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    Please follow the instructions and no AI – ## Topic_Week3_Discussion6.pdf **## Topic_Week3_Discussion6.pdf** You must post before seeing replies. Edit history will be available to instructors. Due Sep 10 65 points 1 Reply (1) View Split Screen All Search entries or author… Newest First  Back …

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    – ## Topic_Week3_Discussion6.pdf

    **## Topic_Week3_Discussion6.pdf**

    You must post before seeing replies. Edit history will be available to instructors.

    Due Sep 10 65 points

    1 Reply (1)

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     Back to Week at a Glance
    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/758508

    MEASUREMENT OF CONCEPTUAL
    VARIABLES

    Last week, you learned about the importance of operationally defining variables to support the
    construct validity and internal validity of a study. Operational definitions are also important as
    you consider how to measure variables. For example, you will need to operationally define
    conceptual variables of interest (e.g., self-esteem, satisfaction, anxiety) before you can measure
    the concepts. When the measure accurately assesses the conceptual variable, it is said to have

    (https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-
    LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    face validity. Operationalizing variables is also important to the measurement concept of
    reliability, which is the consistency or stability of a measure (e.g., test and retest to achieve similar
    results).

    In this Discussion, you will gain experience writing items to create a rating scale for a conceptual
    variable of your choice, which you will administer to friends/family. Based on the responses you
    obtain, you will consider the validity and reliability of your scale.

    RESOURCES
    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.

    Review previous chapters if you need to (e.g., Chapter 4 on
    variables and operational definitions)

    Cozby, P. C., & Bates, S. C. (2024). Methods in behavioral
    research (15th ed.). McGraw Hill.

    Chapter 5, “Measurement Concepts”

    Chapter 7, “Asking People About Themselves: Survey
    Research”

    Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)
    (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
    direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-
    live&scope=site&custid=s6527200) [Database record]. APA PsycTests.
    https://doi.org/10.1037/t01038-000

    ShortCutsTV (Producer). (2018). Reliability & validity
    (https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK) [Video].
    Alexander Street.
    https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/reliability-validity

    Walden University, LLC. (2024). Creating rating scales
    (https://cdn-
    media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    Readings 

    Media 

    Optional Resources 

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    To prepare:

    Read Chapter 5 and the indicated sections of Chapter 7 (focusing on the sections
    Constructing Questions to Ask, Responses to Questions, and Rating Scales).
    Recall what you learned in this week’s Learning Activity about creating rating scales with
    numeric values, and review the example scale in the Learning Resources. Note that your
    own rating scale may differ from the examples depending on the requirements for
    measuring the conceptual variable you select.
    Identify a conceptual variable that is of interest to you. A few examples are social
    identity, risk-taking behavior, job satisfaction, employee engagement, environmental
    awareness. Once you have decided on a conceptual variable, develop an operational
    definition for the variable.
    Create your own five- to 10-item rating scale with numerical values to assess the
    conceptual variable you defined.

    Before writing the items, consider the wording of statements and possible related
    issues (e.g., double-barred statements, loaded statements, “yea-saying” and “nay-
    saying,” etc.).
    Be sure to fully develop your rating scale to include instructions for your
    participants. Note: For the version of the scale you will provide in your post, include
    coding instructions for the administrator (e.g., reverse-score certain items).

    Administer the scale to at least three friends or family members. You may administer it in
    person or via email.
    Analyze the responses you obtained (i.e., what do responses reveal related to your
    conceptual variable?).
    Reflect on the possible strengths and limitations related to the measurement reliability
    and validity of your scale.
    Prepare to upload the scale you created as an attached document (in Word or RTF
    format) to your Discussion post.

    Post a response to the following.

    [Interactive media]. Walden University Canvas.
    https://waldenu.instructure.com

    American Psychological Association. (2023, June). Psychology
    topics (https://www.apa.org/topics) . https://www.apa.org/topics

    BY DAY 3

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    Include the conceptual variable in the first line of your post (e.g., "Job Satisfaction").

    Then:

    Provide the operational definition you created for your conceptual variable.
    Explain your experience writing the scale (noting at least one challenge) and
    administering the scale.
    Provide your analysis of the responses you obtained as it relates to your conceptual
    variable. Do not include your participants’ actual responses.
    Assess the strengths and limitations of your scale’s reliability and validity, describing what
    you might do differently (if anything) in a revision.
    Attach the five- to 10-item scale with numerical values to measure a conceptual variable
    that you developed (either a Word or RTF file).

    Note: Your initial response should be supported with scholarly evidence from your research
    and/or the Learning Resources and properly cited in APA format. You may state your opinion
    and/or provide personal examples; however, you must also back up your assertions with
    evidence, including in-text citation(s) and reference(s) in APA style. It is recommended that
    you review the Grading Rubric with the criteria that will be used to evaluate your Discussion
    prior to your submission.

    Respond to at least one colleague’s original post in one or more of the ways listed below.

    Ask a probing question about their experience developing or administering the scale and
    provide the foundation, or a rationale, for the question.
    Offer an alternative way that the variables of interest in their proposed study could be
    operationally defined.
    Support or offer a different perspective to a colleague’s explanation of the strengths and
    limitations concerning the reliability and/or validity of their scale.

    Note: Your response to your colleague should be substantive and supported with scholarly
    evidence from your research and/or the Learning Resources and properly cited in APA
    format. Personal anecdotes are acceptable within meaningful responses but cannot stand
    alone as a response. Responses should enrich the initial post by supporting and/or adding a
    fresh viewpoint and be constructive, enhancing the learning for all students.

    Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before
    you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues' postings. Begin by
    clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you
    click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot

    BY DAY 5

    post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post
    Reply!

    Reply

    **## Topic_Week3_Discussion6.pdf**

    You must post before seeing replies. Edit history will be available to instructors.

    Due Sep 10 65 points

    1 Reply (1)

    View Split Screen

    All

    Search entries or author…

    Newest First

     Back to Week at a Glance
    (https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/758508

    MEASUREMENT OF CONCEPTUAL
    VARIABLES

    Last week, you learned about the importance of operationally defining variables to support the
    construct validity and internal validity of a study. Operational definitions are also important as
    you consider how to measure variables. For example, you will need to operationally define
    conceptual variables of interest (e.g., self-esteem, satisfaction, anxiety) before you can measure
    the concepts. When the measure accurately assesses the conceptual variable, it is said to have

    (https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-
    LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083)

    [https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/182224/modules/items/7585083)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/Canvas/Getty/OrigImage-LgRendition/GettyLicense_155136356.jpg)

    face validity. Operationalizing variables is also important to the measurement concept of
    reliability, which is the consistency or stability of a measure (e.g., test and retest to achieve similar
    results).

    In this Discussion, you will gain experience writing items to create a rating scale for a conceptual
    variable of your choice, which you will administer to friends/family. Based on the responses you
    obtain, you will consider the validity and reliability of your scale.

    RESOURCES
    Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.

    Review previous chapters if you need to (e.g., Chapter 4 on
    variables and operational definitions)

    Cozby, P. C., & Bates, S. C. (2024). Methods in behavioral
    research (15th ed.). McGraw Hill.

    Chapter 5, “Measurement Concepts”

    Chapter 7, “Asking People About Themselves: Survey
    Research”

    Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)
    (https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
    direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-
    live&scope=site&custid=s6527200) [Database record]. APA PsycTests.
    https://doi.org/10.1037/t01038-000

    ShortCutsTV (Producer). (2018). Reliability & validity
    (https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK) [Video].
    Alexander Street.
    https://video.alexanderstreet.com/watch/reliability-validity

    Walden University, LLC. (2024). Creating rating scales
    (https://cdn-
    media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    Readings 

    Media 

    Optional Resources 

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200](https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=pst&AN=9999-01038-000&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=s6527200)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK](https://video.alexanderstreet.com/p/NOKgzD3MK)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    [https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html](https://cdn-media.waldenu.edu/2dett4d/Walden/PSYC/3003/cr/index.html)

    To prepare:

    Read Chapter 5 and the indicated sections of Chapter 7 (focusing on the sections
    Constructing Questions to Ask, Responses to Questions, and Rating Scales).
    Recall what you learned in this week’s Learning Activity about creating rating scales with
    numeric values, and review the example scale in the Learning Resources. Note that your
    own rating scale may differ from the examples depending on the requirements for
    measuring the conceptual variable you select.
    Identify a conceptual variable that is of interest to you. A few examples are social
    identity, risk-taking behavior, job satisfaction, employee engagement, environmental
    awareness. Once you have decided on a conceptual variable, develop an operational
    definition for the variable.
    Create your own five- to 10-item rating scale with numerical values to assess the
    conceptual variable you defined.

    Before writing the items, consider the wording of statements and possible related
    issues (e.g., double-barred statements, loaded statements, “yea-saying” and “nay-
    saying,” etc.).
    Be sure to fully develop your rating scale to include instructions for your
    participants. Note: For the version of the scale you will provide in your post, include
    coding instructions for the administrator (e.g., reverse-score certain items).

    Administer the scale to at least three friends or family members. You may administer it in
    person or via email.
    Analyze the responses you obtained (i.e., what do responses reveal related to your
    conceptual variable?).
    Reflect on the possible strengths and limitations related to the measurement reliability
    and validity of your scale.
    Prepare to upload the scale you created as an attached document (in Word or RTF
    format) to your Discussion post.

    Post a response to the following.

    [Interactive media]. Walden University Canvas.
    https://waldenu.instructure.com

    American Psychological Association. (2023, June). Psychology
    topics (https://www.apa.org/topics) . https://www.apa.org/topics

    BY DAY 3

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    [https://www.apa.org/topics](https://www.apa.org/topics)

    Include the conceptual variable in the first line of your post (e.g., "Job Satisfaction").

    Then:

    Provide the operational definition you created for your conceptual variable.
    Explain your experience writing the scale (noting at least one challenge) and
    administering the scale.
    Provide your analysis of the responses you obtained as it relates to your conceptual
    variable. Do not include your participants’ actual responses.
    Assess the strengths and limitations of your scale’s reliability and validity, describing what
    you might do differently (if anything) in a revision.
    Attach the five- to 10-item scale with numerical values to measure a conceptual variable
    that you developed (either a Word or RTF file).

    Note: Your initial response should be supported with scholarly evidence from your research
    and/or the Learning Resources and properly cited in APA format. You may state your opinion
    and/or provide personal examples; however, you must also back up your assertions with
    evidence, including in-text citation(s) and reference(s) in APA style. It is recommended that
    you review the Grading Rubric with the criteria that will be used to evaluate your Discussion
    prior to your submission.

    Respond to at least one colleague’s original post in one or more of the ways listed below.

    Ask a probing question about their experience developing or administering the scale and
    provide the foundation, or a rationale, for the question.
    Offer an alternative way that the variables of interest in their proposed study could be
    operationally defined.
    Support or offer a different perspective to a colleague’s explanation of the strengths and
    limitations concerning the reliability and/or validity of their scale.

    Note: Your response to your colleague should be substantive and supported with scholarly
    evidence from your research and/or the Learning Resources and properly cited in APA
    format. Personal anecdotes are acceptable within meaningful responses but cannot stand
    alone as a response. Responses should enrich the initial post by supporting and/or adding a
    fresh viewpoint and be constructive, enhancing the learning for all students.

    Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before
    you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues' postings. Begin by
    clicking on the Reply button to complete your initial post. Remember, once you
    click on Post Reply, you cannot delete or edit your own posts and you cannot

    BY DAY 5

    post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Post
    Reply!

    Reply

  • [Solved] Notes & Major Points

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – ## Topic_CaseStudyDiscussionPost2.pdf **## Topic_CaseStudyDiscussionPost2.pdf** Due Sep 7 3.3 points 4 Replies 💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2 View Split Screen All Search entries or author… Newest First Health Case, Part II Purpose Discussion Posts, Health Case Evidence shows that much of le…

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    $6.99

    Immediate access to the full model answer, formatted citations, and rubric breakdown.

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    Have this question answered from scratch according to your specific instructions and deadline.

    Order on TutorsGallery →

    Assignment Prompt & Instructions

    – ## Topic_CaseStudyDiscussionPost2.pdf

    **## Topic_CaseStudyDiscussionPost2.pdf**

    Due Sep 7 3.3 points

    4 Replies

    💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    View Split Screen

    All

    Search entries or author…

    Newest First

    Health Case, Part II

    Purpose

    Discussion Posts, Health Case
    Evidence shows that much of learning is facilitated by student interactions; therefore, 25% of your
    final grade will come from participating in the class Discussion Posts. To facilitate and enhance
    course content understanding and application, a health disparities case study will be presented at
    the beginning of the course and will be the foundation for six (6) Discussion Posts presented
    throughout the semester. This assignment will enhance and facilitate the development of your
    critical and analytical skills as you read and understand the case, search for evidence (i.e., data)
    based solutions, develop solutions, and provide evidence-based comments to your peers.

    Tasks
    This activity requires three tasks:

    1. Read the questions carefully and provide answers linked to course material provide answers
    linked to course material as much as possible. This will support knowledge acquisition and
    increase your overall knowledge, which in turn strengthens your critical and creative thinking
    skills.

    2. After answering the post’s questions, provide a reflection or a thought (75-100 words) that
    links the content of the post to the course material, a current event, a life experience, or simply
    states your opinion about the information you have read. If you are presenting an opinion,
    provide scholarly evidence that supports it.

    3. Provide 1 or 2 comments to classmates.



    2025/9/5 14:38 Topic: 💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/1071425?module_item_id=6235914 1/8

    How to reply
    In a Word document, copy the five questions and provide an answer to each.

    1. Click on the Reply button below and copy/paste the questions with your answers.
    2. After you post your questions/answers, you can see your classmates' responses. Read/revise

    all your classmates' responses and examine whether the answers of your classmates and yours
    align. If not, identify the source of discrepancies.

    3. If you identify sources of errors in your answers, reply to your own post with the correct
    answer(s).

    4. Provide comments/suggestions to at least two of your classmates.

    \*\*\*
    CASE STUDY

    Death in Chicago: Breast Cancer Disparities

    Part II – Breast Cancer Mortality in Chicago

    Veronica slept like a log. The next morning, she felt re-energized after breakfast, and ready to
    learn more. After a short train ride, Veronica arrived at her campus. When she walked into the
    residents’ office, she noticed a few research articles had been printed and left on her desk. There
    was a sticky note on the top page that read, “These may be of interest—Evelyn.”

    Veronica used the twenty minutes before clinic to skim the articles. She was interested in
    uncovering the following data.



    2025/9/5 14:38 Topic: 💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/1071425?module_item_id=6235914 2/8

    Figure 1. Black and white age-adjusted breast cancer mortality, Chicago 1980–2005. (Based on Ansell
    et al., 2009.)

    Part II – Breast Cancer Mortality in Chicago

    Questions

    Use Figure 1 and refer to the original article Ansell et al., 2009
    ($CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1) .

    Ansell D, Grabler P, Whitman S, Ferrans C, Burgess-Bishop J, Murray LR, Rao R, Marcus E. A
    community effort to reduce the black/white breast cancer mortality disparity in Chicago. Cancer
    Causes Control. 2009 Nov;20(9):1681-8. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7
    (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    1. Describe Figure 1 above, including the x and y axes, and legend.
    2. What was the breast cancer mortality rate in 1980 for white women? For black women?
    3. What was the breast cancer mortality rate in 2005 for white women? For black women?
    4. How did the mortality rates change over time for each group shown in Figure 1? Be sure to

    discuss what may have caused the drop around 1997 for the white group.
    5. Generate at least two hypotheses for any observed disparity in Chicago in the year 2005.

    Discuss the reasoning for your hypotheses.

    \*\*\*

    Criteria for Success:

    The first five posts will be worth 4% points each, and the table below describes the success
    criteria.

    Criteria for success Percentage points

    Provide answers to all questions. 1.15%

    Provides a reflection of 75-100 words. 1.15 %

    Provides comments to classmates (1 min.) 1.0%

    Total 3.3%

    After posting your reply, select Next below to continue.

    Reply



    2025/9/5 14:38 Topic: 💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/1071425?module_item_id=6235914 3/8

    [https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1](https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1)

    [https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1](https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    **## Topic_CaseStudyDiscussionPost2.pdf**

    Due Sep 7 3.3 points

    4 Replies

    💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    View Split Screen

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    Newest First

    Health Case, Part II

    Purpose

    Discussion Posts, Health Case
    Evidence shows that much of learning is facilitated by student interactions; therefore, 25% of your
    final grade will come from participating in the class Discussion Posts. To facilitate and enhance
    course content understanding and application, a health disparities case study will be presented at
    the beginning of the course and will be the foundation for six (6) Discussion Posts presented
    throughout the semester. This assignment will enhance and facilitate the development of your
    critical and analytical skills as you read and understand the case, search for evidence (i.e., data)
    based solutions, develop solutions, and provide evidence-based comments to your peers.

    Tasks
    This activity requires three tasks:

    1. Read the questions carefully and provide answers linked to course material provide answers
    linked to course material as much as possible. This will support knowledge acquisition and
    increase your overall knowledge, which in turn strengthens your critical and creative thinking
    skills.

    2. After answering the post’s questions, provide a reflection or a thought (75-100 words) that
    links the content of the post to the course material, a current event, a life experience, or simply
    states your opinion about the information you have read. If you are presenting an opinion,
    provide scholarly evidence that supports it.

    3. Provide 1 or 2 comments to classmates.



    2025/9/5 14:38 Topic: 💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/1071425?module_item_id=6235914 1/8

    How to reply
    In a Word document, copy the five questions and provide an answer to each.

    1. Click on the Reply button below and copy/paste the questions with your answers.
    2. After you post your questions/answers, you can see your classmates' responses. Read/revise

    all your classmates' responses and examine whether the answers of your classmates and yours
    align. If not, identify the source of discrepancies.

    3. If you identify sources of errors in your answers, reply to your own post with the correct
    answer(s).

    4. Provide comments/suggestions to at least two of your classmates.

    \*\*\*
    CASE STUDY

    Death in Chicago: Breast Cancer Disparities

    Part II – Breast Cancer Mortality in Chicago

    Veronica slept like a log. The next morning, she felt re-energized after breakfast, and ready to
    learn more. After a short train ride, Veronica arrived at her campus. When she walked into the
    residents’ office, she noticed a few research articles had been printed and left on her desk. There
    was a sticky note on the top page that read, “These may be of interest—Evelyn.”

    Veronica used the twenty minutes before clinic to skim the articles. She was interested in
    uncovering the following data.



    2025/9/5 14:38 Topic: 💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/1071425?module_item_id=6235914 2/8

    Figure 1. Black and white age-adjusted breast cancer mortality, Chicago 1980–2005. (Based on Ansell
    et al., 2009.)

    Part II – Breast Cancer Mortality in Chicago

    Questions

    Use Figure 1 and refer to the original article Ansell et al., 2009
    ($CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1) .

    Ansell D, Grabler P, Whitman S, Ferrans C, Burgess-Bishop J, Murray LR, Rao R, Marcus E. A
    community effort to reduce the black/white breast cancer mortality disparity in Chicago. Cancer
    Causes Control. 2009 Nov;20(9):1681-8. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7
    (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    1. Describe Figure 1 above, including the x and y axes, and legend.
    2. What was the breast cancer mortality rate in 1980 for white women? For black women?
    3. What was the breast cancer mortality rate in 2005 for white women? For black women?
    4. How did the mortality rates change over time for each group shown in Figure 1? Be sure to

    discuss what may have caused the drop around 1997 for the white group.
    5. Generate at least two hypotheses for any observed disparity in Chicago in the year 2005.

    Discuss the reasoning for your hypotheses.

    \*\*\*

    Criteria for Success:

    The first five posts will be worth 4% points each, and the table below describes the success
    criteria.

    Criteria for success Percentage points

    Provide answers to all questions. 1.15%

    Provides a reflection of 75-100 words. 1.15 %

    Provides comments to classmates (1 min.) 1.0%

    Total 3.3%

    After posting your reply, select Next below to continue.

    Reply



    2025/9/5 14:38 Topic: 💬 ✏ Case Study Discussion Post 2

    https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/1071425?module_item_id=6235914 3/8

    [https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1](https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1)

    [https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1](https://csulb.instructure.com/courses/103548/discussion_topics/$CANVAS_COURSE_REFERENCE$/file_ref/g60546f4b657ad0ac5d289b2e258ff3ab?wrap=1)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

    [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9419-7)

  • [Solved] ecsu

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

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    Q1 (erica) Pretend that you are a modern day pharaoh (ruler). Imagine (for the sake of this writing prompt) that the title alone grants you respect normally reserved for gods in ancient times. The Egyptians believed in taking their material possessions with them into the afterlife. Your first matter…

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    Q1 (erica)
    Pretend that you are a modern day pharaoh (ruler). Imagine (for the sake of this writing prompt) that the title alone grants you respect normally reserved for gods in ancient times.
    The Egyptians believed in taking their material possessions with them into the afterlife. Your first matter of business is to publish a "royal decree" detailing the construction of your pyramid along with those items that are to be buried with you for use in the next life.
    Remember that you are living in these modern days, so you will have access to all of the modern day technology there is to offer, not to mention millions of people at your disposal. As for the items to be buried in the pyramid with you, everything you have ever wanted would be also be yours for the taking.  Students should use images to support their discussions. Make sure that the images are inserted in your response. Images should be visible in the post and not need to be downloaded
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  • [Solved] Discussion

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    Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. – With your understanding of your peers’ targeted advanced practice role, respond to 2 of their posts – expanding the discussion with your thoughts about how they describe they will be able to impact an identified health system problem. Responses ne…

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    Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts.
    – With      your understanding of your peers’ targeted advanced practice role, respond      to 2 of their posts – expanding the discussion with your thoughts about      how they describe they will be able to impact an identified health system      problem.
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    Jennifer Poulson
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                 Systems Theory is the concept that systems cannot be reduced to a series of parts functioning in isolation, but that, in order to understand the whole, one must understand the interrelations between these parts (Anderson, 2016). Systems Theory rests on the assumption that most people want to do good but are acted upon by diverse influences therefore these influences need to be accounted for and embraced (Anderson, 2016). When errors occur it is important to focus on the surrounding influences that allowed the error to occur rather than only on the individual making the error. As an advanced practiced registered nurse with an understanding of Systems Theory I will be able to impact an identified system problem by looking at the system as a whole to identify weaknesses that allowed the event to occur rather than on the individual. This will allow me to track patterns, detect system failures and create interventions to prevent the error from reoccurring. I will be able to help design a system that reduces the harm in the event a person makes a mistake, or a piece of equipment fails. It will help me improve healthcare for my patients and ensure that they are receiving high quality of care.
    References
    Anderson B. R. (2016). Improving health care by embracing Systems Theory. _The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery_, 152(2), 593–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.029
    **The Health Care System- One System with Multiple Parts**
    According to Anderson (2016), the purpose of systems theory is to look at the system as a whole vs. isolating individual parts. In order to improve healthcare systems, one must understand the interactions between all its parts (Anderson, 2016). Integrating systems theory in healthcare is meant to increase efficiency by developing common goals, focusing resources and services, and avoiding working in isolation (Benrimoj et al., 2024).
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    **References**
    Anderson, B. R. (2016). Improving healthcare by embracing systems theory. _J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 152_(2), 593-594. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.029
    Benrimoj, S. I., Calvo, B., Dineen-Griffin, S., Garcia-Cardenas, V., Fernandez-Llimos, F., Martinez-Martinez, F., & Gastelurrutia, M. A. (2024). Theories, models and frameworks for health systems integration. A scoping review. _Science Direct, 141_. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.104997Links to an external site.](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.104997)

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