Assignment Prompt & Instructions
See Attached
– 2 years ago
**files (3)**
– ## GradDiscussionRubric.pdf
– ## DiscussionWeek154525HRA2.docx
– ## APA_RequiredCoverPage_and_Template_7thed11.docx
**## GradDiscussionRubric.pdf**
TCOB Graduate Studies Discussion Rubric
Criteria No Submission
0 points
Novice
(Criterion is missing or not
in evidence)
1-13 points
Basic
(works towards meeting
expectations;
performance needs
improvement)
14-16 points
Proficient
(meets expectations;
performance is satisfactory)
17-18 points
Exemplary
(exceeds expectations;
performance is outstanding)
19-20 points
Support of
Week's Reading
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Does not refer to the
readings to support postings
(1-13 points)
Alludes to the readings
to support postings
(14-16 points)
Refers to examples from the
readings to support postings
(17-18 points)
Provides concrete examples from
the readings to support postings;
integrates prior readings in
postings
(19-20 points)
Observations No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Does not integrate personal
observations or knowledge;
does not present new
observations
(1-13 points)
Integrates personal
observations and
knowledge in a cursory
manner; does not
present new
observations
(14-16 points)
Integrates personal
observations and knowledge
in an accurate way; presents
new observations
(17-18 points)
Integrates personal observations
and knowledge in an accurate and
highly insightful way; presents
new observations
(19-20 points)
Response to
Classmates
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Responds in a cursory
manner to classmates’
postings
(1-13 points)
Constructively responds
to classmates’ postings
(14-16 points)
Constructively responds to
classmates’ postings; offers
insight that encourages other
students to think critically
about their own work.
(17-18 points)
Constructively responds to
classmates’ postings; masterfully
connects the material presented
in classmates’ postings to their
responses; encourages classmates
to think critically about their own
work.
(19-20 points)
Organization,
Word Choice,
and Sentence
Structure
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Posts are disorganized and
information is not presented
in a logical sequence; word
choice and sentence
structure are not suitable
(1-13 points)
Posts are somewhat
disorganized, and
information is not
presented in a logical
sequence; word choice
and sentence structure
are not suitable
(14-16 points)
Posts are organized, and
information is presented in a
logical sequence; word
choice and sentence
structure are suitable; there
are a few errors; however,
errors do not affect
readability.
(17-18 points)
Posts are organized and
information is presented in a
logical sequence; word choice and
sentence structure are suitable;
no errors in the response.
(19-20 points)
References No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Includes no sources to
support conclusions
(1-13 points)
Includes 1 outside
source to support and
enrich the discussion;
Includes 2 or more outside
sources to support and
enrich the discussion;
sources are properly cited in
Includes 2 or more outside
sources to support and enrich the
discussion; sources are cited using
APA format; style guidelines are
TCOB Graduate Studies Discussion Rubric
sources are not properly
cited in APA format
(14-16 points)
APA format and are properly
integrated into the discussion
response
(17-18 points)
masterfully integrated into the
discussion response.
(19-20 points)
**## DiscussionWeek154525HRA2.docx**
**Assignments 1A and 1B. Below.**
**1A. Please respond INDEPTH to the discussion question below using and citing scholarly references in APA format AND text author reference:** Moran, J. J. (2014). Employment law: new challenges in the business environment (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
**Alternative Dispute Resolution**
Howard Saari was employed by Smith Barney, Harris Upham & Co., Inc., as an account executive beginning in July 1988. He alleges that his work was satisfactory at all times. According to Saari's complaint, on or about December 14, 1988, a "sum of money, supposedly belonging to a client of Smith Barney, was supposedly stolen from the desk of a Smith Barney employee." Saari alleged he was questioned about the theft and was later asked to take a polygraph test concerning the incident, which he refused. Saari claims he was then terminated for his refusal to take the polygraph examination. Saari became a registered representative of the NYSE and thereby subject to its Rule 347, which provides that "Any controversy between a registered representative and any member or member organization arising out of the employment or termination of employment of such registered representative by and with such member or member organization shall be settled by arbitration." Saari contends that the enforcement provisions of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act show no such flexibility.
Question: Is the arbitration requirement in violation of the EPPA? Explain InDEPTH
\*\*\******************************************************************************
**1B.) **Please respond to the 2 peers' questions** using the above discussion info regarding the Employer-Employer Relationship:
**Cite 2 additional scholarly references in APA format**
**HH**..Under the EPPA it states that employers are not allowed to mandate or request a polygraph test or lie detector test for pre-employment or during-employment purposes (Employee Polygraph Protection Act, n.d.). According to Saari, he was wrongfully accused and therefore terminated on the refusal of a polygraph test. This would violate the EPPA, which again does not allow an employer to mandate or request a polygraph test. Once Saari was terminated from his employment, becoming a member of the NYSE helped contest the rule of arbitration. Rule 347 as an NYSE member “provides that arbitration of any controversy arising out of a representative's employment or unemployment” (Gilmer V. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20 (1991), n.d.).
Looking into the overall case that Saari can provide, he has a reasonable argument that arbitration needs to be the dispute resolution. With arbitration, it provides an agreed-upon individual who acts as a private judge, this person must be agreed upon by both parties to act as the arbitrator (Moran, 2014). Following, they will then dispute the issues between them and the arbitrator will then decide who is correct or incorrect on their part. Saari can argue the claim that no true evidence was formed against him and the refusal for a polygraph which again is protected by the EPPA was the cause of the termination.
In conclusion, the arbitration requirement does not violate the EPPA. Saari against Smith Barney Co. still has the case to have an arbitrational agreement, although there was no agreement set before or signed before the agreement. If Saari can contest with arbitration and provide the effects of the NYSE rule 347 along with the EPPA regulations, there should be a substantial argument allowing him to proceed further with employment or an arbitration award.
References
Employee Polygraph Protection Act. (n.d.). DOL.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph)
Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20 (1991). (n.d.). Justia Law.
[https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/20/](https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/20/)
Moran, J. J. (2014). Employment Law (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://reader2.yuzu.com/books/9780133560084
**LP…** Under the Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA), employers are barred from suggesting or requiring employees to take a lie detector test, and cannot use the results of such tests in most scenarios. Moran (2014) explains that a lie detector includes any device like polygraphs, voice-stress analyzers, or similar tools used to assess honesty. The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) creates certain protections for employees related to the use of polygraph tests.
Based on this information, it appears that the arbitration requirement itself is not inherently in violation of the EPPA (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d.). However, the EPPA does prohibit employers from taking adverse actions against employees who refuse to take a polygraph test (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d). If the termination was solely because of Howard Saari's refusal to take the polygraph test, that action itself would likely be in violation of the EPPA.
In this specific scenario, the arbitration requirement from NYSE Rule 347 does not override the protections provided by the EPPA (Moran, 2014). Howard Saari might say that his EPPA rights should be upheld in court and not through arbitration, even though his job agreement says disputes go to arbitration.
References
Moran, J.J. (2014).
_Employment law: new challenges in the business environment._ (6th Ed.). Boston: Pearson.
U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.).
**Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) (Fact Sheet #36)**.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/36-eppa](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/36-eppa)
U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.).
**Lie detector tests and the workplace: Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)**.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph)
less
**## APA_RequiredCoverPage_and_Template_7thed11.docx**
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
**Your Paper’s Title: Title Is Centered and Bold, Three or Four Lines Down**
LEAVE A BLANK SPACE
## Your Name
**Donald R. Tapia College of Business, Saint Leo University**
Course Number and Name, e.g. DBA701: Doctoral Success Lab
Your Professor’s Name, e.g. Professor Waddell
Assignment Due Date, e.g. January 21, 2020
**Graduate Studies in Business Academic Honesty Statement**
My signature entered below constitutes my pledge that all the writing in this document is my own work, except for those portions which are properly documented and cited. I understand and accept the following definition of plagiarism:
1. Plagiarism includes the literal repetition without acknowledgment of the writings of another author. All significant phrases, clauses, or passages in this paper which have been taken directly from source material have been enclosed in quotation marks and acknowledged in the text itself as well as on the Reference page.
2. Plagiarism includes borrowing another’s ideas and representing them as my own.
3. To paraphrase the thoughts of another writer without acknowledgement is plagiarism.
4. Plagiarism also includes inadequate paraphrasing. Paraphrased passages (those put into my own words) have been properly acknowledged in the text and in the references.
5. Plagiarism includes using another person or organization to prepare this paper and then submitting it as my own work.
6. Plagiarism includes resubmitting my own previous work, in whole, or in part for a current assignment without the written consent of the current instructor.
**Saint Leo University’s core value of integrity** requires that students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed. I fully understand what plagiarism is, and I further understand that if plagiarism is detected in my paper, my professor will follow the procedures for academic dishonesty set forth by Saint Leo University, the Donald R. Tapia College of Business and the Graduate Student Handbook.
**Student Signature: [Type Full Name Here]**
**Abstract [Centered, Bold]**
Start the abstract flush with the left margin; do not indent. According to the
_Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association_(APA), “An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper” (APA, 2020, p. 38). It allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like a title, it enables persons interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases. The first line of the abstract is not indented. An abstract may range from 150 to 250 words (APA, 2020). Because an abstract is not always required for student papers, adhere to your instructor’s requirements.
_Keywords:_ Follow the abstract with a selection of keywords that describe the important ideas or subjects in your paper. These help online readers search for your paper in a database.
The keyword list should have its first line indented 0.5 inches. keywords are written in lowercase (except for proper nouns) and separated by commas. Do not place a period at the end of the list.
****Title of Your Paper [Centered, Bold]****
Begin your paper on the next double-spaced line after the title, and indent all paragraphs 1/2 inch. In the updated manual on p. 154, writers are asked to include only
**one space** between sentences rather than two spaces. When writing in APA style, you have two choices for in-text citations: narrative citations or parenthetical citations. According to a fictitious book by Harding and Jiménez (2020), a narrative citation occurs when you include “authors’ names as part of your sentence” (p. 24). Furthermore, Harding and Jiménez (2020) explain that you only need to provide a page number at the end of a narrative citation when directly quoting from the source. If the authors’ names do not appear in your sentence, you will use a “parenthetical citation” (Harding & Jiménez, 2020, p. 24). Similar to the above example, you only need to include a page number when quoting the authors’ original words (Harding & Jiménez, 2020). The APA manual summarizes these rules and related concepts on pp. 261-264.
**All Headings Are Bold and Written in Title Case (Level 1, Bold, Centered)**
You can read more about formatting section headings in the APA manual on pp. 47-49. Not included in this template is a level 5 heading, which is virtually identical to a level 4 heading, except it is italicized. According to the APA (2020), “The number of levels of heading needed for a paper depends on its length and complexity; three is average. … [S]hort student papers may not require any headings” (p. 48).
**New Rules for Citations (Level 2, Bold, Left Justified)**
**_First Rule_(Level 3, Flush Left, Italicized, Bold, No Punctuation)**
Begin indented paragraph on the next line.
A couple of important new rules concerning in-text citations appear in the APA manual. The first pertains to citing works by three or more authors. Instead of writing each author’s name in the first citation, then utilizing the abbreviation “et al.” for all subsequent citations, the APA advises writers to use the “et al.” abbreviation for
_every_ in-text citation for works by three or more authors. For example, my first in-text citation for a work by three authors would look like this (Harris et al., 2020). This new guideline reduces the amount of clutter created by listing each author’s name. You can read more about the use of “et al.” on p. 266 of the APA manual.
**_Second Rule_**
The other significant change to in-text citation formatting has to do with repeating narrative citations. For example, if I am writing a paragraph focused specifically on the work of Brown (2016), I would need to provide the year in parenthesis only after the
_first_ reference to Brown. As you can see, I could write more about the groundbreaking work of Brown without cluttering my paragraph with multiple in-text citations containing the year. However, if I am referencing more than one work by Brown, I must provide a complete in-text citation after
_each_ reference to Brown. That way, my reader won’t be confused. I would also need to provide the year in any parenthetical citation referencing the author (Brown, 2016). This new rule is described on pp. 265-266 in the APA manual.
**Similar Rule. (Level 4, Indented, Plain Text, Begins Paragraph, Punctuated)** In a similar vein, if I am writing a long paraphrase of a single work, I need to provide only one in-text citation at the beginning of the paragraph as long as “the context of the writing makes it clear that the same work continues to be paraphrased” (APA, 2020, p. 269). In other words, I could continue to write more about how the manual provides a helpful figure of this rule on p. 270. I would not need to provide a citation when telling you that if the paraphrase is long enough to warrant the creation of a new paragraph, you will need to provide an in-text citation at the top of the new paragraph. As you can see, I am still discussing the APA manual in a specific context, so I am not required to cite the manual again in this paragraph unless I introduce information from a new source. Even so, if you think your professor or reader might question where you found a certain piece of information, it won’t hurt to provide an extra citation or two.
**Punctuating In-Text Citations**
So far, you might have noticed that parenthetical citations typically appear
_before_ the sentence’s end punctuation, because the parenthetical citation is just another element belonging to the sentence. However, there is one specific instance when the parenthetical citation comes
_after_ the end punctuation. In the case of block quotations (a quotation of 40 words or more), you will introduce the quotation and demarcate it using special indentation:
Pretend that this is the beginning of the block quotation. First, notice that this long quotation is not surrounded by marks. It is the
_only_ time in your paper where you will quote something without using quotation marks. Next, the quotation is indented 1/2 inch from the left, and it’s left-justified, meaning that the quote’s left margin forms a straight line up and down. Last but not least, you will provide the parenthetical citation
_after_ the end punctuation (and because it’s a direct quotation, you will include the page number). Use block quotes sparingly. (Harding, 2020, p. 49)
If the original paragraph continues after the quotation, begin on the next double-spaced line, making sure that the line is flush left. If you want to begin a new paragraph after the block quotation, you will indent the new paragraph 1/2 inch from the left margin. Finally, if you include a narrative citation when introducing the block quote (i.e. “According to Harding (2020) …”), only include the page number in the parenthetical citation after the block quote. You can read more about these rules on pp. 272-273 of the APA manual.]
**References [Centered, Bold]**
Surname, A. A., & Surname B. B. (Year). Reference entry titles are written in sentence case: Sentence case titles for articles and shorter works are plain text and capitalized as if you were writing a sentence.
_Publication Name_,
_234_(2), 40-190.
[https://doi.org/12.029303](https://doi.org/12.029303) (Example of journal article with DOI. DOI should be formatted as an active hyperlink)
Surname, C. C. (Year).
_This is the title of a book about China and India: Notice that book titles and titles of longer works are italicized_. Publisher Name. (Example of book and e-book. Writers are no longer required to identify e-book platform (e.g. “Kindle”) or database (e.g. “EBSCO”). For e-books, provide a DOI or URL if one is available. Read more on p. 321 of the manual.)
REMOVE ALL YELLOW HIGHLIGHTS IF YOU USE THIS DOCUMENT AS A WORKABLE TEMPLATE!
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |
**## APA_RequiredCoverPage_and_Template_7thed11.docx**
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
**Your Paper’s Title: Title Is Centered and Bold, Three or Four Lines Down**
LEAVE A BLANK SPACE
## Your Name
**Donald R. Tapia College of Business, Saint Leo University**
Course Number and Name, e.g. DBA701: Doctoral Success Lab
Your Professor’s Name, e.g. Professor Waddell
Assignment Due Date, e.g. January 21, 2020
**Graduate Studies in Business Academic Honesty Statement**
My signature entered below constitutes my pledge that all the writing in this document is my own work, except for those portions which are properly documented and cited. I understand and accept the following definition of plagiarism:
1. Plagiarism includes the literal repetition without acknowledgment of the writings of another author. All significant phrases, clauses, or passages in this paper which have been taken directly from source material have been enclosed in quotation marks and acknowledged in the text itself as well as on the Reference page.
2. Plagiarism includes borrowing another’s ideas and representing them as my own.
3. To paraphrase the thoughts of another writer without acknowledgement is plagiarism.
4. Plagiarism also includes inadequate paraphrasing. Paraphrased passages (those put into my own words) have been properly acknowledged in the text and in the references.
5. Plagiarism includes using another person or organization to prepare this paper and then submitting it as my own work.
6. Plagiarism includes resubmitting my own previous work, in whole, or in part for a current assignment without the written consent of the current instructor.
**Saint Leo University’s core value of integrity** requires that students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed. I fully understand what plagiarism is, and I further understand that if plagiarism is detected in my paper, my professor will follow the procedures for academic dishonesty set forth by Saint Leo University, the Donald R. Tapia College of Business and the Graduate Student Handbook.
**Student Signature: [Type Full Name Here]**
**Abstract [Centered, Bold]**
Start the abstract flush with the left margin; do not indent. According to the
_Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association_(APA), “An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper” (APA, 2020, p. 38). It allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like a title, it enables persons interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases. The first line of the abstract is not indented. An abstract may range from 150 to 250 words (APA, 2020). Because an abstract is not always required for student papers, adhere to your instructor’s requirements.
_Keywords:_ Follow the abstract with a selection of keywords that describe the important ideas or subjects in your paper. These help online readers search for your paper in a database.
The keyword list should have its first line indented 0.5 inches. keywords are written in lowercase (except for proper nouns) and separated by commas. Do not place a period at the end of the list.
****Title of Your Paper [Centered, Bold]****
Begin your paper on the next double-spaced line after the title, and indent all paragraphs 1/2 inch. In the updated manual on p. 154, writers are asked to include only
**one space** between sentences rather than two spaces. When writing in APA style, you have two choices for in-text citations: narrative citations or parenthetical citations. According to a fictitious book by Harding and Jiménez (2020), a narrative citation occurs when you include “authors’ names as part of your sentence” (p. 24). Furthermore, Harding and Jiménez (2020) explain that you only need to provide a page number at the end of a narrative citation when directly quoting from the source. If the authors’ names do not appear in your sentence, you will use a “parenthetical citation” (Harding & Jiménez, 2020, p. 24). Similar to the above example, you only need to include a page number when quoting the authors’ original words (Harding & Jiménez, 2020). The APA manual summarizes these rules and related concepts on pp. 261-264.
**All Headings Are Bold and Written in Title Case (Level 1, Bold, Centered)**
You can read more about formatting section headings in the APA manual on pp. 47-49. Not included in this template is a level 5 heading, which is virtually identical to a level 4 heading, except it is italicized. According to the APA (2020), “The number of levels of heading needed for a paper depends on its length and complexity; three is average. … [S]hort student papers may not require any headings” (p. 48).
**New Rules for Citations (Level 2, Bold, Left Justified)**
**_First Rule_(Level 3, Flush Left, Italicized, Bold, No Punctuation)**
Begin indented paragraph on the next line.
A couple of important new rules concerning in-text citations appear in the APA manual. The first pertains to citing works by three or more authors. Instead of writing each author’s name in the first citation, then utilizing the abbreviation “et al.” for all subsequent citations, the APA advises writers to use the “et al.” abbreviation for
_every_ in-text citation for works by three or more authors. For example, my first in-text citation for a work by three authors would look like this (Harris et al., 2020). This new guideline reduces the amount of clutter created by listing each author’s name. You can read more about the use of “et al.” on p. 266 of the APA manual.
**_Second Rule_**
The other significant change to in-text citation formatting has to do with repeating narrative citations. For example, if I am writing a paragraph focused specifically on the work of Brown (2016), I would need to provide the year in parenthesis only after the
_first_ reference to Brown. As you can see, I could write more about the groundbreaking work of Brown without cluttering my paragraph with multiple in-text citations containing the year. However, if I am referencing more than one work by Brown, I must provide a complete in-text citation after
_each_ reference to Brown. That way, my reader won’t be confused. I would also need to provide the year in any parenthetical citation referencing the author (Brown, 2016). This new rule is described on pp. 265-266 in the APA manual.
**Similar Rule. (Level 4, Indented, Plain Text, Begins Paragraph, Punctuated)** In a similar vein, if I am writing a long paraphrase of a single work, I need to provide only one in-text citation at the beginning of the paragraph as long as “the context of the writing makes it clear that the same work continues to be paraphrased” (APA, 2020, p. 269). In other words, I could continue to write more about how the manual provides a helpful figure of this rule on p. 270. I would not need to provide a citation when telling you that if the paraphrase is long enough to warrant the creation of a new paragraph, you will need to provide an in-text citation at the top of the new paragraph. As you can see, I am still discussing the APA manual in a specific context, so I am not required to cite the manual again in this paragraph unless I introduce information from a new source. Even so, if you think your professor or reader might question where you found a certain piece of information, it won’t hurt to provide an extra citation or two.
**Punctuating In-Text Citations**
So far, you might have noticed that parenthetical citations typically appear
_before_ the sentence’s end punctuation, because the parenthetical citation is just another element belonging to the sentence. However, there is one specific instance when the parenthetical citation comes
_after_ the end punctuation. In the case of block quotations (a quotation of 40 words or more), you will introduce the quotation and demarcate it using special indentation:
Pretend that this is the beginning of the block quotation. First, notice that this long quotation is not surrounded by marks. It is the
_only_ time in your paper where you will quote something without using quotation marks. Next, the quotation is indented 1/2 inch from the left, and it’s left-justified, meaning that the quote’s left margin forms a straight line up and down. Last but not least, you will provide the parenthetical citation
_after_ the end punctuation (and because it’s a direct quotation, you will include the page number). Use block quotes sparingly. (Harding, 2020, p. 49)
If the original paragraph continues after the quotation, begin on the next double-spaced line, making sure that the line is flush left. If you want to begin a new paragraph after the block quotation, you will indent the new paragraph 1/2 inch from the left margin. Finally, if you include a narrative citation when introducing the block quote (i.e. “According to Harding (2020) …”), only include the page number in the parenthetical citation after the block quote. You can read more about these rules on pp. 272-273 of the APA manual.]
**References [Centered, Bold]**
Surname, A. A., & Surname B. B. (Year). Reference entry titles are written in sentence case: Sentence case titles for articles and shorter works are plain text and capitalized as if you were writing a sentence.
_Publication Name_,
_234_(2), 40-190.
[https://doi.org/12.029303](https://doi.org/12.029303) (Example of journal article with DOI. DOI should be formatted as an active hyperlink)
Surname, C. C. (Year).
_This is the title of a book about China and India: Notice that book titles and titles of longer works are italicized_. Publisher Name. (Example of book and e-book. Writers are no longer required to identify e-book platform (e.g. “Kindle”) or database (e.g. “EBSCO”). For e-books, provide a DOI or URL if one is available. Read more on p. 321 of the manual.)
REMOVE ALL YELLOW HIGHLIGHTS IF YOU USE THIS DOCUMENT AS A WORKABLE TEMPLATE!
| | | |
| — | — | — |
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**## GradDiscussionRubric.pdf**
TCOB Graduate Studies Discussion Rubric
Criteria No Submission
0 points
Novice
(Criterion is missing or not
in evidence)
1-13 points
Basic
(works towards meeting
expectations;
performance needs
improvement)
14-16 points
Proficient
(meets expectations;
performance is satisfactory)
17-18 points
Exemplary
(exceeds expectations;
performance is outstanding)
19-20 points
Support of
Week's Reading
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Does not refer to the
readings to support postings
(1-13 points)
Alludes to the readings
to support postings
(14-16 points)
Refers to examples from the
readings to support postings
(17-18 points)
Provides concrete examples from
the readings to support postings;
integrates prior readings in
postings
(19-20 points)
Observations No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Does not integrate personal
observations or knowledge;
does not present new
observations
(1-13 points)
Integrates personal
observations and
knowledge in a cursory
manner; does not
present new
observations
(14-16 points)
Integrates personal
observations and knowledge
in an accurate way; presents
new observations
(17-18 points)
Integrates personal observations
and knowledge in an accurate and
highly insightful way; presents
new observations
(19-20 points)
Response to
Classmates
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Responds in a cursory
manner to classmates’
postings
(1-13 points)
Constructively responds
to classmates’ postings
(14-16 points)
Constructively responds to
classmates’ postings; offers
insight that encourages other
students to think critically
about their own work.
(17-18 points)
Constructively responds to
classmates’ postings; masterfully
connects the material presented
in classmates’ postings to their
responses; encourages classmates
to think critically about their own
work.
(19-20 points)
Organization,
Word Choice,
and Sentence
Structure
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Posts are disorganized and
information is not presented
in a logical sequence; word
choice and sentence
structure are not suitable
(1-13 points)
Posts are somewhat
disorganized, and
information is not
presented in a logical
sequence; word choice
and sentence structure
are not suitable
(14-16 points)
Posts are organized, and
information is presented in a
logical sequence; word
choice and sentence
structure are suitable; there
are a few errors; however,
errors do not affect
readability.
(17-18 points)
Posts are organized and
information is presented in a
logical sequence; word choice and
sentence structure are suitable;
no errors in the response.
(19-20 points)
References No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Includes no sources to
support conclusions
(1-13 points)
Includes 1 outside
source to support and
enrich the discussion;
Includes 2 or more outside
sources to support and
enrich the discussion;
sources are properly cited in
Includes 2 or more outside
sources to support and enrich the
discussion; sources are cited using
APA format; style guidelines are
TCOB Graduate Studies Discussion Rubric
sources are not properly
cited in APA format
(14-16 points)
APA format and are properly
integrated into the discussion
response
(17-18 points)
masterfully integrated into the
discussion response.
(19-20 points)
**## DiscussionWeek154525HRA2.docx**
**Assignments 1A and 1B. Below.**
**1A. Please respond INDEPTH to the discussion question below using and citing scholarly references in APA format AND text author reference:** Moran, J. J. (2014). Employment law: new challenges in the business environment (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
**Alternative Dispute Resolution**
Howard Saari was employed by Smith Barney, Harris Upham & Co., Inc., as an account executive beginning in July 1988. He alleges that his work was satisfactory at all times. According to Saari's complaint, on or about December 14, 1988, a "sum of money, supposedly belonging to a client of Smith Barney, was supposedly stolen from the desk of a Smith Barney employee." Saari alleged he was questioned about the theft and was later asked to take a polygraph test concerning the incident, which he refused. Saari claims he was then terminated for his refusal to take the polygraph examination. Saari became a registered representative of the NYSE and thereby subject to its Rule 347, which provides that "Any controversy between a registered representative and any member or member organization arising out of the employment or termination of employment of such registered representative by and with such member or member organization shall be settled by arbitration." Saari contends that the enforcement provisions of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act show no such flexibility.
Question: Is the arbitration requirement in violation of the EPPA? Explain InDEPTH
\*\*\******************************************************************************
**1B.) **Please respond to the 2 peers' questions** using the above discussion info regarding the Employer-Employer Relationship:
**Cite 2 additional scholarly references in APA format**
**HH**..Under the EPPA it states that employers are not allowed to mandate or request a polygraph test or lie detector test for pre-employment or during-employment purposes (Employee Polygraph Protection Act, n.d.). According to Saari, he was wrongfully accused and therefore terminated on the refusal of a polygraph test. This would violate the EPPA, which again does not allow an employer to mandate or request a polygraph test. Once Saari was terminated from his employment, becoming a member of the NYSE helped contest the rule of arbitration. Rule 347 as an NYSE member “provides that arbitration of any controversy arising out of a representative's employment or unemployment” (Gilmer V. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20 (1991), n.d.).
Looking into the overall case that Saari can provide, he has a reasonable argument that arbitration needs to be the dispute resolution. With arbitration, it provides an agreed-upon individual who acts as a private judge, this person must be agreed upon by both parties to act as the arbitrator (Moran, 2014). Following, they will then dispute the issues between them and the arbitrator will then decide who is correct or incorrect on their part. Saari can argue the claim that no true evidence was formed against him and the refusal for a polygraph which again is protected by the EPPA was the cause of the termination.
In conclusion, the arbitration requirement does not violate the EPPA. Saari against Smith Barney Co. still has the case to have an arbitrational agreement, although there was no agreement set before or signed before the agreement. If Saari can contest with arbitration and provide the effects of the NYSE rule 347 along with the EPPA regulations, there should be a substantial argument allowing him to proceed further with employment or an arbitration award.
References
Employee Polygraph Protection Act. (n.d.). DOL.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph)
Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20 (1991). (n.d.). Justia Law.
[https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/20/](https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/20/)
Moran, J. J. (2014). Employment Law (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://reader2.yuzu.com/books/9780133560084
**LP…** Under the Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA), employers are barred from suggesting or requiring employees to take a lie detector test, and cannot use the results of such tests in most scenarios. Moran (2014) explains that a lie detector includes any device like polygraphs, voice-stress analyzers, or similar tools used to assess honesty. The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) creates certain protections for employees related to the use of polygraph tests.
Based on this information, it appears that the arbitration requirement itself is not inherently in violation of the EPPA (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d.). However, the EPPA does prohibit employers from taking adverse actions against employees who refuse to take a polygraph test (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d). If the termination was solely because of Howard Saari's refusal to take the polygraph test, that action itself would likely be in violation of the EPPA.
In this specific scenario, the arbitration requirement from NYSE Rule 347 does not override the protections provided by the EPPA (Moran, 2014). Howard Saari might say that his EPPA rights should be upheld in court and not through arbitration, even though his job agreement says disputes go to arbitration.
References
Moran, J.J. (2014).
_Employment law: new challenges in the business environment._ (6th Ed.). Boston: Pearson.
U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.).
**Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) (Fact Sheet #36)**.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/36-eppa](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/36-eppa)
U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.).
**Lie detector tests and the workplace: Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)**.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph)
less
**## APA_RequiredCoverPage_and_Template_7thed11.docx**
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
**Your Paper’s Title: Title Is Centered and Bold, Three or Four Lines Down**
LEAVE A BLANK SPACE
## Your Name
**Donald R. Tapia College of Business, Saint Leo University**
Course Number and Name, e.g. DBA701: Doctoral Success Lab
Your Professor’s Name, e.g. Professor Waddell
Assignment Due Date, e.g. January 21, 2020
**Graduate Studies in Business Academic Honesty Statement**
My signature entered below constitutes my pledge that all the writing in this document is my own work, except for those portions which are properly documented and cited. I understand and accept the following definition of plagiarism:
1. Plagiarism includes the literal repetition without acknowledgment of the writings of another author. All significant phrases, clauses, or passages in this paper which have been taken directly from source material have been enclosed in quotation marks and acknowledged in the text itself as well as on the Reference page.
2. Plagiarism includes borrowing another’s ideas and representing them as my own.
3. To paraphrase the thoughts of another writer without acknowledgement is plagiarism.
4. Plagiarism also includes inadequate paraphrasing. Paraphrased passages (those put into my own words) have been properly acknowledged in the text and in the references.
5. Plagiarism includes using another person or organization to prepare this paper and then submitting it as my own work.
6. Plagiarism includes resubmitting my own previous work, in whole, or in part for a current assignment without the written consent of the current instructor.
**Saint Leo University’s core value of integrity** requires that students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed. I fully understand what plagiarism is, and I further understand that if plagiarism is detected in my paper, my professor will follow the procedures for academic dishonesty set forth by Saint Leo University, the Donald R. Tapia College of Business and the Graduate Student Handbook.
**Student Signature: [Type Full Name Here]**
**Abstract [Centered, Bold]**
Start the abstract flush with the left margin; do not indent. According to the
_Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association_(APA), “An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper” (APA, 2020, p. 38). It allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like a title, it enables persons interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases. The first line of the abstract is not indented. An abstract may range from 150 to 250 words (APA, 2020). Because an abstract is not always required for student papers, adhere to your instructor’s requirements.
_Keywords:_ Follow the abstract with a selection of keywords that describe the important ideas or subjects in your paper. These help online readers search for your paper in a database.
The keyword list should have its first line indented 0.5 inches. keywords are written in lowercase (except for proper nouns) and separated by commas. Do not place a period at the end of the list.
****Title of Your Paper [Centered, Bold]****
Begin your paper on the next double-spaced line after the title, and indent all paragraphs 1/2 inch. In the updated manual on p. 154, writers are asked to include only
**one space** between sentences rather than two spaces. When writing in APA style, you have two choices for in-text citations: narrative citations or parenthetical citations. According to a fictitious book by Harding and Jiménez (2020), a narrative citation occurs when you include “authors’ names as part of your sentence” (p. 24). Furthermore, Harding and Jiménez (2020) explain that you only need to provide a page number at the end of a narrative citation when directly quoting from the source. If the authors’ names do not appear in your sentence, you will use a “parenthetical citation” (Harding & Jiménez, 2020, p. 24). Similar to the above example, you only need to include a page number when quoting the authors’ original words (Harding & Jiménez, 2020). The APA manual summarizes these rules and related concepts on pp. 261-264.
**All Headings Are Bold and Written in Title Case (Level 1, Bold, Centered)**
You can read more about formatting section headings in the APA manual on pp. 47-49. Not included in this template is a level 5 heading, which is virtually identical to a level 4 heading, except it is italicized. According to the APA (2020), “The number of levels of heading needed for a paper depends on its length and complexity; three is average. … [S]hort student papers may not require any headings” (p. 48).
**New Rules for Citations (Level 2, Bold, Left Justified)**
**_First Rule_(Level 3, Flush Left, Italicized, Bold, No Punctuation)**
Begin indented paragraph on the next line.
A couple of important new rules concerning in-text citations appear in the APA manual. The first pertains to citing works by three or more authors. Instead of writing each author’s name in the first citation, then utilizing the abbreviation “et al.” for all subsequent citations, the APA advises writers to use the “et al.” abbreviation for
_every_ in-text citation for works by three or more authors. For example, my first in-text citation for a work by three authors would look like this (Harris et al., 2020). This new guideline reduces the amount of clutter created by listing each author’s name. You can read more about the use of “et al.” on p. 266 of the APA manual.
**_Second Rule_**
The other significant change to in-text citation formatting has to do with repeating narrative citations. For example, if I am writing a paragraph focused specifically on the work of Brown (2016), I would need to provide the year in parenthesis only after the
_first_ reference to Brown. As you can see, I could write more about the groundbreaking work of Brown without cluttering my paragraph with multiple in-text citations containing the year. However, if I am referencing more than one work by Brown, I must provide a complete in-text citation after
_each_ reference to Brown. That way, my reader won’t be confused. I would also need to provide the year in any parenthetical citation referencing the author (Brown, 2016). This new rule is described on pp. 265-266 in the APA manual.
**Similar Rule. (Level 4, Indented, Plain Text, Begins Paragraph, Punctuated)** In a similar vein, if I am writing a long paraphrase of a single work, I need to provide only one in-text citation at the beginning of the paragraph as long as “the context of the writing makes it clear that the same work continues to be paraphrased” (APA, 2020, p. 269). In other words, I could continue to write more about how the manual provides a helpful figure of this rule on p. 270. I would not need to provide a citation when telling you that if the paraphrase is long enough to warrant the creation of a new paragraph, you will need to provide an in-text citation at the top of the new paragraph. As you can see, I am still discussing the APA manual in a specific context, so I am not required to cite the manual again in this paragraph unless I introduce information from a new source. Even so, if you think your professor or reader might question where you found a certain piece of information, it won’t hurt to provide an extra citation or two.
**Punctuating In-Text Citations**
So far, you might have noticed that parenthetical citations typically appear
_before_ the sentence’s end punctuation, because the parenthetical citation is just another element belonging to the sentence. However, there is one specific instance when the parenthetical citation comes
_after_ the end punctuation. In the case of block quotations (a quotation of 40 words or more), you will introduce the quotation and demarcate it using special indentation:
Pretend that this is the beginning of the block quotation. First, notice that this long quotation is not surrounded by marks. It is the
_only_ time in your paper where you will quote something without using quotation marks. Next, the quotation is indented 1/2 inch from the left, and it’s left-justified, meaning that the quote’s left margin forms a straight line up and down. Last but not least, you will provide the parenthetical citation
_after_ the end punctuation (and because it’s a direct quotation, you will include the page number). Use block quotes sparingly. (Harding, 2020, p. 49)
If the original paragraph continues after the quotation, begin on the next double-spaced line, making sure that the line is flush left. If you want to begin a new paragraph after the block quotation, you will indent the new paragraph 1/2 inch from the left margin. Finally, if you include a narrative citation when introducing the block quote (i.e. “According to Harding (2020) …”), only include the page number in the parenthetical citation after the block quote. You can read more about these rules on pp. 272-273 of the APA manual.]
**References [Centered, Bold]**
Surname, A. A., & Surname B. B. (Year). Reference entry titles are written in sentence case: Sentence case titles for articles and shorter works are plain text and capitalized as if you were writing a sentence.
_Publication Name_,
_234_(2), 40-190.
[https://doi.org/12.029303](https://doi.org/12.029303) (Example of journal article with DOI. DOI should be formatted as an active hyperlink)
Surname, C. C. (Year).
_This is the title of a book about China and India: Notice that book titles and titles of longer works are italicized_. Publisher Name. (Example of book and e-book. Writers are no longer required to identify e-book platform (e.g. “Kindle”) or database (e.g. “EBSCO”). For e-books, provide a DOI or URL if one is available. Read more on p. 321 of the manual.)
REMOVE ALL YELLOW HIGHLIGHTS IF YOU USE THIS DOCUMENT AS A WORKABLE TEMPLATE!
| | | |
| — | — | — |
| | | |
**## GradDiscussionRubric.pdf**
TCOB Graduate Studies Discussion Rubric
Criteria No Submission
0 points
Novice
(Criterion is missing or not
in evidence)
1-13 points
Basic
(works towards meeting
expectations;
performance needs
improvement)
14-16 points
Proficient
(meets expectations;
performance is satisfactory)
17-18 points
Exemplary
(exceeds expectations;
performance is outstanding)
19-20 points
Support of
Week's Reading
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Does not refer to the
readings to support postings
(1-13 points)
Alludes to the readings
to support postings
(14-16 points)
Refers to examples from the
readings to support postings
(17-18 points)
Provides concrete examples from
the readings to support postings;
integrates prior readings in
postings
(19-20 points)
Observations No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Does not integrate personal
observations or knowledge;
does not present new
observations
(1-13 points)
Integrates personal
observations and
knowledge in a cursory
manner; does not
present new
observations
(14-16 points)
Integrates personal
observations and knowledge
in an accurate way; presents
new observations
(17-18 points)
Integrates personal observations
and knowledge in an accurate and
highly insightful way; presents
new observations
(19-20 points)
Response to
Classmates
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Responds in a cursory
manner to classmates’
postings
(1-13 points)
Constructively responds
to classmates’ postings
(14-16 points)
Constructively responds to
classmates’ postings; offers
insight that encourages other
students to think critically
about their own work.
(17-18 points)
Constructively responds to
classmates’ postings; masterfully
connects the material presented
in classmates’ postings to their
responses; encourages classmates
to think critically about their own
work.
(19-20 points)
Organization,
Word Choice,
and Sentence
Structure
No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Posts are disorganized and
information is not presented
in a logical sequence; word
choice and sentence
structure are not suitable
(1-13 points)
Posts are somewhat
disorganized, and
information is not
presented in a logical
sequence; word choice
and sentence structure
are not suitable
(14-16 points)
Posts are organized, and
information is presented in a
logical sequence; word
choice and sentence
structure are suitable; there
are a few errors; however,
errors do not affect
readability.
(17-18 points)
Posts are organized and
information is presented in a
logical sequence; word choice and
sentence structure are suitable;
no errors in the response.
(19-20 points)
References No Student
Submission
(0 points)
Includes no sources to
support conclusions
(1-13 points)
Includes 1 outside
source to support and
enrich the discussion;
Includes 2 or more outside
sources to support and
enrich the discussion;
sources are properly cited in
Includes 2 or more outside
sources to support and enrich the
discussion; sources are cited using
APA format; style guidelines are
TCOB Graduate Studies Discussion Rubric
sources are not properly
cited in APA format
(14-16 points)
APA format and are properly
integrated into the discussion
response
(17-18 points)
masterfully integrated into the
discussion response.
(19-20 points)
**## DiscussionWeek154525HRA2.docx**
**Assignments 1A and 1B. Below.**
**1A. Please respond INDEPTH to the discussion question below using and citing scholarly references in APA format AND text author reference:** Moran, J. J. (2014). Employment law: new challenges in the business environment (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
**Alternative Dispute Resolution**
Howard Saari was employed by Smith Barney, Harris Upham & Co., Inc., as an account executive beginning in July 1988. He alleges that his work was satisfactory at all times. According to Saari's complaint, on or about December 14, 1988, a "sum of money, supposedly belonging to a client of Smith Barney, was supposedly stolen from the desk of a Smith Barney employee." Saari alleged he was questioned about the theft and was later asked to take a polygraph test concerning the incident, which he refused. Saari claims he was then terminated for his refusal to take the polygraph examination. Saari became a registered representative of the NYSE and thereby subject to its Rule 347, which provides that "Any controversy between a registered representative and any member or member organization arising out of the employment or termination of employment of such registered representative by and with such member or member organization shall be settled by arbitration." Saari contends that the enforcement provisions of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act show no such flexibility.
Question: Is the arbitration requirement in violation of the EPPA? Explain InDEPTH
\*\*\******************************************************************************
**1B.) **Please respond to the 2 peers' questions** using the above discussion info regarding the Employer-Employer Relationship:
**Cite 2 additional scholarly references in APA format**
**HH**..Under the EPPA it states that employers are not allowed to mandate or request a polygraph test or lie detector test for pre-employment or during-employment purposes (Employee Polygraph Protection Act, n.d.). According to Saari, he was wrongfully accused and therefore terminated on the refusal of a polygraph test. This would violate the EPPA, which again does not allow an employer to mandate or request a polygraph test. Once Saari was terminated from his employment, becoming a member of the NYSE helped contest the rule of arbitration. Rule 347 as an NYSE member “provides that arbitration of any controversy arising out of a representative's employment or unemployment” (Gilmer V. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20 (1991), n.d.).
Looking into the overall case that Saari can provide, he has a reasonable argument that arbitration needs to be the dispute resolution. With arbitration, it provides an agreed-upon individual who acts as a private judge, this person must be agreed upon by both parties to act as the arbitrator (Moran, 2014). Following, they will then dispute the issues between them and the arbitrator will then decide who is correct or incorrect on their part. Saari can argue the claim that no true evidence was formed against him and the refusal for a polygraph which again is protected by the EPPA was the cause of the termination.
In conclusion, the arbitration requirement does not violate the EPPA. Saari against Smith Barney Co. still has the case to have an arbitrational agreement, although there was no agreement set before or signed before the agreement. If Saari can contest with arbitration and provide the effects of the NYSE rule 347 along with the EPPA regulations, there should be a substantial argument allowing him to proceed further with employment or an arbitration award.
References
Employee Polygraph Protection Act. (n.d.). DOL.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph)
Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 500 U.S. 20 (1991). (n.d.). Justia Law.
[https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/20/](https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/20/)
Moran, J. J. (2014). Employment Law (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://reader2.yuzu.com/books/9780133560084
**LP…** Under the Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA), employers are barred from suggesting or requiring employees to take a lie detector test, and cannot use the results of such tests in most scenarios. Moran (2014) explains that a lie detector includes any device like polygraphs, voice-stress analyzers, or similar tools used to assess honesty. The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) creates certain protections for employees related to the use of polygraph tests.
Based on this information, it appears that the arbitration requirement itself is not inherently in violation of the EPPA (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d.). However, the EPPA does prohibit employers from taking adverse actions against employees who refuse to take a polygraph test (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d). If the termination was solely because of Howard Saari's refusal to take the polygraph test, that action itself would likely be in violation of the EPPA.
In this specific scenario, the arbitration requirement from NYSE Rule 347 does not override the protections provided by the EPPA (Moran, 2014). Howard Saari might say that his EPPA rights should be upheld in court and not through arbitration, even though his job agreement says disputes go to arbitration.
References
Moran, J.J. (2014).
_Employment law: new challenges in the business environment._ (6th Ed.). Boston: Pearson.
U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.).
**Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) (Fact Sheet #36)**.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/36-eppa](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/36-eppa)
U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.).
**Lie detector tests and the workplace: Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)**.
[https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph](https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/polygraph)
less
**## APA_RequiredCoverPage_and_Template_7thed11.docx**
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
SHORTENED TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS 1
**Your Paper’s Title: Title Is Centered and Bold, Three or Four Lines Down**
LEAVE A BLANK SPACE
## Your Name
**Donald R. Tapia College of Business, Saint Leo University**
Course Number and Name, e.g. DBA701: Doctoral Success Lab
Your Professor’s Name, e.g. Professor Waddell
Assignment Due Date, e.g. January 21, 2020
**Graduate Studies in Business Academic Honesty Statement**
My signature entered below constitutes my pledge that all the writing in this document is my own work, except for those portions which are properly documented and cited. I understand and accept the following definition of plagiarism:
1. Plagiarism includes the literal repetition without acknowledgment of the writings of another author. All significant phrases, clauses, or passages in this paper which have been taken directly from source material have been enclosed in quotation marks and acknowledged in the text itself as well as on the Reference page.
2. Plagiarism includes borrowing another’s ideas and representing them as my own.
3. To paraphrase the thoughts of another writer without acknowledgement is plagiarism.
4. Plagiarism also includes inadequate paraphrasing. Paraphrased passages (those put into my own words) have been properly acknowledged in the text and in the references.
5. Plagiarism includes using another person or organization to prepare this paper and then submitting it as my own work.
6. Plagiarism includes resubmitting my own previous work, in whole, or in part for a current assignment without the written consent of the current instructor.
**Saint Leo University’s core value of integrity** requires that students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed. I fully understand what plagiarism is, and I further understand that if plagiarism is detected in my paper, my professor will follow the procedures for academic dishonesty set forth by Saint Leo University, the Donald R. Tapia College of Business and the Graduate Student Handbook.
**Student Signature: [Type Full Name Here]**
**Abstract [Centered, Bold]**
Start the abstract flush with the left margin; do not indent. According to the
_Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association_(APA), “An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper” (APA, 2020, p. 38). It allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like a title, it enables persons interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases. The first line of the abstract is not indented. An abstract may range from 150 to 250 words (APA, 2020). Because an abstract is not always required for student papers, adhere to your instructor’s requirements.
_Keywords:_ Follow the abstract with a selection of keywords that describe the important ideas or subjects in your paper. These help online readers search for your paper in a database.
The keyword list should have its first line indented 0.5 inches. keywords are written in lowercase (except for proper nouns) and separated by commas. Do not place a period at the end of the list.
****Title of Your Paper [Centered, Bold]****
Begin your paper on the next double-spaced line after the title, and indent all paragraphs 1/2 inch. In the updated manual on p. 154, writers are asked to include only
**one space** between sentences rather than two spaces. When writing in APA style, you have two choices for in-text citations: narrative citations or parenthetical citations. According to a fictitious book by Harding and Jiménez (2020), a narrative citation occurs when you include “authors’ names as part of your sentence” (p. 24). Furthermore, Harding and Jiménez (2020) explain that you only need to provide a page number at the end of a narrative citation when directly quoting from the source. If the authors’ names do not appear in your sentence, you will use a “parenthetical citation” (Harding & Jiménez, 2020, p. 24). Similar to the above example, you only need to include a page number when quoting the authors’ original words (Harding & Jiménez, 2020). The APA manual summarizes these rules and related concepts on pp. 261-264.
**All Headings Are Bold and Written in Title Case (Level 1, Bold, Centered)**
You can read more about formatting section headings in the APA manual on pp. 47-49. Not included in this template is a level 5 heading, which is virtually identical to a level 4 heading, except it is italicized. According to the APA (2020), “The number of levels of heading needed for a paper depends on its length and complexity; three is average. … [S]hort student papers may not require any headings” (p. 48).
**New Rules for Citations (Level 2, Bold, Left Justified)**
**_First Rule_(Level 3, Flush Left, Italicized, Bold, No Punctuation)**
Begin indented paragraph on the next line.
A couple of important new rules concerning in-text citations appear in the APA manual. The first pertains to citing works by three or more authors. Instead of writing each author’s name in the first citation, then utilizing the abbreviation “et al.” for all subsequent citations, the APA advises writers to use the “et al.” abbreviation for
_every_ in-text citation for works by three or more authors. For example, my first in-text citation for a work by three authors would look like this (Harris et al., 2020). This new guideline reduces the amount of clutter created by listing each author’s name. You can read more about the use of “et al.” on p. 266 of the APA manual.
**_Second Rule_**
The other significant change to in-text citation formatting has to do with repeating narrative citations. For example, if I am writing a paragraph focused specifically on the work of Brown (2016), I would need to provide the year in parenthesis only after the
_first_ reference to Brown. As you can see, I could write more about the groundbreaking work of Brown without cluttering my paragraph with multiple in-text citations containing the year. However, if I am referencing more than one work by Brown, I must provide a complete in-text citation after
_each_ reference to Brown. That way, my reader won’t be confused. I would also need to provide the year in any parenthetical citation referencing the author (Brown, 2016). This new rule is described on pp. 265-266 in the APA manual.
**Similar Rule. (Level 4, Indented, Plain Text, Begins Paragraph, Punctuated)** In a similar vein, if I am writing a long paraphrase of a single work, I need to provide only one in-text citation at the beginning of the paragraph as long as “the context of the writing makes it clear that the same work continues to be paraphrased” (APA, 2020, p. 269). In other words, I could continue to write more about how the manual provides a helpful figure of this rule on p. 270. I would not need to provide a citation when telling you that if the paraphrase is long enough to warrant the creation of a new paragraph, you will need to provide an in-text citation at the top of the new paragraph. As you can see, I am still discussing the APA manual in a specific context, so I am not required to cite the manual again in this paragraph unless I introduce information from a new source. Even so, if you think your professor or reader might question where you found a certain piece of information, it won’t hurt to provide an extra citation or two.
**Punctuating In-Text Citations**
So far, you might have noticed that parenthetical citations typically appear
_before_ the sentence’s end punctuation, because the parenthetical citation is just another element belonging to the sentence. However, there is one specific instance when the parenthetical citation comes
_after_ the end punctuation. In the case of block quotations (a quotation of 40 words or more), you will introduce the quotation and demarcate it using special indentation:
Pretend that this is the beginning of the block quotation. First, notice that this long quotation is not surrounded by marks. It is the
_only_ time in your paper where you will quote something without using quotation marks. Next, the quotation is indented 1/2 inch from the left, and it’s left-justified, meaning that the quote’s left margin forms a straight line up and down. Last but not least, you will provide the parenthetical citation
_after_ the end punctuation (and because it’s a direct quotation, you will include the page number). Use block quotes sparingly. (Harding, 2020, p. 49)
If the original paragraph continues after the quotation, begin on the next double-spaced line, making sure that the line is flush left. If you want to begin a new paragraph after the block quotation, you will indent the new paragraph 1/2 inch from the left margin. Finally, if you include a narrative citation when introducing the block quote (i.e. “According to Harding (2020) …”), only include the page number in the parenthetical citation after the block quote. You can read more about these rules on pp. 272-273 of the APA manual.]
**References [Centered, Bold]**
Surname, A. A., & Surname B. B. (Year). Reference entry titles are written in sentence case: Sentence case titles for articles and shorter works are plain text and capitalized as if you were writing a sentence.
_Publication Name_,
_234_(2), 40-190.
[https://doi.org/12.029303](https://doi.org/12.029303) (Example of journal article with DOI. DOI should be formatted as an active hyperlink)
Surname, C. C. (Year).
_This is the title of a book about China and India: Notice that book titles and titles of longer works are italicized_. Publisher Name. (Example of book and e-book. Writers are no longer required to identify e-book platform (e.g. “Kindle”) or database (e.g. “EBSCO”). For e-books, provide a DOI or URL if one is available. Read more on p. 321 of the manual.)
REMOVE ALL YELLOW HIGHLIGHTS IF YOU USE THIS DOCUMENT AS A WORKABLE TEMPLATE!
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