can be influenced by the corporation and other
    competing factors. Another governmental external factor is the Health care Reform Act, which requires
    corporations to provide health insurance for their employees. This cost can be expensive to the company and

    UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
    External and Internal Assessment

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    is generally passed on to consumers and also may decrease the overall salary of the employee. Another
    challenge is deciphering whether to tax or not to tax Internet commerce. Many states feel they are losing out
    on needed revenue due to the tax-free association with Internet sales. Some states have lobbied and passed
    bills to formally tax all internet sales transactions. Amazon.com has been an opponent of taxation but must
    abide by the state requirements.

    As we have learned, the external assessment can be a very powerful tool if approached with the correct
    perspective. If the external assessment is used in a punitive way to restructure leadership or redesign the
    business structure, we have missed the boat on the real power of the external assessment. As leaders, we
    need to have a general understanding of the industry and be able to identify areas in which competitors are
    vulnerable and be able to predict potential moves that competitors might make that could be a threat to us.
    Successful businesses are constantly looking in the rear-view mirror while, at the same time, looking well into
    the economic future (David et al., 2020). The key is to constantly be aware of the needs of the customer.

    Internal Assessments

    There is not a one size fits all related to an internal assessment of an organization. There are multiple types of
    organizations to include colleges, hospitals, retailers, and government. These entities all function differently
    and often need a customized assessment to truly assess their performance. An internal audit is the
    organization’s self-evaluation of their strength and weaknesses. The audit can better illustrate how an
    organization’s departments are incorporated and how modifications and updates can be implemented. It is
    also just as important to ensure the organization properly communicates their intent and expectations of an
    audit to their employees.

    Every organization has an organizational culture. Let us use an example of the U.S. Armed Forces; the Army
    and Air Force have a very distinctive culture, even though they are both on the same side and work toward
    the same goals. An organizational culture is defined by a pattern of behavior that an organization has
    developed to handle a problem or external threat. New members coming into the organization will often be
    integrated into the organization’s culture, thus continuing the pattern of behavior. These examples include
    ceremonial, values, beliefs, and rituals.

    Management and Marketing

    There are five main characteristics related to the activities of management. These include planning,
    organizing, motivating, staffing, and controlling.

    Function Description Stage of Strategic
    Management

    Example

    Planning Preparing for the
    future

    Strategy formulation Planning for the next release of a product or
    service

    Organizing Job description,
    control and
    coordination

    Strategy
    implementation

    Coordinating the efforts to release the product
    to include where and how

    Motivating Shaping human
    behaviors

    Strategy
    implementation

    Encouraging the company’s sales associates
    to become excited and motivated by the
    release of the new product—this excitement
    will trickle down to the consumer and other
    stakeholders.

    Staffing Human resource
    management

    Strategy
    implementation

    Identifying the right personnel for the
    organization to include implementers,
    managers, and leaders

    Controlling Results oriented,
    rewards, sanctions

    Strategy evaluation Identifying goals and rewards for top
    salesperson(s) for the new product release

    Marketing

    Marketing includes the process of creating and fulfilling a customer’s needs and wants for a particular service
    or product. Let us use an example of the energy drink Red Bull. Who are the commercials targeting for this
    beverage? The target audience can be a demographic of adventurous young adults who are seeking new

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    challenges. The commercials promote that Red Bull “gives you wings,” thus you will feel a huge rush of
    energy and will have the ability to keep going well into the night. Red Bull must also consider pricing and
    distribution in an effort to remain relevant and profitable. For example, do you feel Red Bull would be a drink
    of choice at an affluent sushi bar, or would this drink be more appropriate at a sporting venue or a late-night
    concert?

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentations below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 3 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 3 Presentation.

    Access the Chapter 4 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 4 Presentation.

    **## BusinessPolicyandStrategyPHI4302_UnitIIICaseStudy.docx**

    2

    **Business Policy and Strategy PHI 4302 Unit III Case Study**

    Select a
    _Fortune 500_ company and imagine that you work as a strategist for your selected company. As you read through the Required Unit Resources, pay close attention to your firm’s strategy, and write a case study analyzing the following points:

    · Examine your firm’s internal strengths and weaknesses. How can organizational relationships improve performance in the firm?

    · How does the firm’s growth fit into the firm’s mission and vision statements?

    · Who are your firm’s competitors?

    · Do you see your firm’s strategy as effective or ineffective? Why?

    Your completed case study must be at least two pages in length, and you must use your textbook as one reference, and the CSU library as a second reference. Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. APA formatting, however, is not necessary.

    **## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Analyze external and internal audit processes.
    3.1 Examine a company’s internal and external strengths and weaknesses.

    8. Assess the strategy evaluation process.

    8.1 Determine the effectiveness of a business strategy.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: The External Assessment

    Chapter 4: The Internal Assessment

    Unit Lesson

    External Assessments

    During this unit, we will explore the factors that impact an internal and external assessment. Let us begin with
    the external assessment. To effectively develop a successful strategic plan, the organization must be aware
    and adapt to the external environments. These environments include identifying and incorporating trends
    affecting their stakeholders. These trends can shift and be affected by the economy, competition, tax burdens,
    and many other factors.

    As an example, consider Chipotle Mexican Grill. Chipotle is a chain of about 1,700 restaurants in the United
    States and in several other countries. Chipotle Mexican Grill is considered as a fast, casual dining
    establishment whose vision statement is Food With Integrity. It extends many benefits to its salaried, part-
    time, and entry-level workers. It tries to meet society’s expectations for the humane treatment of animals.
    Unlike its competitors, it is experiencing revenue growth of about 20% a year. The restaurant sector grows
    about 1% annually. Consider the sustainability of the Chipotle business strategy that invests in its workers,
    promotes its managers from within, and insists on humane operations. Do you think it will be able to maintain
    its revenue growth in 5, 10, and 20 years in a changing economy and with potential new competitors? What
    strategies would you recommend for them?

    Let us also consider external assessments outside of the United States. What happens when a company has
    reached its fullest potential within the United States? Should they remain steady, or should they seek global
    opportunities? Many organizations to include retailers, fast food, and other entities have expanded
    internationally to grow their companies. Examples include Starbucks, McDonalds, and Walmart, which can be
    found in many different countries. In addition, you may notice outside companies expanding within the United
    States. A prime example is Ikea, who continuously grows their North American operations. Organizations also
    consider the economic outlook before proceeding with development in a country. For example, China has had
    a decade long economic boom, and many corporations have taken this opportunity to expand into new
    territories, thus increasing our overall reliance on a global-based community.

    Other external factors often affecting a corporation include political, governmental, and legal challenges both
    domestically and abroad. One issue with a clear divide is minimum wage and a living wage. The minimum
    wage is determined by the government, while a living wage can be influenced by the corporation and other
    competing factors. Another governmental external factor is the Health care Reform Act, which requires
    corporations to provide health insurance for their employees. This cost can be expensive to the company and

    UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
    External and Internal Assessment

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    is generally passed on to consumers and also may decrease the overall salary of the employee. Another
    challenge is deciphering whether to tax or not to tax Internet commerce. Many states feel they are losing out
    on needed revenue due to the tax-free association with Internet sales. Some states have lobbied and passed
    bills to formally tax all internet sales transactions. Amazon.com has been an opponent of taxation but must
    abide by the state requirements.

    As we have learned, the external assessment can be a very powerful tool if approached with the correct
    perspective. If the external assessment is used in a punitive way to restructure leadership or redesign the
    business structure, we have missed the boat on the real power of the external assessment. As leaders, we
    need to have a general understanding of the industry and be able to identify areas in which competitors are
    vulnerable and be able to predict potential moves that competitors might make that could be a threat to us.
    Successful businesses are constantly looking in the rear-view mirror while, at the same time, looking well into
    the economic future (David et al., 2020). The key is to constantly be aware of the needs of the customer.

    Internal Assessments

    There is not a one size fits all related to an internal assessment of an organization. There are multiple types of
    organizations to include colleges, hospitals, retailers, and government. These entities all function differently
    and often need a customized assessment to truly assess their performance. An internal audit is the
    organization’s self-evaluation of their strength and weaknesses. The audit can better illustrate how an
    organization’s departments are incorporated and how modifications and updates can be implemented. It is
    also just as important to ensure the organization properly communicates their intent and expectations of an
    audit to their employees.

    Every organization has an organizational culture. Let us use an example of the U.S. Armed Forces; the Army
    and Air Force have a very distinctive culture, even though they are both on the same side and work toward
    the same goals. An organizational culture is defined by a pattern of behavior that an organization has
    developed to handle a problem or external threat. New members coming into the organization will often be
    integrated into the organization’s culture, thus continuing the pattern of behavior. These examples include
    ceremonial, values, beliefs, and rituals.

    Management and Marketing

    There are five main characteristics related to the activities of management. These include planning,
    organizing, motivating, staffing, and controlling.

    Function Description Stage of Strategic
    Management

    Example

    Planning Preparing for the
    future

    Strategy formulation Planning for the next release of a product or
    service

    Organizing Job description,
    control and
    coordination

    Strategy
    implementation

    Coordinating the efforts to release the product
    to include where and how

    Motivating Shaping human
    behaviors

    Strategy
    implementation

    Encouraging the company’s sales associates
    to become excited and motivated by the
    release of the new product—this excitement
    will trickle down to the consumer and other
    stakeholders.

    Staffing Human resource
    management

    Strategy
    implementation

    Identifying the right personnel for the
    organization to include implementers,
    managers, and leaders

    Controlling Results oriented,
    rewards, sanctions

    Strategy evaluation Identifying goals and rewards for top
    salesperson(s) for the new product release

    Marketing

    Marketing includes the process of creating and fulfilling a customer’s needs and wants for a particular service
    or product. Let us use an example of the energy drink Red Bull. Who are the commercials targeting for this
    beverage? The target audience can be a demographic of adventurous young adults who are seeking new

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    challenges. The commercials promote that Red Bull “gives you wings,” thus you will feel a huge rush of
    energy and will have the ability to keep going well into the night. Red Bull must also consider pricing and
    distribution in an effort to remain relevant and profitable. For example, do you feel Red Bull would be a drink
    of choice at an affluent sushi bar, or would this drink be more appropriate at a sporting venue or a late-night
    concert?

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentations below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 3 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 3 Presentation.

    Access the Chapter 4 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 4 Presentation.

    **## BusinessPolicyandStrategyPHI4302_UnitIIICaseStudy.docx**

    2

    **Business Policy and Strategy PHI 4302 Unit III Case Study**

    Select a
    _Fortune 500_ company and imagine that you work as a strategist for your selected company. As you read through the Required Unit Resources, pay close attention to your firm’s strategy, and write a case study analyzing the following points:

    · Examine your firm’s internal strengths and weaknesses. How can organizational relationships improve performance in the firm?

    · How does the firm’s growth fit into the firm’s mission and vision statements?

    · Who are your firm’s competitors?

    · Do you see your firm’s strategy as effective or ineffective? Why?

    Your completed case study must be at least two pages in length, and you must use your textbook as one reference, and the CSU library as a second reference. Adhere to APA Style when creating citations and references for this assignment. APA formatting, however, is not necessary.

    **## UnitIIIStudyGuide.pdf**

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 1

    Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III

    Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

    3. Analyze external and internal audit processes.
    3.1 Examine a company’s internal and external strengths and weaknesses.

    8. Assess the strategy evaluation process.

    8.1 Determine the effectiveness of a business strategy.

    Required Unit Resources

    Chapter 3: The External Assessment

    Chapter 4: The Internal Assessment

    Unit Lesson

    External Assessments

    During this unit, we will explore the factors that impact an internal and external assessment. Let us begin with
    the external assessment. To effectively develop a successful strategic plan, the organization must be aware
    and adapt to the external environments. These environments include identifying and incorporating trends
    affecting their stakeholders. These trends can shift and be affected by the economy, competition, tax burdens,
    and many other factors.

    As an example, consider Chipotle Mexican Grill. Chipotle is a chain of about 1,700 restaurants in the United
    States and in several other countries. Chipotle Mexican Grill is considered as a fast, casual dining
    establishment whose vision statement is Food With Integrity. It extends many benefits to its salaried, part-
    time, and entry-level workers. It tries to meet society’s expectations for the humane treatment of animals.
    Unlike its competitors, it is experiencing revenue growth of about 20% a year. The restaurant sector grows
    about 1% annually. Consider the sustainability of the Chipotle business strategy that invests in its workers,
    promotes its managers from within, and insists on humane operations. Do you think it will be able to maintain
    its revenue growth in 5, 10, and 20 years in a changing economy and with potential new competitors? What
    strategies would you recommend for them?

    Let us also consider external assessments outside of the United States. What happens when a company has
    reached its fullest potential within the United States? Should they remain steady, or should they seek global
    opportunities? Many organizations to include retailers, fast food, and other entities have expanded
    internationally to grow their companies. Examples include Starbucks, McDonalds, and Walmart, which can be
    found in many different countries. In addition, you may notice outside companies expanding within the United
    States. A prime example is Ikea, who continuously grows their North American operations. Organizations also
    consider the economic outlook before proceeding with development in a country. For example, China has had
    a decade long economic boom, and many corporations have taken this opportunity to expand into new
    territories, thus increasing our overall reliance on a global-based community.

    Other external factors often affecting a corporation include political, governmental, and legal challenges both
    domestically and abroad. One issue with a clear divide is minimum wage and a living wage. The minimum
    wage is determined by the government, while a living wage can be influenced by the corporation and other
    competing factors. Another governmental external factor is the Health care Reform Act, which requires
    corporations to provide health insurance for their employees. This cost can be expensive to the company and

    UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
    External and Internal Assessment

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 2

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    is generally passed on to consumers and also may decrease the overall salary of the employee. Another
    challenge is deciphering whether to tax or not to tax Internet commerce. Many states feel they are losing out
    on needed revenue due to the tax-free association with Internet sales. Some states have lobbied and passed
    bills to formally tax all internet sales transactions. Amazon.com has been an opponent of taxation but must
    abide by the state requirements.

    As we have learned, the external assessment can be a very powerful tool if approached with the correct
    perspective. If the external assessment is used in a punitive way to restructure leadership or redesign the
    business structure, we have missed the boat on the real power of the external assessment. As leaders, we
    need to have a general understanding of the industry and be able to identify areas in which competitors are
    vulnerable and be able to predict potential moves that competitors might make that could be a threat to us.
    Successful businesses are constantly looking in the rear-view mirror while, at the same time, looking well into
    the economic future (David et al., 2020). The key is to constantly be aware of the needs of the customer.

    Internal Assessments

    There is not a one size fits all related to an internal assessment of an organization. There are multiple types of
    organizations to include colleges, hospitals, retailers, and government. These entities all function differently
    and often need a customized assessment to truly assess their performance. An internal audit is the
    organization’s self-evaluation of their strength and weaknesses. The audit can better illustrate how an
    organization’s departments are incorporated and how modifications and updates can be implemented. It is
    also just as important to ensure the organization properly communicates their intent and expectations of an
    audit to their employees.

    Every organization has an organizational culture. Let us use an example of the U.S. Armed Forces; the Army
    and Air Force have a very distinctive culture, even though they are both on the same side and work toward
    the same goals. An organizational culture is defined by a pattern of behavior that an organization has
    developed to handle a problem or external threat. New members coming into the organization will often be
    integrated into the organization’s culture, thus continuing the pattern of behavior. These examples include
    ceremonial, values, beliefs, and rituals.

    Management and Marketing

    There are five main characteristics related to the activities of management. These include planning,
    organizing, motivating, staffing, and controlling.

    Function Description Stage of Strategic
    Management

    Example

    Planning Preparing for the
    future

    Strategy formulation Planning for the next release of a product or
    service

    Organizing Job description,
    control and
    coordination

    Strategy
    implementation

    Coordinating the efforts to release the product
    to include where and how

    Motivating Shaping human
    behaviors

    Strategy
    implementation

    Encouraging the company’s sales associates
    to become excited and motivated by the
    release of the new product—this excitement
    will trickle down to the consumer and other
    stakeholders.

    Staffing Human resource
    management

    Strategy
    implementation

    Identifying the right personnel for the
    organization to include implementers,
    managers, and leaders

    Controlling Results oriented,
    rewards, sanctions

    Strategy evaluation Identifying goals and rewards for top
    salesperson(s) for the new product release

    Marketing

    Marketing includes the process of creating and fulfilling a customer’s needs and wants for a particular service
    or product. Let us use an example of the energy drink Red Bull. Who are the commercials targeting for this
    beverage? The target audience can be a demographic of adventurous young adults who are seeking new

    BUS 4302, Business Policy and Strategy 3

    UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
    Title

    challenges. The commercials promote that Red Bull “gives you wings,” thus you will feel a huge rush of
    energy and will have the ability to keep going well into the night. Red Bull must also consider pricing and
    distribution in an effort to remain relevant and profitable. For example, do you feel Red Bull would be a drink
    of choice at an affluent sushi bar, or would this drink be more appropriate at a sporting venue or a late-night
    concert?

    Reference

    David, F. R., David, F. R., & David, M. E. (2020). Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,

    concepts and cases (17th ed.). Pearson. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135203736

    Suggested Unit Resources

    In order to access the following resources, click the links below.

    The chapter presentations below will provide you with additional information on this unit’s concepts.

    Access the Chapter 3 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 3 Presentation.

    Access the Chapter 4 Presentation.
    Access the PDF version of the Chapter 4 Presentation.

  • [Solved] Participation in Federal and State Politics Report

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  • [Solved] Using the below dataset calculate in Excel; R2 and p-value to determine the power of association and if your calculations are statistically significant.

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    [>Statistics homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/mathematics-statistics) Using the below dataset calculate in Excel; R2 and p-value to determine the power of association and if your calculations are statistically significant. V1 (Input Y Range) (Dependent Variable) V2 (Input X Range) (I…

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    [>Statistics homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/mathematics-statistics)

    Using the below dataset calculate in Excel; R2 and p-value to determine the power of association and if your calculations are statistically significant.

    V1 (Input Y Range) (Dependent Variable)

    V2 (Input X Range) (Independent Variable)

    12

    45

    15

    54

    17

    61

    13

    51

    18

    70

    20

    73

    22

    71

    18

    66

    25

    106

    _Hint:_ Excel Data Analysis; Regression.

    **Submission Instructions:**

    – Submit your assignment by 11:59 pm ET on Sunday.
    – It should include at least 2 academic sources, formatted and cited in APA.

    – [\
    \
    module7asig1biostat.HEIC](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/module7asig1biostat-heic "module7asig1biostat.HEIC")

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Paper on clinical research

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    **The Case: IRBs in Conflict** you are presented with a case, please see below. Review the case and answer the following questions. Your answers can be bulleted. 1. In your introductory statement, include your position on whether or not the IRB should approve the study. (5 points) 2. What are the …

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    **The Case: IRBs in Conflict**

    you are presented with a case, please see below.  Review the case and answer the following questions.  Your answers can be bulleted.

    1. In your introductory statement, include your position on whether or not the IRB should approve the study. (5 points)

    2. What are the ethical issues and points of conflict in this case? (15 points) (limit to 1 paragraph)

    3. Who are the interested parties affected by the issues/conflicts and what are their **reasonable expectations**? (5 points) (list and summarize the reasonable expectations)

    4. Depending on on your position on whether or not the IRB should approve the study, what would be the probable consequences? REMEMBER: Consequences can be multifaceted. (10 points) (limit to 1 paragraph)

    Researchers in a developing nation in South America (SA) have been studying a hereditary disorder found only in an isolated, indigenous population living deep in the jungle. They now hope they can identify the gene(s) that may be associated with the disorder in order to identify causative factors and to find interventions and targeted therapies. To accomplish this, they will need to collaborate with a qualified US researcher, Dr. Herod I. Tarry. Dr .Tarry is a world-renowned molecular biologist who is utilizing a genomic technology that is not widely available. The SA researchers would send subject blood samples to Dr. Tarry's U.S. lab for testing.

    The SA researchers submitted a protocol amendment to the South America Institutional Review Board (SAIRB), which is the IRB of record for the study. The protocol amendment added Dr. Tarry to the study team and added the genomic research. In addition, the SAIRB-approved informed consent form (ICF) was revised to include information about the blood draw for genomic analysis. The SA researchers’ revised protocol and consent form were approved by the SAIRB in compliance with South America's research regulatory requirements.

    Per his institution’s requirements, Dr. Tarry must get approval for his work on the international study from the institution’s IRB (Amazing IRB). Dr. Tarry submits the SAIRB-approved documents in a proposal to the Amazing IRB. Dr. Tarry is asked to present the SA hereditary disorder study at the next convened meeting for Amazing IRB.

    The Amazing IRB members are not receptive to the proposal, in large part due to the perceived quality of the ICF. The SAIRB-approved ICF is a single-spaced, typed page (about 550 words). It includes a description of the study, the procedures (including the blood draw for genomic analysis), risks, benefits, and confidentiality protections. However, the details are more limited than the Amazing IRB usually sees.

    While the consent technically meets all the required US regulatory elements for informed consent, the Amazing IRB members feel it is far below US standards for consent documents. Dr. Tarry acknowledges the consent document is not written like consents are in the US. He states he is not consenting subjects for this study and he will not have any contact with them. He points out to the IRB members that the consent document is acceptable by the SA research regulatory standards and he hopes the Amazing IRB will approve the study and the consent as is. In final comments, he notes his role in the research can be very beneficial to the study population and as such it is extremely important for him to participate in the genomic research.

    Textbook: Emanuel, E. J. Grady, C. Crouch, Lei, R.K., Miller, F.G. and Wendler, D.

    (2011) “The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics”. ISBN: 9780199768639 (Book

    must be purchased) N.B: 2008 version is also acceptable. Book is available has hard copy

    or e-version

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Using the accompanying dataset import it into SPSS and produced the following tables:

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    [>Statistics homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/mathematics-statistics) **Instructions:** Using the accompanying dataset import it into SPSS and produced the following tables: Descriptives and the test for homogeneity of variance and the Tukey post hoc test. [Final project dataset](htt…

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    [>Statistics homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/mathematics-statistics)

    **Instructions:**

    Using the accompanying dataset import it into SPSS and produced the following tables:

    Descriptives and the test for homogeneity of variance and the Tukey post hoc test.

    [Final project dataset](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/34986/files/8803022?wrap=1 "HESC_700_M8_Final Project Dataset.xls") [Download Final project dataset](https://agmu.instructure.com/courses/34986/files/8803022/download?download_frd=1)

    **Submission Instructions:**

    – Submit your assignment by 11:59 pm ET on Saturday.
    – Attach your SPSS readout.

    – [\
    \
    module8asigm1finalproyect.HEIC](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/module8asigm1finalproyect-heic "module8asigm1finalproyect.HEIC")
    – [\
    \
    HESC_700_M8_FinalProjectDataset.xls](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/hesc-700-m8-finalprojectdataset-xls "HESC_700_M8_FinalProjectDataset.xls")

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Nursing Nur 512 assignment

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    – [\ \ IMG_6900.jpeg](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-6900-jpeg "IMG_6900.jpeg") – 2 years ago

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    – [\
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    IMG_6900.jpeg](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/img-6900-jpeg "IMG_6900.jpeg")

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Thesis II

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    [>Criminal homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/law-criminal) ## Thesis **ThesisII:** Exploring systemic inequalities and the interplay of race, gender, and social class on sentencing outcomes in the state of Virginia.**Research Question**: how do race, social class, and gender intersect…

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    [>Criminal homework help](https://www.sweetstudy.com/fields/law-criminal)

    ## Thesis

    **ThesisII:** Exploring systemic inequalities and the interplay of race, gender, and social class on sentencing outcomes in the state of Virginia.**Research Question**: how do race, social class, and gender intersect to influence sentencing outcomes in the Virginia justice system?Write a thesis using the table of contents (order of paper)Analyzing data collected from secondary data from a 10-year range 2010-2020 collecting data from Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission, Virginia Department of Corrections, and State Court System Databases.Explain the data (FINDINGS) analyzed and how it aligns with The Intersectionality TheoryAnalyze data researched (FINDINGS) using quantitative analysis method and inferential and descriptive statistics.Use Stratified sampling Use the table of contents to structure

    Thesis II:

    **Table of Contents**

    Abstract…………………………………………….…………………………………

    List of Tables  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

    List of Figures

    Abbreviations…

    Chapter One

    Introduction…..

    Statement of the Problem…

    Purpose of Study….

    Significance of Study…

    Chapter Two…

    Literature Review…

    Theoretical Framework…

    Research Questions…

    Chapter Three…

    Methodology…

    Research Design …

    Sample/Sampling

    Procedures for Data Collection …………………………………………..                                    Procedures for Data Analysis …

    Ethical Considerations/Con

    NOTE: Thesis I Proposal is attached that was completed earlier

    – [\
    \
    ThesisIProposalFall2024FINALCOPY.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/thesisiproposalfall2024finalcopy-docx "ThesisIProposalFall2024FINALCOPY.docx")

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] new work 3

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  • [Solved] Theory matrix wk 2

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    Hello, this theory that you are. to do is (Group Theory). we have one due each week. – 2 years ago **files (2)** – ## TheoryMatrixExample.docx – TheoryMatrixweek2.docx **## TheoryMatrixExample.docx** **Table of Context** | | | | — | — | | **Theory** | **Page Numbers** | | Great Man | 3 | | Trait…

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    Hello, this theory that you are. to do is (Group Theory). we have one due each week.

    – 2 years ago

    **files (2)**

    – ## TheoryMatrixExample.docx

    – TheoryMatrixweek2.docx

    **## TheoryMatrixExample.docx**

    **Table of Context**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Theory** | **Page Numbers** |
    | Great Man | 3 |
    | Trait (Big 5) | 4-6 |
    | Skills Based Approach | |
    | Behavioral Approach | |
    | Leader Emergence | |
    | Bases of Power | |
    | Leadership and Influence | |
    | Situational Theory | |
    | Path-Goal Theory | |

    **Great Man Theory**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | Scholars | Thomas Carlyle, 1841 |
    | Vital Information <br>_Foundations, Arguments, Assumptions_ | Argument: Born vs Made<br>· Hero worship<br>· Godly power to shape the world<br>Explanation:<br>History is fundamentally shaped by the actions of extraordinary people. Historical progress is thought to be shaped by and the product of these leaders. The theory emphasizes individual agency over collective or systemic factors, suggesting that the essence of history lies in the influence of powerful/gifted people. |
    | Research: <br>_Reference list of some of the articles and publications related to this model/theory_ | Mouton, 2019<br>De Hoogh et al., 2015<br>Spector, 2015<br>Marturano, 2024<br>Bass, 2008<br>Jango, 1982 |
    | Applications<br>_Examples_ | Napoleon, George Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mohandas Gandhi (considered within Great Man theory as one with the skills to be able to lead masses to revolutionize India). |
    | Context<br>_Relates to other theories_ | Great Man theory is a foundation for the other theories of leadership. It emphasizes that history is shaped by charismatic leaders. It differs from leadership theories that followed, like trait theory, which measures leadership traits, or behavioral theory, which assumes that leadership is a learned practice. |
    | Notes:<br>_Reflections etc._ | · Great Man theory assumes that great men make good plans and bad men make bad plans; thus, great men are those who lead (Mouton, 2019)<br>· Great Man theory is based on the belief that some people have inherent power that allows them to shape history (Spector, 2015)<br>· Can take several shapes: prophet, poet, priest, king (Marturano, 2024)<br>· People were born with certain traits and that only great people possessed the traits to be leaders (Bass 2008 & Jango, 1982, as cited in Northhouse, P.G. 2021.) |

    **Trait Theory**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | Scholars | Stogdill (1948)<br>Kirkpatrick & Locke (1991)<br>Lord, DeVader, & Alliger (1986)<br>Mann (1959)<br>Table taken from Northhouse, P.G. 2021: |
    | Vital Information <br>_Foundations, Arguments, Assumptions_ | Stogdill found traits that were positively associated with leadership: <br>· Drive for responsibility and task completion <br>· Vigor and persistence in pursuit of goals<br>· Risk-taking and originality in problem-solving <br>· Drive to exercise initiative in social situations<br>· Willingness to accept consequences of decisions and actions <br>· Readiness to absorb interpersonal stress<br>· Willingness to tolerate frustration and delay <br>· Ability to influence other people’s behavior<br>· Capacity to structure social interaction systems to the purpose at hand<br>Mann found six traits: <br>· Masculinity<br>· Intelligence <br>· Adjustments <br>· Dominance <br>· Extraversion <br>· Conservatism <br>Table taken from Northhouse, P.G. 2021:<br>![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/theory-matrix-wk-2) |
    | Research: <br>_Reference list of some of the articles and publications related to this model/theory_ | Ribeiro et al., 2024<br>Wyatt & Silvester, 2018 |
    | Applications<br>_Examples_ | · Not everyone can have the Big 5 qualities. It is possible for people to display some of the qualities and not others. Some may be stronger than others. <br>· Example: <br>· Musk’s Big Five traits: He’s open to new ideas and takes big risks, like with SpaceX and Tesla. He’s also really disciplined and focused, though sometimes he takes projects that are too big/too many projects at one time. His extraversion is more hidden, like how he uses Twitter to share his ideas and get people behind him, more currently, his political roles and position within Trump's government. It seems that his agreeableness is not the best. He is described as not easy to get along with. His neuroticism shows in how he handles stress but uses it to stay motivated. Openness seems to be the biggest factor contributing to his success because it leads him to create new ideas and take risks. |
    | Context<br>_Relates to other theories_ | · Because trait theory has roots in the idea that some people have leadership traits and some people do, it is linked to Great Man theory.<br>· More research has been dedicated to trait theory than other theories.<br>· Situational <br>· Situational theory is related to trait theory in that both focus on leadership effectiveness, but they emphasize different factors. While trait theory asserts that certain inherent qualities or traits make someone a good leader, situational theory suggests that effective leadership depends on the situation or context, and the leader must adapt their style to the specific circumstances. |
    | Notes:<br>_Reflections etc._ | · Trait theory posits that leadership is derived from innate and measurable traits that make one a good leader (Riberio et al., 2024)<br>· A leader with specific leadership traits in one situation may not be a leader in another situation (Stogdill, 1948)<br>· Effective leaders are distinct types of people (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991)<br>· Failed to find a solid/definitive list of traits (Northhouse, P.G. 2021) |

    1

    ## image1.png

    **TheoryMatrixweek2.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/theorymatrixweek2-docx)

    **TheoryMatrixweek2.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/theorymatrixweek2-docx)

    **## TheoryMatrixExample.docx**

    **Table of Context**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Theory** | **Page Numbers** |
    | Great Man | 3 |
    | Trait (Big 5) | 4-6 |
    | Skills Based Approach | |
    | Behavioral Approach | |
    | Leader Emergence | |
    | Bases of Power | |
    | Leadership and Influence | |
    | Situational Theory | |
    | Path-Goal Theory | |

    **Great Man Theory**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | Scholars | Thomas Carlyle, 1841 |
    | Vital Information <br>_Foundations, Arguments, Assumptions_ | Argument: Born vs Made<br>· Hero worship<br>· Godly power to shape the world<br>Explanation:<br>History is fundamentally shaped by the actions of extraordinary people. Historical progress is thought to be shaped by and the product of these leaders. The theory emphasizes individual agency over collective or systemic factors, suggesting that the essence of history lies in the influence of powerful/gifted people. |
    | Research: <br>_Reference list of some of the articles and publications related to this model/theory_ | Mouton, 2019<br>De Hoogh et al., 2015<br>Spector, 2015<br>Marturano, 2024<br>Bass, 2008<br>Jango, 1982 |
    | Applications<br>_Examples_ | Napoleon, George Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mohandas Gandhi (considered within Great Man theory as one with the skills to be able to lead masses to revolutionize India). |
    | Context<br>_Relates to other theories_ | Great Man theory is a foundation for the other theories of leadership. It emphasizes that history is shaped by charismatic leaders. It differs from leadership theories that followed, like trait theory, which measures leadership traits, or behavioral theory, which assumes that leadership is a learned practice. |
    | Notes:<br>_Reflections etc._ | · Great Man theory assumes that great men make good plans and bad men make bad plans; thus, great men are those who lead (Mouton, 2019)<br>· Great Man theory is based on the belief that some people have inherent power that allows them to shape history (Spector, 2015)<br>· Can take several shapes: prophet, poet, priest, king (Marturano, 2024)<br>· People were born with certain traits and that only great people possessed the traits to be leaders (Bass 2008 & Jango, 1982, as cited in Northhouse, P.G. 2021.) |

    **Trait Theory**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | Scholars | Stogdill (1948)<br>Kirkpatrick & Locke (1991)<br>Lord, DeVader, & Alliger (1986)<br>Mann (1959)<br>Table taken from Northhouse, P.G. 2021: |
    | Vital Information <br>_Foundations, Arguments, Assumptions_ | Stogdill found traits that were positively associated with leadership: <br>· Drive for responsibility and task completion <br>· Vigor and persistence in pursuit of goals<br>· Risk-taking and originality in problem-solving <br>· Drive to exercise initiative in social situations<br>· Willingness to accept consequences of decisions and actions <br>· Readiness to absorb interpersonal stress<br>· Willingness to tolerate frustration and delay <br>· Ability to influence other people’s behavior<br>· Capacity to structure social interaction systems to the purpose at hand<br>Mann found six traits: <br>· Masculinity<br>· Intelligence <br>· Adjustments <br>· Dominance <br>· Extraversion <br>· Conservatism <br>Table taken from Northhouse, P.G. 2021:<br>![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/theory-matrix-wk-2) |
    | Research: <br>_Reference list of some of the articles and publications related to this model/theory_ | Ribeiro et al., 2024<br>Wyatt & Silvester, 2018 |
    | Applications<br>_Examples_ | · Not everyone can have the Big 5 qualities. It is possible for people to display some of the qualities and not others. Some may be stronger than others. <br>· Example: <br>· Musk’s Big Five traits: He’s open to new ideas and takes big risks, like with SpaceX and Tesla. He’s also really disciplined and focused, though sometimes he takes projects that are too big/too many projects at one time. His extraversion is more hidden, like how he uses Twitter to share his ideas and get people behind him, more currently, his political roles and position within Trump's government. It seems that his agreeableness is not the best. He is described as not easy to get along with. His neuroticism shows in how he handles stress but uses it to stay motivated. Openness seems to be the biggest factor contributing to his success because it leads him to create new ideas and take risks. |
    | Context<br>_Relates to other theories_ | · Because trait theory has roots in the idea that some people have leadership traits and some people do, it is linked to Great Man theory.<br>· More research has been dedicated to trait theory than other theories.<br>· Situational <br>· Situational theory is related to trait theory in that both focus on leadership effectiveness, but they emphasize different factors. While trait theory asserts that certain inherent qualities or traits make someone a good leader, situational theory suggests that effective leadership depends on the situation or context, and the leader must adapt their style to the specific circumstances. |
    | Notes:<br>_Reflections etc._ | · Trait theory posits that leadership is derived from innate and measurable traits that make one a good leader (Riberio et al., 2024)<br>· A leader with specific leadership traits in one situation may not be a leader in another situation (Stogdill, 1948)<br>· Effective leaders are distinct types of people (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991)<br>· Failed to find a solid/definitive list of traits (Northhouse, P.G. 2021) |

    1

    ## image1.png

    **TheoryMatrixweek2.docx**

    This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/theorymatrixweek2-docx)

    **## TheoryMatrixExample.docx**

    **Table of Context**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | **Theory** | **Page Numbers** |
    | Great Man | 3 |
    | Trait (Big 5) | 4-6 |
    | Skills Based Approach | |
    | Behavioral Approach | |
    | Leader Emergence | |
    | Bases of Power | |
    | Leadership and Influence | |
    | Situational Theory | |
    | Path-Goal Theory | |

    **Great Man Theory**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | Scholars | Thomas Carlyle, 1841 |
    | Vital Information <br>_Foundations, Arguments, Assumptions_ | Argument: Born vs Made<br>· Hero worship<br>· Godly power to shape the world<br>Explanation:<br>History is fundamentally shaped by the actions of extraordinary people. Historical progress is thought to be shaped by and the product of these leaders. The theory emphasizes individual agency over collective or systemic factors, suggesting that the essence of history lies in the influence of powerful/gifted people. |
    | Research: <br>_Reference list of some of the articles and publications related to this model/theory_ | Mouton, 2019<br>De Hoogh et al., 2015<br>Spector, 2015<br>Marturano, 2024<br>Bass, 2008<br>Jango, 1982 |
    | Applications<br>_Examples_ | Napoleon, George Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mohandas Gandhi (considered within Great Man theory as one with the skills to be able to lead masses to revolutionize India). |
    | Context<br>_Relates to other theories_ | Great Man theory is a foundation for the other theories of leadership. It emphasizes that history is shaped by charismatic leaders. It differs from leadership theories that followed, like trait theory, which measures leadership traits, or behavioral theory, which assumes that leadership is a learned practice. |
    | Notes:<br>_Reflections etc._ | · Great Man theory assumes that great men make good plans and bad men make bad plans; thus, great men are those who lead (Mouton, 2019)<br>· Great Man theory is based on the belief that some people have inherent power that allows them to shape history (Spector, 2015)<br>· Can take several shapes: prophet, poet, priest, king (Marturano, 2024)<br>· People were born with certain traits and that only great people possessed the traits to be leaders (Bass 2008 & Jango, 1982, as cited in Northhouse, P.G. 2021.) |

    **Trait Theory**

    | | |
    | — | — |
    | Scholars | Stogdill (1948)<br>Kirkpatrick & Locke (1991)<br>Lord, DeVader, & Alliger (1986)<br>Mann (1959)<br>Table taken from Northhouse, P.G. 2021: |
    | Vital Information <br>_Foundations, Arguments, Assumptions_ | Stogdill found traits that were positively associated with leadership: <br>· Drive for responsibility and task completion <br>· Vigor and persistence in pursuit of goals<br>· Risk-taking and originality in problem-solving <br>· Drive to exercise initiative in social situations<br>· Willingness to accept consequences of decisions and actions <br>· Readiness to absorb interpersonal stress<br>· Willingness to tolerate frustration and delay <br>· Ability to influence other people’s behavior<br>· Capacity to structure social interaction systems to the purpose at hand<br>Mann found six traits: <br>· Masculinity<br>· Intelligence <br>· Adjustments <br>· Dominance <br>· Extraversion <br>· Conservatism <br>Table taken from Northhouse, P.G. 2021:<br>![](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/theory-matrix-wk-2) |
    | Research: <br>_Reference list of some of the articles and publications related to this model/theory_ | Ribeiro et al., 2024<br>Wyatt & Silvester, 2018 |
    | Applications<br>_Examples_ | · Not everyone can have the Big 5 qualities. It is possible for people to display some of the qualities and not others. Some may be stronger than others. <br>· Example: <br>· Musk’s Big Five traits: He’s open to new ideas and takes big risks, like with SpaceX and Tesla. He’s also really disciplined and focused, though sometimes he takes projects that are too big/too many projects at one time. His extraversion is more hidden, like how he uses Twitter to share his ideas and get people behind him, more currently, his political roles and position within Trump's government. It seems that his agreeableness is not the best. He is described as not easy to get along with. His neuroticism shows in how he handles stress but uses it to stay motivated. Openness seems to be the biggest factor contributing to his success because it leads him to create new ideas and take risks. |
    | Context<br>_Relates to other theories_ | · Because trait theory has roots in the idea that some people have leadership traits and some people do, it is linked to Great Man theory.<br>· More research has been dedicated to trait theory than other theories.<br>· Situational <br>· Situational theory is related to trait theory in that both focus on leadership effectiveness, but they emphasize different factors. While trait theory asserts that certain inherent qualities or traits make someone a good leader, situational theory suggests that effective leadership depends on the situation or context, and the leader must adapt their style to the specific circumstances. |
    | Notes:<br>_Reflections etc._ | · Trait theory posits that leadership is derived from innate and measurable traits that make one a good leader (Riberio et al., 2024)<br>· A leader with specific leadership traits in one situation may not be a leader in another situation (Stogdill, 1948)<br>· Effective leaders are distinct types of people (Kirkpatrick & Locke, 1991)<br>· Failed to find a solid/definitive list of traits (Northhouse, P.G. 2021) |

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    #### **Discussion Board 2 Questions**

    1. Select an article on your Supplemental Reading list in Module 1.2 and answer the following questions:

    – How is the concept defined?
    – What is the empirical referent for the concept? Suggest ways the concept might be measured in your clinical setting. If the authors did not suggest ways of measuring the concept, create ways of measuring the concept based on the defining attributes of the concept.
    – What other information helps to illuminate the concept? e.g. case examples or exemplars, antecedents, consequences, synthesis, contrast.
    – What did the particular method of concept analysis add to your understanding of the concept? In other words, justify the use of the method — or consider how a different concept analysis method might have provided a different picture of the concept.
    – Provide an example of this concept from your practice. How does the conceptualization of the concept fit with your experience?
    – Does the concept analysis begin to suggest propositions or testable hypotheses? For instance, could you begin to say something like "This concept occurs when . . ." or "When this concept is present, then . . ."? Give examples, if possible. In other words, consider how this concept analysis might be the beginning of a theory.

    1. Considering the various levels of abstraction (Metaparadigm, Philosophy, Conceptual Model, Grand Theory, Middle Range Theory, Practice Theory), which do you see as most appropriate to your nursing practice? Why? Or could you argue for a time and place for each level of abstraction?

    – 2 years ago