Category: Law > Criminal

  • [Solved] Research Paper Wk7

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    See attached. – ## ResearchPaperFinalAssignmentInstructions.docx **## ResearchPaperFinalAssignmentInstructions.docx** CJUS 350 **Research Paper: Final Assignment Instructions** Overview A criminal justice research paper developed at the 300-level requires much careful consideration and commitment to…

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    See attached.

    – ## ResearchPaperFinalAssignmentInstructions.docx

    **## ResearchPaperFinalAssignmentInstructions.docx**

    CJUS 350

    **Research Paper: Final Assignment Instructions**

    Overview

    A criminal justice research paper developed at the 300-level requires much careful consideration and commitment to scholarly development. The research paper must be properly written with minimal grammatical and content errors.

    Instructions

    You will write a 5–7-page research paper in current APA format. Your research paper must have a title page which must not be numbered and does not count toward the total page count of the paper. A complete reference page using a proper
    alphabetical format must be at the end of the paper. The paper must include at least 5–7 scholarly sources to include the class textbooks and the Bible.

    The paper will be written in first person. You are the Chief of Police. Imagine you are writing to the City Manager, Mayor, County Commissioners or Civil Service Board in your jurisdiction.

    Research papers will be graded according to the following general guidelines:

    · Content

    · Conformity to appropriate APA formatting

    · Appropriate sources

    · Accuracy of documentation and formatting of sources

    · Unity (maintaining a controlling idea or thesis and not digressing from it)

    · Coherence (establishing a smooth and logical flow of thought)

    · Correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    Research Paper Topic

    _Disclosing Officer Untruthfulness to the Defense: Is a Liar’s Squad Coming to Your Town?_

    Since 1963, a series of United States Supreme Court case decisions have clarified that, in criminal cases, prosecutors must disclose to the defense evidence favorable to the defendant. This includes information that may be used to impeach the credibility of government witnesses, including law enforcement officers. These decisions mean that police officers who have documented histories of lying in official matters are liabilities to their agencies, and these histories may render them unable to testify credibly.

    Would you terminate this 15-year veteran with a virtually clean record? Why?

    Or would you impose significant disciplinary action as opposed to termination? Why?

    As part of this research paper, read the following United States Supreme Court Cases:

    ·
    _Brady v. Maryland_, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)

    ·
    _Giglio v. United States_, 405 U. S. 150 (1972)

    ·
    _United States v. Agurs_, 427 U. S. 97 (1976)

    ·
    _Kyles v. Whitley_, 514 U. S. 419 (1995)

    ·
    _United States v. Bagley_, 473 U. S. 667 (1985)

    Page 2 of 2

    **## ResearchPaperFinalAssignmentInstructions.docx**

    CJUS 350

    **Research Paper: Final Assignment Instructions**

    Overview

    A criminal justice research paper developed at the 300-level requires much careful consideration and commitment to scholarly development. The research paper must be properly written with minimal grammatical and content errors.

    Instructions

    You will write a 5–7-page research paper in current APA format. Your research paper must have a title page which must not be numbered and does not count toward the total page count of the paper. A complete reference page using a proper
    alphabetical format must be at the end of the paper. The paper must include at least 5–7 scholarly sources to include the class textbooks and the Bible.

    The paper will be written in first person. You are the Chief of Police. Imagine you are writing to the City Manager, Mayor, County Commissioners or Civil Service Board in your jurisdiction.

    Research papers will be graded according to the following general guidelines:

    · Content

    · Conformity to appropriate APA formatting

    · Appropriate sources

    · Accuracy of documentation and formatting of sources

    · Unity (maintaining a controlling idea or thesis and not digressing from it)

    · Coherence (establishing a smooth and logical flow of thought)

    · Correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling

    Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

    Research Paper Topic

    _Disclosing Officer Untruthfulness to the Defense: Is a Liar’s Squad Coming to Your Town?_

    Since 1963, a series of United States Supreme Court case decisions have clarified that, in criminal cases, prosecutors must disclose to the defense evidence favorable to the defendant. This includes information that may be used to impeach the credibility of government witnesses, including law enforcement officers. These decisions mean that police officers who have documented histories of lying in official matters are liabilities to their agencies, and these histories may render them unable to testify credibly.

    Would you terminate this 15-year veteran with a virtually clean record? Why?

    Or would you impose significant disciplinary action as opposed to termination? Why?

    As part of this research paper, read the following United States Supreme Court Cases:

    ·
    _Brady v. Maryland_, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)

    ·
    _Giglio v. United States_, 405 U. S. 150 (1972)

    ·
    _United States v. Agurs_, 427 U. S. 97 (1976)

    ·
    _Kyles v. Whitley_, 514 U. S. 419 (1995)

    ·
    _United States v. Bagley_, 473 U. S. 667 (1985)

    Page 2 of 2

  • [Solved] criminal justice

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    In-depth study guidance and analytical solution covering criminal justice.

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  • [Solved] Forensic

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    Briefly summarize LIMS to prevent quality issues in the lab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLBiS-AWqL4

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    Briefly summarize
    LIMS to prevent quality issues in the lab
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLBiS-AWqL4

  • [Solved] Forensic

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    Answer 3 out of four questions 1. Choose a future issue (new lab, new services, budget cuts, etc). Describe what factors you would analyze to develop a goal. 2. Discuss now you would promote your plan within your Lab. 3. Discuss how you would promote your plan to your Superiors. 4. Hypothetically, y…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Answer 3 out of four questions
    1. Choose a future issue (new lab, new services, budget cuts, etc).  Describe what factors you would analyze to develop a goal.
    2. Discuss now you would promote your plan within your Lab.
    3. Discuss how you would promote your plan to your Superiors.
    4. Hypothetically, your lab is told to anticipate a 5% budget cut next  year. Payroll accounts for 85% of your budget.  Service contracts  account for 5 %. You have 50 positions and there is a average turnover  of 2 people per year.  Discuss how you analyze the impact and then what  solutions you would propose.

  • [Solved] DB Responses WK 6

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    See attached. – ## DiscussionAssignmentInstructionsCJUS350.docx – ## RickyDavisWK6.docx – ## AaronHinojosaWK6.docx **## DiscussionAssignmentInstructionsCJUS350.docx** CJUS 350 **Discussion Assignment Instructions** The student will complete 8 Discussions in this course. The student will post one thr…

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    See attached.

    – ## DiscussionAssignmentInstructionsCJUS350.docx

    – ## RickyDavisWK6.docx

    – ## AaronHinojosaWK6.docx

    **## DiscussionAssignmentInstructionsCJUS350.docx**

    CJUS 350

    **Discussion Assignment Instructions**

    The student will complete 8 Discussions in this course. The student will post one thread of at least 400 words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of the assigned Module: Week. The student must then post at least 2 replies of at least 200 words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of the assigned Module: Week. For each thread, students must support their assertions with at least 2 scholarly citations in APA format. Each reply must incorporate at least 2 scholarly citation(s) in APA format. Any sources cited must have been published within the last five years. Acceptable sources include the textbook, the Bible, journal articles and professional experiences.

    **## RickyDavisWK6.docx**

    Ricky Davis

    New officers tend to follow the ways and thoughts of their field training officers (FTOs). This is why identifying the most qualified and ethical FTOs is among the significant leadership choices in any agency. An FTO does not merely drill recruits on procedures; they build the professional identity of the next generation of officers. When an FTO demonstrates bad judgment, misbehavior, or a lack of policy concern, new officers can embrace these behaviors and consider them a standard way of doing things. On the other hand, the more an FTO is seen as fair, respectful, and honest in their actions, the better the rookies will adopt these specific values (Pollock, 2022). This field training phase is thus a basis of the construction of accountability and professionalism culture in law enforcement.

    It has been shown that this influence can be powerful. Adger, Ross, and Sloan (2022) discovered that the behaviors of their FTOs are frequently reflected by recruits even years later than the training period. For example, FTOs who tended to use force had the same tendencies years after recruiting. This relationship indicates the negative impacts that ineffective role modeling may have, which are difficult to overcome by the officer and the people in the future. However, with strong FTOs, professionalism, misconduct, and social trust are enhanced, which is the opposite. The agencies should, therefore, consider FTO assignments a privilege, where only employees who have proven their ethical nature and professional aptitude are selected.

    The moral weakness/moral courage scenario is all about the difference between knowing what is right and doing it despite the risk. If I had to observe unethical behavior of another officer, I would adopt moral courage as a priority. First, I would record the incident properly, followed by the chain of command or in-house reporting structure, to settle the case. If there were resistance or retaliation, my action would still align with professional duty and ethical obligation. According to Pollock (2022), ethical problems in criminal justice usually oppose loyalty and integrity, yet staying silent in misconduct compromises justice, morale, and trust. Moral courage helps remind the peers and rookies that ethical responsibility is more important than comfort.

    In the book of 1 Timothy 4:8, Paul explains that physical training is of some value, but Godliness is of value to all things, promising both the present and the future life. This verse emphasizes that skills and physical preparedness are essential, but character is the basis of being a leader. In criminal justice, leaders are evaluated based on competence, integrity, fairness, and moral vision. A godly policeman places their trust in him through humility, courage, and respect to human dignity, the community, and fellow officers. Good leadership is not about tactics but about using the moral compass and doing the right thing in hard times. This combination of expertise and divinity will make the officers the guardians and ethical leaders.

    **## AaronHinojosaWK6.docx**

    Aaron Hinojosa

    Rookie officers are in their impressionable years, and they take on the behaviors of the FTOs that they are working with. For this reason, choosing the right FTO is one of the most crucial decisions a leader in a law enforcement agency can make. The FTOs set the tone and expectations for a rookie officer for the department’s culture, ethics, and professional standards. If the FTOs treat calls with a lackadaisical attitude, do not care about taking sloppy reports, or make jokes about breaking policy, then the rookie officers will follow that lead and there will be no change or improvement in these areas. On the other hand, if FTOs are held to the highest standard of conduct, they will pass those values of accountability, integrity, and respect for public trust on to the next generation (Alpert, Dunham, & Stroshine, 2015). Therefore, selecting the right FTOs to lead the future officers is crucial, and only the officers with the most moral courage, professionalism, and communication skills should be given the FTO position.

    In the “Moral Weakness/Moral Courage” case from the lecture notes, the issue in question is whether the officer chooses to look the other way or report the misconduct of the other officer. In this situation, I would follow the advice I gave in response to the last question and call out the officer in question for his misconduct and report him up the chain of command. This may cause some tension between myself and other officers that I work with, but ultimately I am protecting the integrity of my badge and making sure that the public that I serve gets the justice that they deserve. The officer that I witness misconduct from may very well be one of my friends, but I cannot simply stand by and watch as they get away with criminal behavior. I would compromise my own integrity, and I would lose the trust of the public that I work for if I stood by and did nothing. Leaders in the department need to make this crystal clear when training new officers that accountability is an essential part of professional conduct, and that staying quiet in the face of injustice is equal to being complicit in it (Pollock, 2019).

    This type of accountability is the point of the passage in I Timothy 4: 8 which says “For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come.” In this passage, the author is saying that physical training and exercise is good, but godliness is even better and far more profitable. In the context of this chapter, godliness includes character, integrity, and righteousness. As a leader in the criminal justice system, this would mean that making sure that officers act with consistency, fairness, and respect for human dignity is an essential part of leadership. Therefore, strong leadership in the criminal justice system must be rooted in ethical decision making and spiritual maturity.

    By only selecting the best officers to be FTOs, criminal justice leaders can ensure a new generation of officers who value moral courage and godliness, as well as tactical acumen, and the future of policing will be strong because of it.

    **## AaronHinojosaWK6.docx**

    Aaron Hinojosa

    Rookie officers are in their impressionable years, and they take on the behaviors of the FTOs that they are working with. For this reason, choosing the right FTO is one of the most crucial decisions a leader in a law enforcement agency can make. The FTOs set the tone and expectations for a rookie officer for the department’s culture, ethics, and professional standards. If the FTOs treat calls with a lackadaisical attitude, do not care about taking sloppy reports, or make jokes about breaking policy, then the rookie officers will follow that lead and there will be no change or improvement in these areas. On the other hand, if FTOs are held to the highest standard of conduct, they will pass those values of accountability, integrity, and respect for public trust on to the next generation (Alpert, Dunham, & Stroshine, 2015). Therefore, selecting the right FTOs to lead the future officers is crucial, and only the officers with the most moral courage, professionalism, and communication skills should be given the FTO position.

    In the “Moral Weakness/Moral Courage” case from the lecture notes, the issue in question is whether the officer chooses to look the other way or report the misconduct of the other officer. In this situation, I would follow the advice I gave in response to the last question and call out the officer in question for his misconduct and report him up the chain of command. This may cause some tension between myself and other officers that I work with, but ultimately I am protecting the integrity of my badge and making sure that the public that I serve gets the justice that they deserve. The officer that I witness misconduct from may very well be one of my friends, but I cannot simply stand by and watch as they get away with criminal behavior. I would compromise my own integrity, and I would lose the trust of the public that I work for if I stood by and did nothing. Leaders in the department need to make this crystal clear when training new officers that accountability is an essential part of professional conduct, and that staying quiet in the face of injustice is equal to being complicit in it (Pollock, 2019).

    This type of accountability is the point of the passage in I Timothy 4: 8 which says “For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come.” In this passage, the author is saying that physical training and exercise is good, but godliness is even better and far more profitable. In the context of this chapter, godliness includes character, integrity, and righteousness. As a leader in the criminal justice system, this would mean that making sure that officers act with consistency, fairness, and respect for human dignity is an essential part of leadership. Therefore, strong leadership in the criminal justice system must be rooted in ethical decision making and spiritual maturity.

    By only selecting the best officers to be FTOs, criminal justice leaders can ensure a new generation of officers who value moral courage and godliness, as well as tactical acumen, and the future of policing will be strong because of it.

    **## DiscussionAssignmentInstructionsCJUS350.docx**

    CJUS 350

    **Discussion Assignment Instructions**

    The student will complete 8 Discussions in this course. The student will post one thread of at least 400 words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of the assigned Module: Week. The student must then post at least 2 replies of at least 200 words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of the assigned Module: Week. For each thread, students must support their assertions with at least 2 scholarly citations in APA format. Each reply must incorporate at least 2 scholarly citation(s) in APA format. Any sources cited must have been published within the last five years. Acceptable sources include the textbook, the Bible, journal articles and professional experiences.

    **## RickyDavisWK6.docx**

    Ricky Davis

    New officers tend to follow the ways and thoughts of their field training officers (FTOs). This is why identifying the most qualified and ethical FTOs is among the significant leadership choices in any agency. An FTO does not merely drill recruits on procedures; they build the professional identity of the next generation of officers. When an FTO demonstrates bad judgment, misbehavior, or a lack of policy concern, new officers can embrace these behaviors and consider them a standard way of doing things. On the other hand, the more an FTO is seen as fair, respectful, and honest in their actions, the better the rookies will adopt these specific values (Pollock, 2022). This field training phase is thus a basis of the construction of accountability and professionalism culture in law enforcement.

    It has been shown that this influence can be powerful. Adger, Ross, and Sloan (2022) discovered that the behaviors of their FTOs are frequently reflected by recruits even years later than the training period. For example, FTOs who tended to use force had the same tendencies years after recruiting. This relationship indicates the negative impacts that ineffective role modeling may have, which are difficult to overcome by the officer and the people in the future. However, with strong FTOs, professionalism, misconduct, and social trust are enhanced, which is the opposite. The agencies should, therefore, consider FTO assignments a privilege, where only employees who have proven their ethical nature and professional aptitude are selected.

    The moral weakness/moral courage scenario is all about the difference between knowing what is right and doing it despite the risk. If I had to observe unethical behavior of another officer, I would adopt moral courage as a priority. First, I would record the incident properly, followed by the chain of command or in-house reporting structure, to settle the case. If there were resistance or retaliation, my action would still align with professional duty and ethical obligation. According to Pollock (2022), ethical problems in criminal justice usually oppose loyalty and integrity, yet staying silent in misconduct compromises justice, morale, and trust. Moral courage helps remind the peers and rookies that ethical responsibility is more important than comfort.

    In the book of 1 Timothy 4:8, Paul explains that physical training is of some value, but Godliness is of value to all things, promising both the present and the future life. This verse emphasizes that skills and physical preparedness are essential, but character is the basis of being a leader. In criminal justice, leaders are evaluated based on competence, integrity, fairness, and moral vision. A godly policeman places their trust in him through humility, courage, and respect to human dignity, the community, and fellow officers. Good leadership is not about tactics but about using the moral compass and doing the right thing in hard times. This combination of expertise and divinity will make the officers the guardians and ethical leaders.

    **## AaronHinojosaWK6.docx**

    Aaron Hinojosa

    Rookie officers are in their impressionable years, and they take on the behaviors of the FTOs that they are working with. For this reason, choosing the right FTO is one of the most crucial decisions a leader in a law enforcement agency can make. The FTOs set the tone and expectations for a rookie officer for the department’s culture, ethics, and professional standards. If the FTOs treat calls with a lackadaisical attitude, do not care about taking sloppy reports, or make jokes about breaking policy, then the rookie officers will follow that lead and there will be no change or improvement in these areas. On the other hand, if FTOs are held to the highest standard of conduct, they will pass those values of accountability, integrity, and respect for public trust on to the next generation (Alpert, Dunham, & Stroshine, 2015). Therefore, selecting the right FTOs to lead the future officers is crucial, and only the officers with the most moral courage, professionalism, and communication skills should be given the FTO position.

    In the “Moral Weakness/Moral Courage” case from the lecture notes, the issue in question is whether the officer chooses to look the other way or report the misconduct of the other officer. In this situation, I would follow the advice I gave in response to the last question and call out the officer in question for his misconduct and report him up the chain of command. This may cause some tension between myself and other officers that I work with, but ultimately I am protecting the integrity of my badge and making sure that the public that I serve gets the justice that they deserve. The officer that I witness misconduct from may very well be one of my friends, but I cannot simply stand by and watch as they get away with criminal behavior. I would compromise my own integrity, and I would lose the trust of the public that I work for if I stood by and did nothing. Leaders in the department need to make this crystal clear when training new officers that accountability is an essential part of professional conduct, and that staying quiet in the face of injustice is equal to being complicit in it (Pollock, 2019).

    This type of accountability is the point of the passage in I Timothy 4: 8 which says “For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come.” In this passage, the author is saying that physical training and exercise is good, but godliness is even better and far more profitable. In the context of this chapter, godliness includes character, integrity, and righteousness. As a leader in the criminal justice system, this would mean that making sure that officers act with consistency, fairness, and respect for human dignity is an essential part of leadership. Therefore, strong leadership in the criminal justice system must be rooted in ethical decision making and spiritual maturity.

    By only selecting the best officers to be FTOs, criminal justice leaders can ensure a new generation of officers who value moral courage and godliness, as well as tactical acumen, and the future of policing will be strong because of it.

    **## DiscussionAssignmentInstructionsCJUS350.docx**

    CJUS 350

    **Discussion Assignment Instructions**

    The student will complete 8 Discussions in this course. The student will post one thread of at least 400 words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of the assigned Module: Week. The student must then post at least 2 replies of at least 200 words by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of the assigned Module: Week. For each thread, students must support their assertions with at least 2 scholarly citations in APA format. Each reply must incorporate at least 2 scholarly citation(s) in APA format. Any sources cited must have been published within the last five years. Acceptable sources include the textbook, the Bible, journal articles and professional experiences.

    **## RickyDavisWK6.docx**

    Ricky Davis

    New officers tend to follow the ways and thoughts of their field training officers (FTOs). This is why identifying the most qualified and ethical FTOs is among the significant leadership choices in any agency. An FTO does not merely drill recruits on procedures; they build the professional identity of the next generation of officers. When an FTO demonstrates bad judgment, misbehavior, or a lack of policy concern, new officers can embrace these behaviors and consider them a standard way of doing things. On the other hand, the more an FTO is seen as fair, respectful, and honest in their actions, the better the rookies will adopt these specific values (Pollock, 2022). This field training phase is thus a basis of the construction of accountability and professionalism culture in law enforcement.

    It has been shown that this influence can be powerful. Adger, Ross, and Sloan (2022) discovered that the behaviors of their FTOs are frequently reflected by recruits even years later than the training period. For example, FTOs who tended to use force had the same tendencies years after recruiting. This relationship indicates the negative impacts that ineffective role modeling may have, which are difficult to overcome by the officer and the people in the future. However, with strong FTOs, professionalism, misconduct, and social trust are enhanced, which is the opposite. The agencies should, therefore, consider FTO assignments a privilege, where only employees who have proven their ethical nature and professional aptitude are selected.

    The moral weakness/moral courage scenario is all about the difference between knowing what is right and doing it despite the risk. If I had to observe unethical behavior of another officer, I would adopt moral courage as a priority. First, I would record the incident properly, followed by the chain of command or in-house reporting structure, to settle the case. If there were resistance or retaliation, my action would still align with professional duty and ethical obligation. According to Pollock (2022), ethical problems in criminal justice usually oppose loyalty and integrity, yet staying silent in misconduct compromises justice, morale, and trust. Moral courage helps remind the peers and rookies that ethical responsibility is more important than comfort.

    In the book of 1 Timothy 4:8, Paul explains that physical training is of some value, but Godliness is of value to all things, promising both the present and the future life. This verse emphasizes that skills and physical preparedness are essential, but character is the basis of being a leader. In criminal justice, leaders are evaluated based on competence, integrity, fairness, and moral vision. A godly policeman places their trust in him through humility, courage, and respect to human dignity, the community, and fellow officers. Good leadership is not about tactics but about using the moral compass and doing the right thing in hard times. This combination of expertise and divinity will make the officers the guardians and ethical leaders.

    **## AaronHinojosaWK6.docx**

    Aaron Hinojosa

    Rookie officers are in their impressionable years, and they take on the behaviors of the FTOs that they are working with. For this reason, choosing the right FTO is one of the most crucial decisions a leader in a law enforcement agency can make. The FTOs set the tone and expectations for a rookie officer for the department’s culture, ethics, and professional standards. If the FTOs treat calls with a lackadaisical attitude, do not care about taking sloppy reports, or make jokes about breaking policy, then the rookie officers will follow that lead and there will be no change or improvement in these areas. On the other hand, if FTOs are held to the highest standard of conduct, they will pass those values of accountability, integrity, and respect for public trust on to the next generation (Alpert, Dunham, & Stroshine, 2015). Therefore, selecting the right FTOs to lead the future officers is crucial, and only the officers with the most moral courage, professionalism, and communication skills should be given the FTO position.

    In the “Moral Weakness/Moral Courage” case from the lecture notes, the issue in question is whether the officer chooses to look the other way or report the misconduct of the other officer. In this situation, I would follow the advice I gave in response to the last question and call out the officer in question for his misconduct and report him up the chain of command. This may cause some tension between myself and other officers that I work with, but ultimately I am protecting the integrity of my badge and making sure that the public that I serve gets the justice that they deserve. The officer that I witness misconduct from may very well be one of my friends, but I cannot simply stand by and watch as they get away with criminal behavior. I would compromise my own integrity, and I would lose the trust of the public that I work for if I stood by and did nothing. Leaders in the department need to make this crystal clear when training new officers that accountability is an essential part of professional conduct, and that staying quiet in the face of injustice is equal to being complicit in it (Pollock, 2019).

    This type of accountability is the point of the passage in I Timothy 4: 8 which says “For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come.” In this passage, the author is saying that physical training and exercise is good, but godliness is even better and far more profitable. In the context of this chapter, godliness includes character, integrity, and righteousness. As a leader in the criminal justice system, this would mean that making sure that officers act with consistency, fairness, and respect for human dignity is an essential part of leadership. Therefore, strong leadership in the criminal justice system must be rooted in ethical decision making and spiritual maturity.

    By only selecting the best officers to be FTOs, criminal justice leaders can ensure a new generation of officers who value moral courage and godliness, as well as tactical acumen, and the future of policing will be strong because of it.

    – 1
    – 2
    – 3

  • [Solved] government chapter 13

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    – ## Ch13governmentcourse.docx **## Ch13governmentcourse.docx** **Ch 13-15 Discussion (p)** **You have three topics to choose from in Part A** **Question #1: The Presidency** Many of the founders were worried that the office of the President would gain too much power, so the authority of the preside…

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    – ## Ch13governmentcourse.docx

    **## Ch13governmentcourse.docx**

    **Ch 13-15 Discussion (p)**

    **You have three topics to choose from in Part A**

    **Question #1: The Presidency**

    Many of the founders were worried that the office of the President would gain too much power, so the authority of the presidency was limited in a variety of ways. In fact, the title "President" was chosen because, at the time, it did not carry weight and implied authority of "King" or "Monarch". Since then, however, the power of the presidency has expanded dramatically. There are a variety of reasons that the power of the presidency has expanded since the time of the founding, including changes to how presidents are elected, the expanded scope of activities undertaken by the federal government, the administrative power of the presidency, and the President's ability to communicate directly with the public. Discuss which of these factors were most important in expanding the powers of the presidency, and the pros and cons of the President having more power today than the founders originally intended.

    **Question #2: Bureaucracy in a Democracy**

    Most people have only a vague understanding of how the federal bureaucracy works. We may have had a bad experience with the IRS, or a nice time at a federal park, but the federal bureaucracy touches our lives in many more ways. Often, our lives are shaped by bureaucratic actions that we don't even know are taking place.

    With that in mind, what in the reading this week surprised you the most? Feel free to address a function that you didn't know that the federal bureaucracy serves, ways that the bureaucracy interacts with Congress, how the public or interest groups can influence bureaucratic decisions, how the bureaucracy has changed over time, or any other topic that you found surprising and informative.

    In your response, try to describe how your newfound understanding of the bureaucracy changes the way you think about American government more broadly.

    **Question #3: The Federal Courts (A)**

    Once appointed, federal court justices serve until they die or choose to retire, which has both positive and negative consequences. Discuss the benefits of federal judges serving for life and the potential problems that this feature of our judicial system can create. Having weighed both sides of the question, argue whether lifetime appointments make sense today. If you do not support lifetime appointments, propose an alternative that could still accomplish the positive aspects of federal judges serving for life.

    **Part B**

    **_Answer two of the questions below and comment on your classmates' answers._**

    1) Imagine the United States is facing a major crisis, like a pandemic or a national security threat. You are part of a government task force. Do you prioritize giving the federal government more power to act quickly (Federalist approach) or limiting government power to protect individual liberties (Anti-Federalist approach)? Explain your choice and consider the possible consequences of your decision

    \_\_\__________________________________________________________________________

    2) Suppose a new law is proposed requiring all states to follow a uniform education curriculum. Some states argue this limits their freedom to set their own standards. Would you support giving the federal government the authority to enforce the curriculum (Federalist view) or protecting the states’ rights to make their own rules (Anti-Federalist view)? Explain the potential benefits and risks of your choice.

    \_\_\___________________________________________________________________________

    3) Imagine the government wants to implement a nationwide surveillance program to prevent crime and terrorism. Would you argue that individual rights should always come first, even if it limits government efficiency (Anti-Federalist perspective), or that granting more government power is justified to protect the greater good (Federalist perspective)? How do you balance safety with liberty?

    **## Ch13governmentcourse.docx**

    **Ch 13-15 Discussion (p)**

    **You have three topics to choose from in Part A**

    **Question #1: The Presidency**

    Many of the founders were worried that the office of the President would gain too much power, so the authority of the presidency was limited in a variety of ways. In fact, the title "President" was chosen because, at the time, it did not carry weight and implied authority of "King" or "Monarch". Since then, however, the power of the presidency has expanded dramatically. There are a variety of reasons that the power of the presidency has expanded since the time of the founding, including changes to how presidents are elected, the expanded scope of activities undertaken by the federal government, the administrative power of the presidency, and the President's ability to communicate directly with the public. Discuss which of these factors were most important in expanding the powers of the presidency, and the pros and cons of the President having more power today than the founders originally intended.

    **Question #2: Bureaucracy in a Democracy**

    Most people have only a vague understanding of how the federal bureaucracy works. We may have had a bad experience with the IRS, or a nice time at a federal park, but the federal bureaucracy touches our lives in many more ways. Often, our lives are shaped by bureaucratic actions that we don't even know are taking place.

    With that in mind, what in the reading this week surprised you the most? Feel free to address a function that you didn't know that the federal bureaucracy serves, ways that the bureaucracy interacts with Congress, how the public or interest groups can influence bureaucratic decisions, how the bureaucracy has changed over time, or any other topic that you found surprising and informative.

    In your response, try to describe how your newfound understanding of the bureaucracy changes the way you think about American government more broadly.

    **Question #3: The Federal Courts (A)**

    Once appointed, federal court justices serve until they die or choose to retire, which has both positive and negative consequences. Discuss the benefits of federal judges serving for life and the potential problems that this feature of our judicial system can create. Having weighed both sides of the question, argue whether lifetime appointments make sense today. If you do not support lifetime appointments, propose an alternative that could still accomplish the positive aspects of federal judges serving for life.

    **Part B**

    **_Answer two of the questions below and comment on your classmates' answers._**

    1) Imagine the United States is facing a major crisis, like a pandemic or a national security threat. You are part of a government task force. Do you prioritize giving the federal government more power to act quickly (Federalist approach) or limiting government power to protect individual liberties (Anti-Federalist approach)? Explain your choice and consider the possible consequences of your decision

    \_\_\__________________________________________________________________________

    2) Suppose a new law is proposed requiring all states to follow a uniform education curriculum. Some states argue this limits their freedom to set their own standards. Would you support giving the federal government the authority to enforce the curriculum (Federalist view) or protecting the states’ rights to make their own rules (Anti-Federalist view)? Explain the potential benefits and risks of your choice.

    \_\_\___________________________________________________________________________

    3) Imagine the government wants to implement a nationwide surveillance program to prevent crime and terrorism. Would you argue that individual rights should always come first, even if it limits government efficiency (Anti-Federalist perspective), or that granting more government power is justified to protect the greater good (Federalist perspective)? How do you balance safety with liberty?

  • [Solved] law

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  • [Solved] Posc 12

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    Discuss the role of media in society. How important is the news media in shaping attitudes and public policy? How do you assess the media’s coverage of news and politics? Discuss evidence from your text, CQ Researcher concerning [Trust in Media](http://library.cqpress.com.proxy.ccis.edu/cqresearcher…

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    Discuss the role of media in society. How important is the news media in shaping attitudes and public policy? How do you assess the media’s coverage of news and politics? Discuss evidence from your text, CQ Researcher concerning [Trust in Media](http://library.cqpress.com.proxy.ccis.edu/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2017060900&type=hitlist&num=0), and your personal observations

  • [Solved] Law – Criminal CJ 305 Module Four Assignment

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    Please see the attached below for assignment details. – ## CJ305ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx – ## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip **## CJ305ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx** ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment) ## CJ 3…

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    Please see the attached below for assignment details.

    – ## CJ305ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx

    – ## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip

    **## CJ305ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template

    ## Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. | | | | | | | — | — | — | — | — | | **Tools**<br>In this column, identify your tool and describe what it is and how it works. | **Positive Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the positive impacts of using each tool. | **Negative Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the negative impacts of using each tool. | **Policies and Scope of Use**<br>In this column, describe relevant policies needed for each tool that govern their scope of use. | **References**<br>In this column, cite your sources for each tool using APA style. | | **Tool 1:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 2:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 3:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | ## image1.png ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will analyze technological tools, their positive and negative impacts, the policies that govern them, and their scope of use. It’s important to take all of these considerations into account before implementing new tools in your agency.

    ### Prompt

    In this module you have explored the influence of technology on criminal investigations. You have also previously examined the pros and cons of tool usage and the policies that govern them. You will now bring these concepts together to complete your Module Four assignment. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for Project Two in Module Six, where you will create a new technology pitch for a law enforcement agency.

    – First, select three tools you have been exposed to in this course and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Next, describe the positive impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider positive impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Then, describe the negative impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider negative impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Finally, describe any policies or laws that currently exist to govern the use of each tool.

    – Are there any policies or laws that you think should be added to what currently exists?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Select three tools and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Describe the positive impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe the negative impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe laws and policies for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20305%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. For more information on APA style, review the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](http://libguides.snhu.edu/apa).

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Tool Selection and Function | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Selects three tools and identifies what they are and how they work | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on defining the tool or describing how it is used | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Positive Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the positive impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining how this crime affected individuals | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Negative Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the negative impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on the negative impacts on different audiences | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Policies and Scope of Use | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes policies and laws for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification related to policies and laws that govern or should govern their scope of use | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template

    ## Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. | | | | | | | — | — | — | — | — | | **Tools**<br>In this column, identify your tool and describe what it is and how it works. | **Positive Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the positive impacts of using each tool. | **Negative Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the negative impacts of using each tool. | **Policies and Scope of Use**<br>In this column, describe relevant policies needed for each tool that govern their scope of use. | **References**<br>In this column, cite your sources for each tool using APA style. | | **Tool 1:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 2:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 3:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | ## image1.png ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will analyze technological tools, their positive and negative impacts, the policies that govern them, and their scope of use. It’s important to take all of these considerations into account before implementing new tools in your agency.

    ### Prompt

    In this module you have explored the influence of technology on criminal investigations. You have also previously examined the pros and cons of tool usage and the policies that govern them. You will now bring these concepts together to complete your Module Four assignment. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for Project Two in Module Six, where you will create a new technology pitch for a law enforcement agency.

    – First, select three tools you have been exposed to in this course and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Next, describe the positive impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider positive impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Then, describe the negative impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider negative impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Finally, describe any policies or laws that currently exist to govern the use of each tool.

    – Are there any policies or laws that you think should be added to what currently exists?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Select three tools and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Describe the positive impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe the negative impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe laws and policies for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20305%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. For more information on APA style, review the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](http://libguides.snhu.edu/apa).

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Tool Selection and Function | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Selects three tools and identifies what they are and how they work | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on defining the tool or describing how it is used | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Positive Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the positive impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining how this crime affected individuals | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Negative Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the negative impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on the negative impacts on different audiences | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Policies and Scope of Use | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes policies and laws for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification related to policies and laws that govern or should govern their scope of use | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template

    ## Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. | | | | | | | — | — | — | — | — | | **Tools**<br>In this column, identify your tool and describe what it is and how it works. | **Positive Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the positive impacts of using each tool. | **Negative Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the negative impacts of using each tool. | **Policies and Scope of Use**<br>In this column, describe relevant policies needed for each tool that govern their scope of use. | **References**<br>In this column, cite your sources for each tool using APA style. | | **Tool 1:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 2:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 3:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | ## image1.png ## image2.svg

    **## CJ305ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template

    ## Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. | | | | | | | — | — | — | — | — | | **Tools**<br>In this column, identify your tool and describe what it is and how it works. | **Positive Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the positive impacts of using each tool. | **Negative Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the negative impacts of using each tool. | **Policies and Scope of Use**<br>In this column, describe relevant policies needed for each tool that govern their scope of use. | **References**<br>In this column, cite your sources for each tool using APA style. | | **Tool 1:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 2:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 3:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | ## image1.png ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will analyze technological tools, their positive and negative impacts, the policies that govern them, and their scope of use. It’s important to take all of these considerations into account before implementing new tools in your agency.

    ### Prompt

    In this module you have explored the influence of technology on criminal investigations. You have also previously examined the pros and cons of tool usage and the policies that govern them. You will now bring these concepts together to complete your Module Four assignment. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for Project Two in Module Six, where you will create a new technology pitch for a law enforcement agency.

    – First, select three tools you have been exposed to in this course and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Next, describe the positive impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider positive impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Then, describe the negative impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider negative impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Finally, describe any policies or laws that currently exist to govern the use of each tool.

    – Are there any policies or laws that you think should be added to what currently exists?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Select three tools and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Describe the positive impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe the negative impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe laws and policies for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20305%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. For more information on APA style, review the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](http://libguides.snhu.edu/apa).

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Tool Selection and Function | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Selects three tools and identifies what they are and how they work | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on defining the tool or describing how it is used | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Positive Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the positive impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining how this crime affected individuals | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Negative Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the negative impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on the negative impacts on different audiences | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Policies and Scope of Use | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes policies and laws for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification related to policies and laws that govern or should govern their scope of use | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template

    ## Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. | | | | | | | — | — | — | — | — | | **Tools**<br>In this column, identify your tool and describe what it is and how it works. | **Positive Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the positive impacts of using each tool. | **Negative Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the negative impacts of using each tool. | **Policies and Scope of Use**<br>In this column, describe relevant policies needed for each tool that govern their scope of use. | **References**<br>In this column, cite your sources for each tool using APA style. | | **Tool 1:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 2:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 3:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | ## image1.png ## image2.svg

    **## CJ305ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template

    ## Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. | | | | | | | — | — | — | — | — | | **Tools**<br>In this column, identify your tool and describe what it is and how it works. | **Positive Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the positive impacts of using each tool. | **Negative Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the negative impacts of using each tool. | **Policies and Scope of Use**<br>In this column, describe relevant policies needed for each tool that govern their scope of use. | **References**<br>In this column, cite your sources for each tool using APA style. | | **Tool 1:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 2:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 3:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | ## image1.png ## image2.svg

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html1.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will analyze technological tools, their positive and negative impacts, the policies that govern them, and their scope of use. It’s important to take all of these considerations into account before implementing new tools in your agency.

    ### Prompt

    In this module you have explored the influence of technology on criminal investigations. You have also previously examined the pros and cons of tool usage and the policies that govern them. You will now bring these concepts together to complete your Module Four assignment. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for Project Two in Module Six, where you will create a new technology pitch for a law enforcement agency.

    – First, select three tools you have been exposed to in this course and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Next, describe the positive impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider positive impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Then, describe the negative impacts of using each tool.

    – Consider negative impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
    – Finally, describe any policies or laws that currently exist to govern the use of each tool.

    – Are there any policies or laws that you think should be added to what currently exists?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Select three tools and identify what they are and how they work.
    – Describe the positive impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe the negative impacts of using each tool.
    – Describe laws and policies for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20305%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references should be cited in APA style. For more information on APA style, review the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](http://libguides.snhu.edu/apa).

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Tool Selection and Function | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Selects three tools and identifies what they are and how they work | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on defining the tool or describing how it is used | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Positive Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the positive impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining how this crime affected individuals | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Negative Impacts | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes the negative impacts of using each tool | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification on the negative impacts on different audiences | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Policies and Scope of Use | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes policies and laws for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification related to policies and laws that govern or should govern their scope of use | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-305-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 305 Module Four Assignment Template

    ## Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. | | | | | | | — | — | — | — | — | | **Tools**<br>In this column, identify your tool and describe what it is and how it works. | **Positive Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the positive impacts of using each tool. | **Negative Impacts**<br>In this column, describe the negative impacts of using each tool. | **Policies and Scope of Use**<br>In this column, describe relevant policies needed for each tool that govern their scope of use. | **References**<br>In this column, cite your sources for each tool using APA style. | | **Tool 1:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 2:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | | **Tool 3:**[Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | ## image1.png ## image2.svg

    – 1
    – 2

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    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    Please see the below attached for details.

    – ## CJ230ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx

    – ## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html.zip

    **## CJ230ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-230-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template

    Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **Discretionary Decision** | **Impacts of Decision** | **Laws and Policy** |
    | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] |

    **image1.png**

    **image2.svg**

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will explore parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy. You will also be analyzing discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals.

    ### Prompt

    In Module Two, you learned about the relationship between the decision-making process and discretion in criminal justice, and in Module Three, you learned how to analyze discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals. You will now apply this knowledge to analyze a discretionary decision in a scenario. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for the submission of Project Two in Module Seven, in which you will write a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by a judge.

    – First, review the
    [Project Two Guidelines and Rubric](https://www.sweetstudy.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=2019209&type=content&rcode=snhu-3162652) document.

    – Next, review the
    [Project Two Scenario PDF](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Project%20Two%20Scenario.pdf) document. You will use this document to complete this assignment.

    – Then, using the Module Four Assignment template, address the following:

    – Discretionary Decision: What was one discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided?
    – Impacts of Decision: Who is affected by this decision? Does it have positive or negative impacts?
    – Law and Policy: What laws or policies may have influenced the judge to reach the decision? How does discretion impact the decision made in accordance with law and policy?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Describe a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided.
    – Describe impacts of the decision.
    – Explain parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references must be cited in APA style. See the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://snhu.ink/ShapiroAPAGuide) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Discretionary Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing a discretionary decision made by the judge | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Impacts of Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes impacts of the decision | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing impacts of the decision | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Law and Policy | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Explains parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Project Two Scenario.pdf

    CJ 230 Project Two Scenario

    A student from an elite educational institution in California has been arrested, charged, and convicted of
    a sexual assault for engaging in a sexual act with an unconscious victim. The defendant was identified by
    two individuals who witnessed the defendant engaging in the sexual act. The results of the victim’s
    sexual assault examination at the hospital showed bruising around the neck and genital areas.

    Prior to sentencing, the defendant’s family made a point to the court that the defendant’s life should
    not be ruined by “moments of sexual activity.” While the prosecution recommended a sentence of six
    years in state prison for the crime, the pre-sentencing report from probation recommended a jail
    sentence of less than a year of confinement. The judge, an alumnus of the same elite institution,
    ordered a jail sentence of six months with a lifetime registration as a sex offender.

    The victim’s family is not satisfied with the judge’s ruling. As the public representative of the victim’s
    family, you are asked to compose a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee
    regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by the judge.

    California Penal Code Section 261(a)(2-4) states the following:

    (a) Rape is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person not the spouse of the
    perpetrator, under any of the following circumstances:

    (2) Where it is accomplished against a person’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace,
    or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the person or another.

    (3) Where a person is prevented from resisting by any intoxicating or anesthetic substance, or
    any controlled substance, and this condition was known, or reasonably should have been known
    by the accused.

    (4) Where a person is at the time unconscious of the nature of the act, and this is known to the
    accused. As used in this paragraph, “unconscious of the nature of the act” means incapable of
    resisting because the victim meets any one of the following conditions:

    (A) Was unconscious or asleep.

    (B) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant that the act occurred.

    Unless otherwise noted, rape is punishable by imprisonment for 3, 6, or 8 years, as well as a fine
    not to exceed $70 (to be paid towards AIDS education).

    References

    California Legislative Information. (2013). Penal Code Section 261. Retrieved from

    https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN
    Leagle. (2019). People v. Turner. Retrieved from https://www.leagle.com/decision/incaco20180808037

    [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN)

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-230-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template

    Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **Discretionary Decision** | **Impacts of Decision** | **Laws and Policy** |
    | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] |

    **image1.png**

    **image2.svg**

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will explore parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy. You will also be analyzing discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals.

    ### Prompt

    In Module Two, you learned about the relationship between the decision-making process and discretion in criminal justice, and in Module Three, you learned how to analyze discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals. You will now apply this knowledge to analyze a discretionary decision in a scenario. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for the submission of Project Two in Module Seven, in which you will write a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by a judge.

    – First, review the
    [Project Two Guidelines and Rubric](https://www.sweetstudy.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=2019209&type=content&rcode=snhu-3162652) document.

    – Next, review the
    [Project Two Scenario PDF](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Project%20Two%20Scenario.pdf) document. You will use this document to complete this assignment.

    – Then, using the Module Four Assignment template, address the following:

    – Discretionary Decision: What was one discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided?
    – Impacts of Decision: Who is affected by this decision? Does it have positive or negative impacts?
    – Law and Policy: What laws or policies may have influenced the judge to reach the decision? How does discretion impact the decision made in accordance with law and policy?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Describe a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided.
    – Describe impacts of the decision.
    – Explain parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references must be cited in APA style. See the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://snhu.ink/ShapiroAPAGuide) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Discretionary Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing a discretionary decision made by the judge | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Impacts of Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes impacts of the decision | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing impacts of the decision | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Law and Policy | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Explains parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Project Two Scenario.pdf

    CJ 230 Project Two Scenario

    A student from an elite educational institution in California has been arrested, charged, and convicted of
    a sexual assault for engaging in a sexual act with an unconscious victim. The defendant was identified by
    two individuals who witnessed the defendant engaging in the sexual act. The results of the victim’s
    sexual assault examination at the hospital showed bruising around the neck and genital areas.

    Prior to sentencing, the defendant’s family made a point to the court that the defendant’s life should
    not be ruined by “moments of sexual activity.” While the prosecution recommended a sentence of six
    years in state prison for the crime, the pre-sentencing report from probation recommended a jail
    sentence of less than a year of confinement. The judge, an alumnus of the same elite institution,
    ordered a jail sentence of six months with a lifetime registration as a sex offender.

    The victim’s family is not satisfied with the judge’s ruling. As the public representative of the victim’s
    family, you are asked to compose a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee
    regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by the judge.

    California Penal Code Section 261(a)(2-4) states the following:

    (a) Rape is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person not the spouse of the
    perpetrator, under any of the following circumstances:

    (2) Where it is accomplished against a person’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace,
    or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the person or another.

    (3) Where a person is prevented from resisting by any intoxicating or anesthetic substance, or
    any controlled substance, and this condition was known, or reasonably should have been known
    by the accused.

    (4) Where a person is at the time unconscious of the nature of the act, and this is known to the
    accused. As used in this paragraph, “unconscious of the nature of the act” means incapable of
    resisting because the victim meets any one of the following conditions:

    (A) Was unconscious or asleep.

    (B) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant that the act occurred.

    Unless otherwise noted, rape is punishable by imprisonment for 3, 6, or 8 years, as well as a fine
    not to exceed $70 (to be paid towards AIDS education).

    References

    California Legislative Information. (2013). Penal Code Section 261. Retrieved from

    https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN
    Leagle. (2019). People v. Turner. Retrieved from https://www.leagle.com/decision/incaco20180808037

    [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN)

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-230-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template

    Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **Discretionary Decision** | **Impacts of Decision** | **Laws and Policy** |
    | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] |

    **image1.png**

    **image2.svg**

    **## CJ230ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-230-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template

    Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **Discretionary Decision** | **Impacts of Decision** | **Laws and Policy** |
    | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] |

    **image1.png**

    **image2.svg**

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will explore parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy. You will also be analyzing discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals.

    ### Prompt

    In Module Two, you learned about the relationship between the decision-making process and discretion in criminal justice, and in Module Three, you learned how to analyze discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals. You will now apply this knowledge to analyze a discretionary decision in a scenario. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for the submission of Project Two in Module Seven, in which you will write a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by a judge.

    – First, review the
    [Project Two Guidelines and Rubric](https://www.sweetstudy.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=2019209&type=content&rcode=snhu-3162652) document.

    – Next, review the
    [Project Two Scenario PDF](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Project%20Two%20Scenario.pdf) document. You will use this document to complete this assignment.

    – Then, using the Module Four Assignment template, address the following:

    – Discretionary Decision: What was one discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided?
    – Impacts of Decision: Who is affected by this decision? Does it have positive or negative impacts?
    – Law and Policy: What laws or policies may have influenced the judge to reach the decision? How does discretion impact the decision made in accordance with law and policy?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Describe a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided.
    – Describe impacts of the decision.
    – Explain parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references must be cited in APA style. See the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://snhu.ink/ShapiroAPAGuide) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Discretionary Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing a discretionary decision made by the judge | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Impacts of Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes impacts of the decision | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing impacts of the decision | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Law and Policy | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Explains parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Project Two Scenario.pdf

    CJ 230 Project Two Scenario

    A student from an elite educational institution in California has been arrested, charged, and convicted of
    a sexual assault for engaging in a sexual act with an unconscious victim. The defendant was identified by
    two individuals who witnessed the defendant engaging in the sexual act. The results of the victim’s
    sexual assault examination at the hospital showed bruising around the neck and genital areas.

    Prior to sentencing, the defendant’s family made a point to the court that the defendant’s life should
    not be ruined by “moments of sexual activity.” While the prosecution recommended a sentence of six
    years in state prison for the crime, the pre-sentencing report from probation recommended a jail
    sentence of less than a year of confinement. The judge, an alumnus of the same elite institution,
    ordered a jail sentence of six months with a lifetime registration as a sex offender.

    The victim’s family is not satisfied with the judge’s ruling. As the public representative of the victim’s
    family, you are asked to compose a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee
    regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by the judge.

    California Penal Code Section 261(a)(2-4) states the following:

    (a) Rape is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person not the spouse of the
    perpetrator, under any of the following circumstances:

    (2) Where it is accomplished against a person’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace,
    or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the person or another.

    (3) Where a person is prevented from resisting by any intoxicating or anesthetic substance, or
    any controlled substance, and this condition was known, or reasonably should have been known
    by the accused.

    (4) Where a person is at the time unconscious of the nature of the act, and this is known to the
    accused. As used in this paragraph, “unconscious of the nature of the act” means incapable of
    resisting because the victim meets any one of the following conditions:

    (A) Was unconscious or asleep.

    (B) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant that the act occurred.

    Unless otherwise noted, rape is punishable by imprisonment for 3, 6, or 8 years, as well as a fine
    not to exceed $70 (to be paid towards AIDS education).

    References

    California Legislative Information. (2013). Penal Code Section 261. Retrieved from

    https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN
    Leagle. (2019). People v. Turner. Retrieved from https://www.leagle.com/decision/incaco20180808037

    [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN)

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-230-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template

    Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **Discretionary Decision** | **Impacts of Decision** | **Laws and Policy** |
    | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] |

    **image1.png**

    **image2.svg**

    **## CJ230ModuleFourAssignmentTemplate.docx**

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-230-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template

    Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **Discretionary Decision** | **Impacts of Decision** | **Laws and Policy** |
    | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] |

    **image1.png**

    **image2.svg**

    **## ModuleFourAssignmentGuidelinesandRubric.html.zip**

    ## Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric.html

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Guidelines and Rubric

    ### Overview

    In this assignment, you will explore parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy. You will also be analyzing discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals.

    ### Prompt

    In Module Two, you learned about the relationship between the decision-making process and discretion in criminal justice, and in Module Three, you learned how to analyze discretionary decisions made by criminal justice professionals. You will now apply this knowledge to analyze a discretionary decision in a scenario. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for the submission of Project Two in Module Seven, in which you will write a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by a judge.

    – First, review the
    [Project Two Guidelines and Rubric](https://www.sweetstudy.com/d2l/common/dialogs/quickLink/quickLink.d2l?ou=2019209&type=content&rcode=snhu-3162652) document.

    – Next, review the
    [Project Two Scenario PDF](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Project%20Two%20Scenario.pdf) document. You will use this document to complete this assignment.

    – Then, using the Module Four Assignment template, address the following:

    – Discretionary Decision: What was one discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided?
    – Impacts of Decision: Who is affected by this decision? Does it have positive or negative impacts?
    – Law and Policy: What laws or policies may have influenced the judge to reach the decision? How does discretion impact the decision made in accordance with law and policy?

    Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

    – Describe a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided.
    – Describe impacts of the decision.
    – Explain parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy.

    ### What to Submit

    This assignment must be completed using the
    [Module Four Assignment Template Word Document](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/Course%20Documents/CJ%20230%20Module%20Four%20Assignment%20Template.docx). Any references must be cited in APA style. See the
    [Shapiro Library APA Style Guide](https://snhu.ink/ShapiroAPAGuide) for more information on citations.

    ### Module Four Assignment Rubric

    | Criteria | Exceeds Expectations (100%) | Meets Expectations (85%) | Partially Meets Expectations (55%) | Does Not Meet Expectations (0%) | Value |
    | — | — | — | — | — | — |
    | Clear Communication | Exceeds expectations with an intentional use of language that promotes a thorough understanding | Consistently and effectively communicates in an organized way to a specific audience | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but communication is inconsistent or ineffective in a way that negatively impacts understanding | Shows no evidence of consistent, effective, or organized communication | 15 |
    | Discretionary Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes a discretionary decision made by the judge in the scenario provided | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing a discretionary decision made by the judge | Does not attempt criterion | 20 |
    | Impacts of Decision | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Describes impacts of the decision | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification describing impacts of the decision | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Law and Policy | Exceeds expectations in an exceptionally clear, insightful, sophisticated, or creative manner | Explains parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Shows progress toward meeting expectations, but with errors or omissions; areas for improvement may include additional details or clarification explaining parts of the decision-making process in which discretion can be applied in accordance with law and policy | Does not attempt criterion | 30 |
    | Citations and Attributions | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with few or no minor errors | Uses citation for ideas requiring attribution | Uses citations for ideas requiring attribution, with major errors | Does not use citations for ideas requiring attribution | 5 |
    | Total: | 100% |

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Project Two Scenario.pdf

    CJ 230 Project Two Scenario

    A student from an elite educational institution in California has been arrested, charged, and convicted of
    a sexual assault for engaging in a sexual act with an unconscious victim. The defendant was identified by
    two individuals who witnessed the defendant engaging in the sexual act. The results of the victim’s
    sexual assault examination at the hospital showed bruising around the neck and genital areas.

    Prior to sentencing, the defendant’s family made a point to the court that the defendant’s life should
    not be ruined by “moments of sexual activity.” While the prosecution recommended a sentence of six
    years in state prison for the crime, the pre-sentencing report from probation recommended a jail
    sentence of less than a year of confinement. The judge, an alumnus of the same elite institution,
    ordered a jail sentence of six months with a lifetime registration as a sex offender.

    The victim’s family is not satisfied with the judge’s ruling. As the public representative of the victim’s
    family, you are asked to compose a memo to be submitted to the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee
    regarding the actions and discretionary decisions made by the judge.

    California Penal Code Section 261(a)(2-4) states the following:

    (a) Rape is an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a person not the spouse of the
    perpetrator, under any of the following circumstances:

    (2) Where it is accomplished against a person’s will by means of force, violence, duress, menace,
    or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the person or another.

    (3) Where a person is prevented from resisting by any intoxicating or anesthetic substance, or
    any controlled substance, and this condition was known, or reasonably should have been known
    by the accused.

    (4) Where a person is at the time unconscious of the nature of the act, and this is known to the
    accused. As used in this paragraph, “unconscious of the nature of the act” means incapable of
    resisting because the victim meets any one of the following conditions:

    (A) Was unconscious or asleep.

    (B) Was not aware, knowing, perceiving, or cognizant that the act occurred.

    Unless otherwise noted, rape is punishable by imprisonment for 3, 6, or 8 years, as well as a fine
    not to exceed $70 (to be paid towards AIDS education).

    References

    California Legislative Information. (2013). Penal Code Section 261. Retrieved from

    https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN
    Leagle. (2019). People v. Turner. Retrieved from https://www.leagle.com/decision/incaco20180808037

    [https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=261.&lawCode=PEN)

    ## Course Documents/CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template.docx

    ![SNHU logo](https://www.sweetstudy.com/questions/law-criminal-cj-230-module-four-assignment)

    ## CJ 230 Module Four Assignment Template

    Complete the table below by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information.

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | **Discretionary Decision** | **Impacts of Decision** | **Laws and Policy** |
    | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] | [Insert text.] |

    **image1.png**

    **image2.svg**

    – 1
    – 2