Assignment Prompt & Instructions
– ## EmploymentLawHRM6302UnitIDBReply.docx
– ## UnitIStudyGuide.pdf
**## EmploymentLawHRM6302UnitIDBReply.docx**
2
Employment Law HRM 6302 Unit I DB Reply
Posts to others should be a minimum of 150 words and use at least one supporting reference. You can use the text for this course as one of the reference sources.
**Post from Student in the class below**
**Part I**
Hello everyone, my name is . I’m currently pursuing my MBA in Business Administration/Human Resource Management here at CSU. My long-term goal is to become an Executive Operations Manager with a focus on management quality. I’ve noticed that in many organizations, a lot of problems tend to stem from poor management rather than employee performance. For me, learning more about employment law is going to be an important part of reaching my goals. I believe that understanding the laws that govern the employer-employee relationship will help me not only grow as a professional but also make better decisions in leadership roles. This course will give me a stronger foundation in spotting legal issues, advising management, and ensuring that employees are treated fairly while the organization remains compliant.
**Part II**
Here are five areas of employment law I would like to learn more about and why:
1. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 – I want to understand how this law may be challenged or even in jeopardy depending on the current administration.
2. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) – I’d like to learn more about how reasonable accommodations are determined and applied in real workplace situations.
3. Employment at-will and wrongful termination – Since most jobs are at-will, I want to know more about where the line is drawn between legal termination and unlawful dismissal (Walsh, 2019).
4. Class action lawsuits in employment law – These cases seem to have a big impact, like the Uber driver misclassification lawsuit, and I want to know more about how they shape HR practices.
5. Employee benefits laws – I’d like to dive deeper into how benefits are legally required or structured since they’re such an important part of recruiting and retaining employees.
After reviewing William Coulbourne’s list, I chose hiring and promotion practices because I want to better understand the key factors employers use in the selection process. It’s one thing to follow anti-discrimination laws, but I also want to know how companies decide who gets promoted and how HR can make sure the process is fair and transparent.
**Part III**
I have personal experience with being a contingent worker. I worked as a temporary Customer Service Specialist at a utility company for six months. Since I was classified as a temporary employee, I did not receive benefits like sick leave, annual leave, or medical insurance. There was also added pressure on us as temps to prove ourselves in hopes of getting hired permanently, even though the working environment wasn’t the best at the time.
However, there were some advantages too. I felt like I had a better chance at applying for permanent positions because I was already familiar with the company and its operations. That eventually paid off when I was hired on permanently in the Engineering department. Compared to a regular employer-employee relationship, the temporary role gave me less security and no benefits, but it also gave me a foot in the door.
This experience taught me that while contingent work can feel uncertain and sometimes unfair, it can also be a stepping stone into long-term opportunities. In many ways, it reflects the reality of today’s workforce where temporary, contract, and gig roles are becoming more common (Dokko et al, 2015).
References:
Jane Dokko, et al. “Workers and the Online Gig Economy Free Summary by Jane Dokko et Al.”
_GetAbstract_, Dec. 2015,
[www.getabstract.com/en/summary/workers-and-the-online-gig-economy/26030](http://www.getabstract.com/en/summary/workers-and-the-online-gig-economy/26030).
Walsh, D. (2018). Employment Law for Human Resource Practice (6th ed.). Cengage Learning US.
[https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9798214342344](https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9798214342344)
**## UnitIStudyGuide.pdf**
HRM 6302, Employment Law 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the legal significance of the employer-employee relationship.
1.1 Identify the regulation of employer-employee relationship through applicable law and judicial
decisions.
1.2 Recognize types of workers and employers, and recognize when an employment relationship
exists.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 1: Overview of Employment Law, pp. 3–34
Chapter 2: The Employment Relationship, pp. 37–67
Unit Lesson
Whether through discussion in the workplace or through your academic work, you likely have heard of the
concept of employment at-will. At its most basic level, being employed at-will means that your employer can
terminate you without cause at any time. Likewise, you can resign your employment at any time for any
reason. The vast majority of employment relationships in the United States are at-will. When jobs are plentiful
and good workers are scarce, it is advantageous for the employee to be able to move freely to a better
position with another employer. This is a common occurrence when the economy is strong. In these
conditions, employers often compete for the most skilled and experienced workers with higher compensation,
stock options, and other benefits.
During times of economic downturn and recession, the at-will concepts benefits employers, who can pare
down their workforces or even shut their doors. At-will employees have little protection from these actions and
may end up unemployed. At-will employment allows the employer to respond to economic problems swiftly
and efficiently. Rather than having to keep employees when there is little to do, employers can control costs
and work toward a recovery. At-will employment, therefore, is clearly an integral part of our economic system.
As we will see, the concept of at-will employment is not an absolute. Employment laws that confer rights on
employers and impose obligations on employers modify employment at-will. This unit introduces the range of
employment laws that we will explore in more detail in future units. As you read the text for this unit, consider
whether we as a society have gone too far in regulating the employer-employee relationship. Are there gaps
or outdated regulations that need addressing? Consider also whether the remedies for violations of
employment laws are sufficient to rectify the wrong and deter future violations.
This unit also introduces the types of workers, a timely topic in today’s workplace. The many varieties of
employees—full-time, part-time, temporary, seasonal, and subcontracted—expand the options available to
employers. Moreover, the continual evolution of the concept of “work,” combined with the growth in
technology, has given rise to the “online gig” economy, where work is done when, where, and as needed,
outside of a traditional ongoing employment relationship (Dokko et al., 2015).
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Employment Law
HRM 6302, Employment Law 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Consider the status of an Uber driver
requested through an application on a
smartphone or device. In the current regulatory
system, the driver is either an employee or an
independent contractor, a distinction important
in many ways that determines the applicability
of wage and overtime rules, benefits eligibility,
rights of protection from discrimination, and
other rules.
Actual cases involving Uber drivers
demonstrate the difficulty of forcing these new
types of workers into one of two legal
classifications. A group of Uber drivers brought
a class action lawsuit alleging they were
misclassified as independent contractors and
legally are employees. The court determined
that the arbitration agreements drivers signed
at the outset of providing services for Uber
were unconscionable and unenforceable because they forced drivers to settle disputes in individual arbitration
rather than as members of a class (Fisher, 2016). Having approved the class action to move forward, the
court found that there was enough evidence of control by Uber over the drivers that the case could proceed to
a jury for decision. Later, the court found that a proposed $100 million settlement covering 300,000 drivers in
California and Massachusetts, under which the drivers would have remained independent contractors, was
not fair, adequate, or reasonable (Nagele-Piazza, 2016). This was primarily due to the potential penalties
under California law that could be imposed if the drivers were found to be employees versus the amount of
the proposed settlement (Fisher, 2016). Then, on appeal, the federal appeals court in California reversed the
lower court ruling that the arbitration agreements were unenforceable, making it difficult for the class action to
proceed, but leaving questions about the appropriate legal classification of Uber drivers.
The key battlegrounds in employment law are class actions, the use of arbitration agreements, and worker
classification. The Uber case begs the question of whether the economy, aided by technology, is creating
workers that do not fit into any of the established categories but have characteristics that confound neat and
traditional classification. Is it time for the legal system to recognize that workers do not always fall into one of
these two categories and that other categories may be appropriate? Should our laws be evolving at the same
pace our workforce is evolving?
In the meantime, the lines between types of workers and even workers and employers continue to be
increasingly blurred, and human resource (HR) professionals face the challenge to draw on knowledge of the
legal definitions and ability to assess risk to advise management on important business decisions. While most
questions of proper classification of workers like the Uber case do not involve the company’s business model,
worker classification is a critical and often complex issue for organizations.
Human resources organizations recognize the importance of legal knowledge for HR professionals. In 2016,
the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), the leading professional organization for HR
practitioners, published the SHRM Competency Model to define what it means to be a successful HR
professional. The SHRM Competency Model consists of nine competencies in four areas, the first of which is
technical competency, or HR knowledge. According to SHRM (2016), HR expertise or knowledge is critical to
success in job performance by HR professionals. It is the knowledge needed by HR professionals to design,
enact, evaluate, and maintain sound human resource management practices. HR professionals must acquire
comprehensive knowledge concerning policies, principles, laws, regulations, and practices (SHRM, 2016).
A necessary building block to a position that designs and develops organizational policy is knowledge and
understanding of the laws and regulations that govern the workplace. The goal of this course is not to teach
everything you will ever need to know about employment law but to present and explain the foundational
concepts that make up the law of the workplace and provide the tools to follow and apply the inevitable
evolution of employment law. The most important skill is being able to spot the legal issues in an existing or
Image of Uber smartphone application
(TruthVoice, 2016)
HRM 6302, Employment Law 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
potential situation. Once you learn to perceive where the landmines are or could potentially be waiting, you
can garner resources and research to manage around them.
One thing is clear: It is an extremely exciting time for employment law and human resources. There is much
to learn and know, as the employment law and HR landscape is constantly changing. Having solid
foundational knowledge and staying abreast of current issues and laws is the key to being able to develop
human resource strategy in these challenging times. As you work through this course, keep in mind that the
concepts covered are concepts that can and will apply to daily human resource practice. Consider how the
legal concepts apply to your experience and how they will enhance your future experience. Soon, you will
become more capable of hearing facts and seeing situations in a different way, one that involves spotting
legal issues and thinking of solutions, the hallmark of a successful HR professional.
References
Dokko, J., Mumford, M., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2015). Workers and the online gig economy: A Hamilton
Project framing paper. Brookings Institution Press.
Fisher, D. D. (2016, September 7). Appeals court deals blow to Uber class actions, holding arbitration pacts
enforceable. Forbes, 2.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=117944918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Nagele-Piazza, L. (2016, August 22). Federal judge rejects Uber’s $100 million settlement with drivers.
Society for Human Resource Management. https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-
compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/uber-settlement-rejected.aspx
Society for Human Resource Management. (2016). The SHRM Competency Model.
https://www.shrm.org/LearningAndCareer/competency-
model/PublishingImages/pages/default/SHRM%20Competency%20Model_Detailed%20Report_Final
_SECURED.pdf
TruthVoice. (2016, November 2). Ride-Chicago [Image]. http://truthvoice.com/2016/11/this-small-startup-
wants-to-kill-uber-and-this-is-their-plan/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The following PowerPoint presentations are supplements to the textbook chapter readings and are provided
for further knowledge and review of the unit materials.
Chapter 1 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 1 presentation (PDF)
Chapter 2 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 2 presentation (PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
HRM 6302, Employment Law 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
At the end of each chapter of your textbook, scenario-driven questions provide legal issues and realistic
situations that relate to employment law. Exploring these questions allows you the opportunity to further your
understanding of the concepts in each chapter and prepares you for similar situations you may encounter in
your workplace.
• Review the Chapter 1 questions in your textbook on pages 35–36.
• Review the Chapter 2 questions in your textbook on pages 68–70.
**## UnitIStudyGuide.pdf**
HRM 6302, Employment Law 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the legal significance of the employer-employee relationship.
1.1 Identify the regulation of employer-employee relationship through applicable law and judicial
decisions.
1.2 Recognize types of workers and employers, and recognize when an employment relationship
exists.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 1: Overview of Employment Law, pp. 3–34
Chapter 2: The Employment Relationship, pp. 37–67
Unit Lesson
Whether through discussion in the workplace or through your academic work, you likely have heard of the
concept of employment at-will. At its most basic level, being employed at-will means that your employer can
terminate you without cause at any time. Likewise, you can resign your employment at any time for any
reason. The vast majority of employment relationships in the United States are at-will. When jobs are plentiful
and good workers are scarce, it is advantageous for the employee to be able to move freely to a better
position with another employer. This is a common occurrence when the economy is strong. In these
conditions, employers often compete for the most skilled and experienced workers with higher compensation,
stock options, and other benefits.
During times of economic downturn and recession, the at-will concepts benefits employers, who can pare
down their workforces or even shut their doors. At-will employees have little protection from these actions and
may end up unemployed. At-will employment allows the employer to respond to economic problems swiftly
and efficiently. Rather than having to keep employees when there is little to do, employers can control costs
and work toward a recovery. At-will employment, therefore, is clearly an integral part of our economic system.
As we will see, the concept of at-will employment is not an absolute. Employment laws that confer rights on
employers and impose obligations on employers modify employment at-will. This unit introduces the range of
employment laws that we will explore in more detail in future units. As you read the text for this unit, consider
whether we as a society have gone too far in regulating the employer-employee relationship. Are there gaps
or outdated regulations that need addressing? Consider also whether the remedies for violations of
employment laws are sufficient to rectify the wrong and deter future violations.
This unit also introduces the types of workers, a timely topic in today’s workplace. The many varieties of
employees—full-time, part-time, temporary, seasonal, and subcontracted—expand the options available to
employers. Moreover, the continual evolution of the concept of “work,” combined with the growth in
technology, has given rise to the “online gig” economy, where work is done when, where, and as needed,
outside of a traditional ongoing employment relationship (Dokko et al., 2015).
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Employment Law
HRM 6302, Employment Law 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Consider the status of an Uber driver
requested through an application on a
smartphone or device. In the current regulatory
system, the driver is either an employee or an
independent contractor, a distinction important
in many ways that determines the applicability
of wage and overtime rules, benefits eligibility,
rights of protection from discrimination, and
other rules.
Actual cases involving Uber drivers
demonstrate the difficulty of forcing these new
types of workers into one of two legal
classifications. A group of Uber drivers brought
a class action lawsuit alleging they were
misclassified as independent contractors and
legally are employees. The court determined
that the arbitration agreements drivers signed
at the outset of providing services for Uber
were unconscionable and unenforceable because they forced drivers to settle disputes in individual arbitration
rather than as members of a class (Fisher, 2016). Having approved the class action to move forward, the
court found that there was enough evidence of control by Uber over the drivers that the case could proceed to
a jury for decision. Later, the court found that a proposed $100 million settlement covering 300,000 drivers in
California and Massachusetts, under which the drivers would have remained independent contractors, was
not fair, adequate, or reasonable (Nagele-Piazza, 2016). This was primarily due to the potential penalties
under California law that could be imposed if the drivers were found to be employees versus the amount of
the proposed settlement (Fisher, 2016). Then, on appeal, the federal appeals court in California reversed the
lower court ruling that the arbitration agreements were unenforceable, making it difficult for the class action to
proceed, but leaving questions about the appropriate legal classification of Uber drivers.
The key battlegrounds in employment law are class actions, the use of arbitration agreements, and worker
classification. The Uber case begs the question of whether the economy, aided by technology, is creating
workers that do not fit into any of the established categories but have characteristics that confound neat and
traditional classification. Is it time for the legal system to recognize that workers do not always fall into one of
these two categories and that other categories may be appropriate? Should our laws be evolving at the same
pace our workforce is evolving?
In the meantime, the lines between types of workers and even workers and employers continue to be
increasingly blurred, and human resource (HR) professionals face the challenge to draw on knowledge of the
legal definitions and ability to assess risk to advise management on important business decisions. While most
questions of proper classification of workers like the Uber case do not involve the company’s business model,
worker classification is a critical and often complex issue for organizations.
Human resources organizations recognize the importance of legal knowledge for HR professionals. In 2016,
the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), the leading professional organization for HR
practitioners, published the SHRM Competency Model to define what it means to be a successful HR
professional. The SHRM Competency Model consists of nine competencies in four areas, the first of which is
technical competency, or HR knowledge. According to SHRM (2016), HR expertise or knowledge is critical to
success in job performance by HR professionals. It is the knowledge needed by HR professionals to design,
enact, evaluate, and maintain sound human resource management practices. HR professionals must acquire
comprehensive knowledge concerning policies, principles, laws, regulations, and practices (SHRM, 2016).
A necessary building block to a position that designs and develops organizational policy is knowledge and
understanding of the laws and regulations that govern the workplace. The goal of this course is not to teach
everything you will ever need to know about employment law but to present and explain the foundational
concepts that make up the law of the workplace and provide the tools to follow and apply the inevitable
evolution of employment law. The most important skill is being able to spot the legal issues in an existing or
Image of Uber smartphone application
(TruthVoice, 2016)
HRM 6302, Employment Law 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
potential situation. Once you learn to perceive where the landmines are or could potentially be waiting, you
can garner resources and research to manage around them.
One thing is clear: It is an extremely exciting time for employment law and human resources. There is much
to learn and know, as the employment law and HR landscape is constantly changing. Having solid
foundational knowledge and staying abreast of current issues and laws is the key to being able to develop
human resource strategy in these challenging times. As you work through this course, keep in mind that the
concepts covered are concepts that can and will apply to daily human resource practice. Consider how the
legal concepts apply to your experience and how they will enhance your future experience. Soon, you will
become more capable of hearing facts and seeing situations in a different way, one that involves spotting
legal issues and thinking of solutions, the hallmark of a successful HR professional.
References
Dokko, J., Mumford, M., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2015). Workers and the online gig economy: A Hamilton
Project framing paper. Brookings Institution Press.
Fisher, D. D. (2016, September 7). Appeals court deals blow to Uber class actions, holding arbitration pacts
enforceable. Forbes, 2.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=117944918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Nagele-Piazza, L. (2016, August 22). Federal judge rejects Uber’s $100 million settlement with drivers.
Society for Human Resource Management. https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-
compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/uber-settlement-rejected.aspx
Society for Human Resource Management. (2016). The SHRM Competency Model.
https://www.shrm.org/LearningAndCareer/competency-
model/PublishingImages/pages/default/SHRM%20Competency%20Model_Detailed%20Report_Final
_SECURED.pdf
TruthVoice. (2016, November 2). Ride-Chicago [Image]. http://truthvoice.com/2016/11/this-small-startup-
wants-to-kill-uber-and-this-is-their-plan/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The following PowerPoint presentations are supplements to the textbook chapter readings and are provided
for further knowledge and review of the unit materials.
Chapter 1 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 1 presentation (PDF)
Chapter 2 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 2 presentation (PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
HRM 6302, Employment Law 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
At the end of each chapter of your textbook, scenario-driven questions provide legal issues and realistic
situations that relate to employment law. Exploring these questions allows you the opportunity to further your
understanding of the concepts in each chapter and prepares you for similar situations you may encounter in
your workplace.
• Review the Chapter 1 questions in your textbook on pages 35–36.
• Review the Chapter 2 questions in your textbook on pages 68–70.
**## EmploymentLawHRM6302UnitIDBReply.docx**
2
Employment Law HRM 6302 Unit I DB Reply
Posts to others should be a minimum of 150 words and use at least one supporting reference. You can use the text for this course as one of the reference sources.
**Post from Student in the class below**
**Part I**
Hello everyone, my name is . I’m currently pursuing my MBA in Business Administration/Human Resource Management here at CSU. My long-term goal is to become an Executive Operations Manager with a focus on management quality. I’ve noticed that in many organizations, a lot of problems tend to stem from poor management rather than employee performance. For me, learning more about employment law is going to be an important part of reaching my goals. I believe that understanding the laws that govern the employer-employee relationship will help me not only grow as a professional but also make better decisions in leadership roles. This course will give me a stronger foundation in spotting legal issues, advising management, and ensuring that employees are treated fairly while the organization remains compliant.
**Part II**
Here are five areas of employment law I would like to learn more about and why:
1. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 – I want to understand how this law may be challenged or even in jeopardy depending on the current administration.
2. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) – I’d like to learn more about how reasonable accommodations are determined and applied in real workplace situations.
3. Employment at-will and wrongful termination – Since most jobs are at-will, I want to know more about where the line is drawn between legal termination and unlawful dismissal (Walsh, 2019).
4. Class action lawsuits in employment law – These cases seem to have a big impact, like the Uber driver misclassification lawsuit, and I want to know more about how they shape HR practices.
5. Employee benefits laws – I’d like to dive deeper into how benefits are legally required or structured since they’re such an important part of recruiting and retaining employees.
After reviewing William Coulbourne’s list, I chose hiring and promotion practices because I want to better understand the key factors employers use in the selection process. It’s one thing to follow anti-discrimination laws, but I also want to know how companies decide who gets promoted and how HR can make sure the process is fair and transparent.
**Part III**
I have personal experience with being a contingent worker. I worked as a temporary Customer Service Specialist at a utility company for six months. Since I was classified as a temporary employee, I did not receive benefits like sick leave, annual leave, or medical insurance. There was also added pressure on us as temps to prove ourselves in hopes of getting hired permanently, even though the working environment wasn’t the best at the time.
However, there were some advantages too. I felt like I had a better chance at applying for permanent positions because I was already familiar with the company and its operations. That eventually paid off when I was hired on permanently in the Engineering department. Compared to a regular employer-employee relationship, the temporary role gave me less security and no benefits, but it also gave me a foot in the door.
This experience taught me that while contingent work can feel uncertain and sometimes unfair, it can also be a stepping stone into long-term opportunities. In many ways, it reflects the reality of today’s workforce where temporary, contract, and gig roles are becoming more common (Dokko et al, 2015).
References:
Jane Dokko, et al. “Workers and the Online Gig Economy Free Summary by Jane Dokko et Al.”
_GetAbstract_, Dec. 2015,
[www.getabstract.com/en/summary/workers-and-the-online-gig-economy/26030](http://www.getabstract.com/en/summary/workers-and-the-online-gig-economy/26030).
Walsh, D. (2018). Employment Law for Human Resource Practice (6th ed.). Cengage Learning US.
[https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9798214342344](https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9798214342344)
**## UnitIStudyGuide.pdf**
HRM 6302, Employment Law 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the legal significance of the employer-employee relationship.
1.1 Identify the regulation of employer-employee relationship through applicable law and judicial
decisions.
1.2 Recognize types of workers and employers, and recognize when an employment relationship
exists.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 1: Overview of Employment Law, pp. 3–34
Chapter 2: The Employment Relationship, pp. 37–67
Unit Lesson
Whether through discussion in the workplace or through your academic work, you likely have heard of the
concept of employment at-will. At its most basic level, being employed at-will means that your employer can
terminate you without cause at any time. Likewise, you can resign your employment at any time for any
reason. The vast majority of employment relationships in the United States are at-will. When jobs are plentiful
and good workers are scarce, it is advantageous for the employee to be able to move freely to a better
position with another employer. This is a common occurrence when the economy is strong. In these
conditions, employers often compete for the most skilled and experienced workers with higher compensation,
stock options, and other benefits.
During times of economic downturn and recession, the at-will concepts benefits employers, who can pare
down their workforces or even shut their doors. At-will employees have little protection from these actions and
may end up unemployed. At-will employment allows the employer to respond to economic problems swiftly
and efficiently. Rather than having to keep employees when there is little to do, employers can control costs
and work toward a recovery. At-will employment, therefore, is clearly an integral part of our economic system.
As we will see, the concept of at-will employment is not an absolute. Employment laws that confer rights on
employers and impose obligations on employers modify employment at-will. This unit introduces the range of
employment laws that we will explore in more detail in future units. As you read the text for this unit, consider
whether we as a society have gone too far in regulating the employer-employee relationship. Are there gaps
or outdated regulations that need addressing? Consider also whether the remedies for violations of
employment laws are sufficient to rectify the wrong and deter future violations.
This unit also introduces the types of workers, a timely topic in today’s workplace. The many varieties of
employees—full-time, part-time, temporary, seasonal, and subcontracted—expand the options available to
employers. Moreover, the continual evolution of the concept of “work,” combined with the growth in
technology, has given rise to the “online gig” economy, where work is done when, where, and as needed,
outside of a traditional ongoing employment relationship (Dokko et al., 2015).
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Employment Law
HRM 6302, Employment Law 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Consider the status of an Uber driver
requested through an application on a
smartphone or device. In the current regulatory
system, the driver is either an employee or an
independent contractor, a distinction important
in many ways that determines the applicability
of wage and overtime rules, benefits eligibility,
rights of protection from discrimination, and
other rules.
Actual cases involving Uber drivers
demonstrate the difficulty of forcing these new
types of workers into one of two legal
classifications. A group of Uber drivers brought
a class action lawsuit alleging they were
misclassified as independent contractors and
legally are employees. The court determined
that the arbitration agreements drivers signed
at the outset of providing services for Uber
were unconscionable and unenforceable because they forced drivers to settle disputes in individual arbitration
rather than as members of a class (Fisher, 2016). Having approved the class action to move forward, the
court found that there was enough evidence of control by Uber over the drivers that the case could proceed to
a jury for decision. Later, the court found that a proposed $100 million settlement covering 300,000 drivers in
California and Massachusetts, under which the drivers would have remained independent contractors, was
not fair, adequate, or reasonable (Nagele-Piazza, 2016). This was primarily due to the potential penalties
under California law that could be imposed if the drivers were found to be employees versus the amount of
the proposed settlement (Fisher, 2016). Then, on appeal, the federal appeals court in California reversed the
lower court ruling that the arbitration agreements were unenforceable, making it difficult for the class action to
proceed, but leaving questions about the appropriate legal classification of Uber drivers.
The key battlegrounds in employment law are class actions, the use of arbitration agreements, and worker
classification. The Uber case begs the question of whether the economy, aided by technology, is creating
workers that do not fit into any of the established categories but have characteristics that confound neat and
traditional classification. Is it time for the legal system to recognize that workers do not always fall into one of
these two categories and that other categories may be appropriate? Should our laws be evolving at the same
pace our workforce is evolving?
In the meantime, the lines between types of workers and even workers and employers continue to be
increasingly blurred, and human resource (HR) professionals face the challenge to draw on knowledge of the
legal definitions and ability to assess risk to advise management on important business decisions. While most
questions of proper classification of workers like the Uber case do not involve the company’s business model,
worker classification is a critical and often complex issue for organizations.
Human resources organizations recognize the importance of legal knowledge for HR professionals. In 2016,
the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), the leading professional organization for HR
practitioners, published the SHRM Competency Model to define what it means to be a successful HR
professional. The SHRM Competency Model consists of nine competencies in four areas, the first of which is
technical competency, or HR knowledge. According to SHRM (2016), HR expertise or knowledge is critical to
success in job performance by HR professionals. It is the knowledge needed by HR professionals to design,
enact, evaluate, and maintain sound human resource management practices. HR professionals must acquire
comprehensive knowledge concerning policies, principles, laws, regulations, and practices (SHRM, 2016).
A necessary building block to a position that designs and develops organizational policy is knowledge and
understanding of the laws and regulations that govern the workplace. The goal of this course is not to teach
everything you will ever need to know about employment law but to present and explain the foundational
concepts that make up the law of the workplace and provide the tools to follow and apply the inevitable
evolution of employment law. The most important skill is being able to spot the legal issues in an existing or
Image of Uber smartphone application
(TruthVoice, 2016)
HRM 6302, Employment Law 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
potential situation. Once you learn to perceive where the landmines are or could potentially be waiting, you
can garner resources and research to manage around them.
One thing is clear: It is an extremely exciting time for employment law and human resources. There is much
to learn and know, as the employment law and HR landscape is constantly changing. Having solid
foundational knowledge and staying abreast of current issues and laws is the key to being able to develop
human resource strategy in these challenging times. As you work through this course, keep in mind that the
concepts covered are concepts that can and will apply to daily human resource practice. Consider how the
legal concepts apply to your experience and how they will enhance your future experience. Soon, you will
become more capable of hearing facts and seeing situations in a different way, one that involves spotting
legal issues and thinking of solutions, the hallmark of a successful HR professional.
References
Dokko, J., Mumford, M., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2015). Workers and the online gig economy: A Hamilton
Project framing paper. Brookings Institution Press.
Fisher, D. D. (2016, September 7). Appeals court deals blow to Uber class actions, holding arbitration pacts
enforceable. Forbes, 2.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=117944918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Nagele-Piazza, L. (2016, August 22). Federal judge rejects Uber’s $100 million settlement with drivers.
Society for Human Resource Management. https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-
compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/uber-settlement-rejected.aspx
Society for Human Resource Management. (2016). The SHRM Competency Model.
https://www.shrm.org/LearningAndCareer/competency-
model/PublishingImages/pages/default/SHRM%20Competency%20Model_Detailed%20Report_Final
_SECURED.pdf
TruthVoice. (2016, November 2). Ride-Chicago [Image]. http://truthvoice.com/2016/11/this-small-startup-
wants-to-kill-uber-and-this-is-their-plan/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The following PowerPoint presentations are supplements to the textbook chapter readings and are provided
for further knowledge and review of the unit materials.
Chapter 1 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 1 presentation (PDF)
Chapter 2 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 2 presentation (PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
HRM 6302, Employment Law 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
At the end of each chapter of your textbook, scenario-driven questions provide legal issues and realistic
situations that relate to employment law. Exploring these questions allows you the opportunity to further your
understanding of the concepts in each chapter and prepares you for similar situations you may encounter in
your workplace.
• Review the Chapter 1 questions in your textbook on pages 35–36.
• Review the Chapter 2 questions in your textbook on pages 68–70.
**## EmploymentLawHRM6302UnitIDBReply.docx**
2
Employment Law HRM 6302 Unit I DB Reply
Posts to others should be a minimum of 150 words and use at least one supporting reference. You can use the text for this course as one of the reference sources.
**Post from Student in the class below**
**Part I**
Hello everyone, my name is . I’m currently pursuing my MBA in Business Administration/Human Resource Management here at CSU. My long-term goal is to become an Executive Operations Manager with a focus on management quality. I’ve noticed that in many organizations, a lot of problems tend to stem from poor management rather than employee performance. For me, learning more about employment law is going to be an important part of reaching my goals. I believe that understanding the laws that govern the employer-employee relationship will help me not only grow as a professional but also make better decisions in leadership roles. This course will give me a stronger foundation in spotting legal issues, advising management, and ensuring that employees are treated fairly while the organization remains compliant.
**Part II**
Here are five areas of employment law I would like to learn more about and why:
1. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 – I want to understand how this law may be challenged or even in jeopardy depending on the current administration.
2. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) – I’d like to learn more about how reasonable accommodations are determined and applied in real workplace situations.
3. Employment at-will and wrongful termination – Since most jobs are at-will, I want to know more about where the line is drawn between legal termination and unlawful dismissal (Walsh, 2019).
4. Class action lawsuits in employment law – These cases seem to have a big impact, like the Uber driver misclassification lawsuit, and I want to know more about how they shape HR practices.
5. Employee benefits laws – I’d like to dive deeper into how benefits are legally required or structured since they’re such an important part of recruiting and retaining employees.
After reviewing William Coulbourne’s list, I chose hiring and promotion practices because I want to better understand the key factors employers use in the selection process. It’s one thing to follow anti-discrimination laws, but I also want to know how companies decide who gets promoted and how HR can make sure the process is fair and transparent.
**Part III**
I have personal experience with being a contingent worker. I worked as a temporary Customer Service Specialist at a utility company for six months. Since I was classified as a temporary employee, I did not receive benefits like sick leave, annual leave, or medical insurance. There was also added pressure on us as temps to prove ourselves in hopes of getting hired permanently, even though the working environment wasn’t the best at the time.
However, there were some advantages too. I felt like I had a better chance at applying for permanent positions because I was already familiar with the company and its operations. That eventually paid off when I was hired on permanently in the Engineering department. Compared to a regular employer-employee relationship, the temporary role gave me less security and no benefits, but it also gave me a foot in the door.
This experience taught me that while contingent work can feel uncertain and sometimes unfair, it can also be a stepping stone into long-term opportunities. In many ways, it reflects the reality of today’s workforce where temporary, contract, and gig roles are becoming more common (Dokko et al, 2015).
References:
Jane Dokko, et al. “Workers and the Online Gig Economy Free Summary by Jane Dokko et Al.”
_GetAbstract_, Dec. 2015,
[www.getabstract.com/en/summary/workers-and-the-online-gig-economy/26030](http://www.getabstract.com/en/summary/workers-and-the-online-gig-economy/26030).
Walsh, D. (2018). Employment Law for Human Resource Practice (6th ed.). Cengage Learning US.
[https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9798214342344](https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9798214342344)
**## UnitIStudyGuide.pdf**
HRM 6302, Employment Law 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the legal significance of the employer-employee relationship.
1.1 Identify the regulation of employer-employee relationship through applicable law and judicial
decisions.
1.2 Recognize types of workers and employers, and recognize when an employment relationship
exists.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 1: Overview of Employment Law, pp. 3–34
Chapter 2: The Employment Relationship, pp. 37–67
Unit Lesson
Whether through discussion in the workplace or through your academic work, you likely have heard of the
concept of employment at-will. At its most basic level, being employed at-will means that your employer can
terminate you without cause at any time. Likewise, you can resign your employment at any time for any
reason. The vast majority of employment relationships in the United States are at-will. When jobs are plentiful
and good workers are scarce, it is advantageous for the employee to be able to move freely to a better
position with another employer. This is a common occurrence when the economy is strong. In these
conditions, employers often compete for the most skilled and experienced workers with higher compensation,
stock options, and other benefits.
During times of economic downturn and recession, the at-will concepts benefits employers, who can pare
down their workforces or even shut their doors. At-will employees have little protection from these actions and
may end up unemployed. At-will employment allows the employer to respond to economic problems swiftly
and efficiently. Rather than having to keep employees when there is little to do, employers can control costs
and work toward a recovery. At-will employment, therefore, is clearly an integral part of our economic system.
As we will see, the concept of at-will employment is not an absolute. Employment laws that confer rights on
employers and impose obligations on employers modify employment at-will. This unit introduces the range of
employment laws that we will explore in more detail in future units. As you read the text for this unit, consider
whether we as a society have gone too far in regulating the employer-employee relationship. Are there gaps
or outdated regulations that need addressing? Consider also whether the remedies for violations of
employment laws are sufficient to rectify the wrong and deter future violations.
This unit also introduces the types of workers, a timely topic in today’s workplace. The many varieties of
employees—full-time, part-time, temporary, seasonal, and subcontracted—expand the options available to
employers. Moreover, the continual evolution of the concept of “work,” combined with the growth in
technology, has given rise to the “online gig” economy, where work is done when, where, and as needed,
outside of a traditional ongoing employment relationship (Dokko et al., 2015).
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Introduction to Employment Law
HRM 6302, Employment Law 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Consider the status of an Uber driver
requested through an application on a
smartphone or device. In the current regulatory
system, the driver is either an employee or an
independent contractor, a distinction important
in many ways that determines the applicability
of wage and overtime rules, benefits eligibility,
rights of protection from discrimination, and
other rules.
Actual cases involving Uber drivers
demonstrate the difficulty of forcing these new
types of workers into one of two legal
classifications. A group of Uber drivers brought
a class action lawsuit alleging they were
misclassified as independent contractors and
legally are employees. The court determined
that the arbitration agreements drivers signed
at the outset of providing services for Uber
were unconscionable and unenforceable because they forced drivers to settle disputes in individual arbitration
rather than as members of a class (Fisher, 2016). Having approved the class action to move forward, the
court found that there was enough evidence of control by Uber over the drivers that the case could proceed to
a jury for decision. Later, the court found that a proposed $100 million settlement covering 300,000 drivers in
California and Massachusetts, under which the drivers would have remained independent contractors, was
not fair, adequate, or reasonable (Nagele-Piazza, 2016). This was primarily due to the potential penalties
under California law that could be imposed if the drivers were found to be employees versus the amount of
the proposed settlement (Fisher, 2016). Then, on appeal, the federal appeals court in California reversed the
lower court ruling that the arbitration agreements were unenforceable, making it difficult for the class action to
proceed, but leaving questions about the appropriate legal classification of Uber drivers.
The key battlegrounds in employment law are class actions, the use of arbitration agreements, and worker
classification. The Uber case begs the question of whether the economy, aided by technology, is creating
workers that do not fit into any of the established categories but have characteristics that confound neat and
traditional classification. Is it time for the legal system to recognize that workers do not always fall into one of
these two categories and that other categories may be appropriate? Should our laws be evolving at the same
pace our workforce is evolving?
In the meantime, the lines between types of workers and even workers and employers continue to be
increasingly blurred, and human resource (HR) professionals face the challenge to draw on knowledge of the
legal definitions and ability to assess risk to advise management on important business decisions. While most
questions of proper classification of workers like the Uber case do not involve the company’s business model,
worker classification is a critical and often complex issue for organizations.
Human resources organizations recognize the importance of legal knowledge for HR professionals. In 2016,
the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), the leading professional organization for HR
practitioners, published the SHRM Competency Model to define what it means to be a successful HR
professional. The SHRM Competency Model consists of nine competencies in four areas, the first of which is
technical competency, or HR knowledge. According to SHRM (2016), HR expertise or knowledge is critical to
success in job performance by HR professionals. It is the knowledge needed by HR professionals to design,
enact, evaluate, and maintain sound human resource management practices. HR professionals must acquire
comprehensive knowledge concerning policies, principles, laws, regulations, and practices (SHRM, 2016).
A necessary building block to a position that designs and develops organizational policy is knowledge and
understanding of the laws and regulations that govern the workplace. The goal of this course is not to teach
everything you will ever need to know about employment law but to present and explain the foundational
concepts that make up the law of the workplace and provide the tools to follow and apply the inevitable
evolution of employment law. The most important skill is being able to spot the legal issues in an existing or
Image of Uber smartphone application
(TruthVoice, 2016)
HRM 6302, Employment Law 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
potential situation. Once you learn to perceive where the landmines are or could potentially be waiting, you
can garner resources and research to manage around them.
One thing is clear: It is an extremely exciting time for employment law and human resources. There is much
to learn and know, as the employment law and HR landscape is constantly changing. Having solid
foundational knowledge and staying abreast of current issues and laws is the key to being able to develop
human resource strategy in these challenging times. As you work through this course, keep in mind that the
concepts covered are concepts that can and will apply to daily human resource practice. Consider how the
legal concepts apply to your experience and how they will enhance your future experience. Soon, you will
become more capable of hearing facts and seeing situations in a different way, one that involves spotting
legal issues and thinking of solutions, the hallmark of a successful HR professional.
References
Dokko, J., Mumford, M., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2015). Workers and the online gig economy: A Hamilton
Project framing paper. Brookings Institution Press.
Fisher, D. D. (2016, September 7). Appeals court deals blow to Uber class actions, holding arbitration pacts
enforceable. Forbes, 2.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc
t=true&db=bth&AN=117944918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Nagele-Piazza, L. (2016, August 22). Federal judge rejects Uber’s $100 million settlement with drivers.
Society for Human Resource Management. https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-
compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/uber-settlement-rejected.aspx
Society for Human Resource Management. (2016). The SHRM Competency Model.
https://www.shrm.org/LearningAndCareer/competency-
model/PublishingImages/pages/default/SHRM%20Competency%20Model_Detailed%20Report_Final
_SECURED.pdf
TruthVoice. (2016, November 2). Ride-Chicago [Image]. http://truthvoice.com/2016/11/this-small-startup-
wants-to-kill-uber-and-this-is-their-plan/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The following PowerPoint presentations are supplements to the textbook chapter readings and are provided
for further knowledge and review of the unit materials.
Chapter 1 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 1 presentation (PDF)
Chapter 2 presentation (PowerPoint) or Chapter 2 presentation (PDF)
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information.
HRM 6302, Employment Law 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
At the end of each chapter of your textbook, scenario-driven questions provide legal issues and realistic
situations that relate to employment law. Exploring these questions allows you the opportunity to further your
understanding of the concepts in each chapter and prepares you for similar situations you may encounter in
your workplace.
• Review the Chapter 1 questions in your textbook on pages 35–36.
• Review the Chapter 2 questions in your textbook on pages 68–70.
– 1
– 2