Assignment Prompt & Instructions
– ## DevelopingCategoriesfortheLiteratureReview.docx
– ## CriticalAnnotatedBibliography12.docx
**## DevelopingCategoriesfortheLiteratureReview.docx**
2
In this discussion topic, we will explore some resources that are designed to help students understand the concept of a
_literature review_. Please browse these resources and then complete the discussion post below.
· the article by Debora F.B. Leite, Maria Auxiliadora Soares Padilha, Jose G. Cecatti, "Approaching Literature Review for Academic Purposes: The Literature Review Checklist." Please use this
[pdf version](https://learn.umgc.edu/content/enforced/633182-003683-01-2222-OL3-7360/approachingliteraturereviewsacademicweek51-s2.0-S1807593222007438-main.pdf?_&d2lSessionVal=36PUA1Nj7axqXseSn0QtaHgUX).
· the tutorial from The University of North Carolina on writing literature reviews. You can find this link in Content/Learning Resources for this week.
Task:
After reviewing the material on writing the Literature Review posted above, please return to your annotated bibliography, or your last assignment, and begin developing "categories" to help you to organize your sources. For the literature review, you will want to collect your sources into themes, or categories. There are many ways to develop categories–thematic, schools of thought, major authors, or chronological.
**Example:** Say that my topic was on
_women and humor_ and I wanted to develop thematic categories for my literature review. I would gather current sources from authors researching on many aspects of the topic. However, as I read them over, I might discover that several of them discuss what women's humor consists of, while others might talk about the difference between men's humor and women's humor, and still others might discuss the history of women's humor. So, I would divide them up into categories:
_defining women's humor_,
_men's humor versus women's humor_, and
_the history of women's humor_.
Post one category based on
_your topic_ below and list at least three sources that might fill that category. Remember that some sources may fall into more than one category. Please feel free to post questions or concerns because your instructor wants to help you. Please respond generously to at least two of your classmates.
**## CriticalAnnotatedBibliography12.docx**
4
**Critical Annotated Bibliography**
Student
Institution
Course
Tutor
Date
**Stress Management and the Clinical Interventions in Psychology**
Boucher, E., Ward, H., Miles, C., Henry, R. D., & Stoeckl, S. E. (2024). Effects of a digital mental health intervention on perceived stress and rumination in adolescents aged 13 to 17: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint).
_JMIR. Journal of Medical Internet Research/Journal of Medical Internet Research_,
_26_. https://doi.org/10.2196/54282
This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of an online mental health intervention, Happify for Teens, for stress management and reducing rumination among adolescents. The intervention showed a significant reduction in perceived stress and rumination in the treatment group compared to the waitlist group over 12 weeks. The program, which is based on CBT, mindfulness, and positive psychology, was well-received and suggests that digital interventions could be a convenient and scalable mental health solution for adolescents. Despite these positive results, the study indicates that it is still unclear how the program impacts long-term mental health and that further investigation is warranted. The intervention's digital characteristics constitute one avenue by which adolescent mental health services could be expanded. This article largely contains my research. It offers insights into how digital tools can intervene in transdiagnostic risk factors, such as stress and rumination, which are key areas in clinical psychology for adolescent mental health outcomes.
Cuijpers, P., Pineda, B. S., Quero, S., Karyotaki, E., Struijs, S. Y., Figueroa, C. A., … & Muñoz, R. F. (2021). Psychological interventions to prevent the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
_Clinical Psychology Review_, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101955
The current meta-analytic study explores the effectiveness of psychological intervention in the onset of depressive disorders, offering analyses for persons with no diagnosis of depression at baseline. The synthesis was drawn from 50 random controlled trials which in total draw over 14,000 subjects. The study inferred that psychological preventive interventions, indicated chiefly cognitive-behavioral therapy, would prevent 19% of the development of depression. As such, psychological interventions appear to be useful in preventing disorders such as depression, especially in well-defined risk groups such as persons with a family history of depression or persons currently putting a lot of stress on themselves. The study presumes these interventions as being effective for short-term prevention, whereas their long-term effect is yet to be established. While the study is quite large and employs good methodology, they note the effect might differ, based on the patient’s initial risk and the intervention provided. The article will hold great importance in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression, in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression and will provide feedback into the future practice of clinicians in mental health prevention.
Duagi, D., Carter, B., Farrelly, M., Lisk, S., Shearer, J., Byford, S., James, K., & Brown, J. (2024). Long-term effects of psychosocial interventions for adolescents on depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_EClinicalMedicine_,
_68_. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102382
The systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate how psychosocial interventions influence the long-term management of adolescent depression and anxiety. A sum of 57 studies with a combined sample size of 46,678 was introduced into the analysis. According to the findings, psychosocial interventions generated slight but sustained decreases in depressive symptoms up to two years after follow-up. The changes in anxiety symptoms were negligible, however. The study emphasized that interventions with more potent effects were provided by trained mental health professionals, particularly when the intervention was targeted. While presenting promising prevention effects for adolescent depression, this study also emphasized the need to improve access to such services, primarily through schools. This study is of immense importance given its broad scope: both universal and targeted interventions, which thus provide a panoramic perspective on how adolescent mental health may be affected by different approaches. However, due to the nonsignificant findings for anxiety, its implementations for handling broader adolescent mental health problems are limited. The article will shed light on incorporating psychosocial interventions into mental health prevention strategies for children and adolescents in clinical and school-based domains.
Fazia, T., Bubbico, F., Nova, A., Chiara Buizza, Cela, H., Iozzi, D., Beril Calgan, Maggi, F., Floris, V., Sutti, I., Bruno, S., Ghilardi, A., & Bernardinelli, L. (2023). Improving stress management, anxiety, and mental well-being in medical students through an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention: a randomized study.
_Scientific Reports_,
_13_(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35483-z
This randomized trial examines the efficacy of an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention to reduce stress and anxiety among medical students. The intervention combined mindfulness exercises, yoga, and dietary advice. There were significant improvements in mental well-being, emotional regulation, and stress management in the intervention group compared to the control subjects. The results thus suggest that interventions to develop mindfulness skills in individuals, mainly through an online user-friendly program, can effectively reduce stress and build emotional resilience in high-stress academic settings like medical school. The study fills a gap in the literature by studying issues unique to medical students, among whom high stress levels are nearly constant. While the research was intense in its well-defined methods and meaningful results, its limitations were the relatively short follow-up period and bias in the self-reported measurement sources. This study is germane to research in clinical psychology, especially in stressing online-based interventions as accessible means for managing stress and emotional well-being among students and practitioners in high-pressure environments.
Rogerson, O., Wilding, S., Prudenzi, A., & O’Connor, D. B. (2023). Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_Psychoneuroendocrinology_,
_159_(159).
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415)
The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions on salivary cortisol (primary stress hormone) by considering 58 trials and 3,508 participants. Mindfulness and relaxation exercises showed a medium positive effect size favoring a decrease in cortisol, with mind-body and talking therapies showing a lesser effect. The interventions with active control groups showed larger effects than those with passive controls as well. As previously mentioned, mindfulness, most notably psychological interventions, helps reduce the physiological stress response, which further emphasizes the data's role in cortisol as a biological marker of stress. The authors noted the citations of the article might reflect the impact of methodological differences in non-pharmaceutical forms of cortisol measurement due to differences in the sample types (blood, saliva, hair, etc.). This article is pertinent to my purview on stress management in clinical environments as it aids in understanding the physiological grounding through which certain interventions deliver their impact. Therefore, how cortisol is regulated will be critical to understanding evidence-based clinical psychology approaches to managing stress
**## CriticalAnnotatedBibliography12.docx**
4
**Critical Annotated Bibliography**
Student
Institution
Course
Tutor
Date
**Stress Management and the Clinical Interventions in Psychology**
Boucher, E., Ward, H., Miles, C., Henry, R. D., & Stoeckl, S. E. (2024). Effects of a digital mental health intervention on perceived stress and rumination in adolescents aged 13 to 17: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint).
_JMIR. Journal of Medical Internet Research/Journal of Medical Internet Research_,
_26_. https://doi.org/10.2196/54282
This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of an online mental health intervention, Happify for Teens, for stress management and reducing rumination among adolescents. The intervention showed a significant reduction in perceived stress and rumination in the treatment group compared to the waitlist group over 12 weeks. The program, which is based on CBT, mindfulness, and positive psychology, was well-received and suggests that digital interventions could be a convenient and scalable mental health solution for adolescents. Despite these positive results, the study indicates that it is still unclear how the program impacts long-term mental health and that further investigation is warranted. The intervention's digital characteristics constitute one avenue by which adolescent mental health services could be expanded. This article largely contains my research. It offers insights into how digital tools can intervene in transdiagnostic risk factors, such as stress and rumination, which are key areas in clinical psychology for adolescent mental health outcomes.
Cuijpers, P., Pineda, B. S., Quero, S., Karyotaki, E., Struijs, S. Y., Figueroa, C. A., … & Muñoz, R. F. (2021). Psychological interventions to prevent the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
_Clinical Psychology Review_, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101955
The current meta-analytic study explores the effectiveness of psychological intervention in the onset of depressive disorders, offering analyses for persons with no diagnosis of depression at baseline. The synthesis was drawn from 50 random controlled trials which in total draw over 14,000 subjects. The study inferred that psychological preventive interventions, indicated chiefly cognitive-behavioral therapy, would prevent 19% of the development of depression. As such, psychological interventions appear to be useful in preventing disorders such as depression, especially in well-defined risk groups such as persons with a family history of depression or persons currently putting a lot of stress on themselves. The study presumes these interventions as being effective for short-term prevention, whereas their long-term effect is yet to be established. While the study is quite large and employs good methodology, they note the effect might differ, based on the patient’s initial risk and the intervention provided. The article will hold great importance in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression, in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression and will provide feedback into the future practice of clinicians in mental health prevention.
Duagi, D., Carter, B., Farrelly, M., Lisk, S., Shearer, J., Byford, S., James, K., & Brown, J. (2024). Long-term effects of psychosocial interventions for adolescents on depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_EClinicalMedicine_,
_68_. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102382
The systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate how psychosocial interventions influence the long-term management of adolescent depression and anxiety. A sum of 57 studies with a combined sample size of 46,678 was introduced into the analysis. According to the findings, psychosocial interventions generated slight but sustained decreases in depressive symptoms up to two years after follow-up. The changes in anxiety symptoms were negligible, however. The study emphasized that interventions with more potent effects were provided by trained mental health professionals, particularly when the intervention was targeted. While presenting promising prevention effects for adolescent depression, this study also emphasized the need to improve access to such services, primarily through schools. This study is of immense importance given its broad scope: both universal and targeted interventions, which thus provide a panoramic perspective on how adolescent mental health may be affected by different approaches. However, due to the nonsignificant findings for anxiety, its implementations for handling broader adolescent mental health problems are limited. The article will shed light on incorporating psychosocial interventions into mental health prevention strategies for children and adolescents in clinical and school-based domains.
Fazia, T., Bubbico, F., Nova, A., Chiara Buizza, Cela, H., Iozzi, D., Beril Calgan, Maggi, F., Floris, V., Sutti, I., Bruno, S., Ghilardi, A., & Bernardinelli, L. (2023). Improving stress management, anxiety, and mental well-being in medical students through an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention: a randomized study.
_Scientific Reports_,
_13_(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35483-z
This randomized trial examines the efficacy of an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention to reduce stress and anxiety among medical students. The intervention combined mindfulness exercises, yoga, and dietary advice. There were significant improvements in mental well-being, emotional regulation, and stress management in the intervention group compared to the control subjects. The results thus suggest that interventions to develop mindfulness skills in individuals, mainly through an online user-friendly program, can effectively reduce stress and build emotional resilience in high-stress academic settings like medical school. The study fills a gap in the literature by studying issues unique to medical students, among whom high stress levels are nearly constant. While the research was intense in its well-defined methods and meaningful results, its limitations were the relatively short follow-up period and bias in the self-reported measurement sources. This study is germane to research in clinical psychology, especially in stressing online-based interventions as accessible means for managing stress and emotional well-being among students and practitioners in high-pressure environments.
Rogerson, O., Wilding, S., Prudenzi, A., & O’Connor, D. B. (2023). Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_Psychoneuroendocrinology_,
_159_(159).
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415)
The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions on salivary cortisol (primary stress hormone) by considering 58 trials and 3,508 participants. Mindfulness and relaxation exercises showed a medium positive effect size favoring a decrease in cortisol, with mind-body and talking therapies showing a lesser effect. The interventions with active control groups showed larger effects than those with passive controls as well. As previously mentioned, mindfulness, most notably psychological interventions, helps reduce the physiological stress response, which further emphasizes the data's role in cortisol as a biological marker of stress. The authors noted the citations of the article might reflect the impact of methodological differences in non-pharmaceutical forms of cortisol measurement due to differences in the sample types (blood, saliva, hair, etc.). This article is pertinent to my purview on stress management in clinical environments as it aids in understanding the physiological grounding through which certain interventions deliver their impact. Therefore, how cortisol is regulated will be critical to understanding evidence-based clinical psychology approaches to managing stress
**## DevelopingCategoriesfortheLiteratureReview.docx**
2
In this discussion topic, we will explore some resources that are designed to help students understand the concept of a
_literature review_. Please browse these resources and then complete the discussion post below.
· the article by Debora F.B. Leite, Maria Auxiliadora Soares Padilha, Jose G. Cecatti, "Approaching Literature Review for Academic Purposes: The Literature Review Checklist." Please use this
[pdf version](https://learn.umgc.edu/content/enforced/633182-003683-01-2222-OL3-7360/approachingliteraturereviewsacademicweek51-s2.0-S1807593222007438-main.pdf?_&d2lSessionVal=36PUA1Nj7axqXseSn0QtaHgUX).
· the tutorial from The University of North Carolina on writing literature reviews. You can find this link in Content/Learning Resources for this week.
Task:
After reviewing the material on writing the Literature Review posted above, please return to your annotated bibliography, or your last assignment, and begin developing "categories" to help you to organize your sources. For the literature review, you will want to collect your sources into themes, or categories. There are many ways to develop categories–thematic, schools of thought, major authors, or chronological.
**Example:** Say that my topic was on
_women and humor_ and I wanted to develop thematic categories for my literature review. I would gather current sources from authors researching on many aspects of the topic. However, as I read them over, I might discover that several of them discuss what women's humor consists of, while others might talk about the difference between men's humor and women's humor, and still others might discuss the history of women's humor. So, I would divide them up into categories:
_defining women's humor_,
_men's humor versus women's humor_, and
_the history of women's humor_.
Post one category based on
_your topic_ below and list at least three sources that might fill that category. Remember that some sources may fall into more than one category. Please feel free to post questions or concerns because your instructor wants to help you. Please respond generously to at least two of your classmates.
**## CriticalAnnotatedBibliography12.docx**
4
**Critical Annotated Bibliography**
Student
Institution
Course
Tutor
Date
**Stress Management and the Clinical Interventions in Psychology**
Boucher, E., Ward, H., Miles, C., Henry, R. D., & Stoeckl, S. E. (2024). Effects of a digital mental health intervention on perceived stress and rumination in adolescents aged 13 to 17: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint).
_JMIR. Journal of Medical Internet Research/Journal of Medical Internet Research_,
_26_. https://doi.org/10.2196/54282
This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of an online mental health intervention, Happify for Teens, for stress management and reducing rumination among adolescents. The intervention showed a significant reduction in perceived stress and rumination in the treatment group compared to the waitlist group over 12 weeks. The program, which is based on CBT, mindfulness, and positive psychology, was well-received and suggests that digital interventions could be a convenient and scalable mental health solution for adolescents. Despite these positive results, the study indicates that it is still unclear how the program impacts long-term mental health and that further investigation is warranted. The intervention's digital characteristics constitute one avenue by which adolescent mental health services could be expanded. This article largely contains my research. It offers insights into how digital tools can intervene in transdiagnostic risk factors, such as stress and rumination, which are key areas in clinical psychology for adolescent mental health outcomes.
Cuijpers, P., Pineda, B. S., Quero, S., Karyotaki, E., Struijs, S. Y., Figueroa, C. A., … & Muñoz, R. F. (2021). Psychological interventions to prevent the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
_Clinical Psychology Review_, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101955
The current meta-analytic study explores the effectiveness of psychological intervention in the onset of depressive disorders, offering analyses for persons with no diagnosis of depression at baseline. The synthesis was drawn from 50 random controlled trials which in total draw over 14,000 subjects. The study inferred that psychological preventive interventions, indicated chiefly cognitive-behavioral therapy, would prevent 19% of the development of depression. As such, psychological interventions appear to be useful in preventing disorders such as depression, especially in well-defined risk groups such as persons with a family history of depression or persons currently putting a lot of stress on themselves. The study presumes these interventions as being effective for short-term prevention, whereas their long-term effect is yet to be established. While the study is quite large and employs good methodology, they note the effect might differ, based on the patient’s initial risk and the intervention provided. The article will hold great importance in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression, in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression and will provide feedback into the future practice of clinicians in mental health prevention.
Duagi, D., Carter, B., Farrelly, M., Lisk, S., Shearer, J., Byford, S., James, K., & Brown, J. (2024). Long-term effects of psychosocial interventions for adolescents on depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_EClinicalMedicine_,
_68_. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102382
The systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate how psychosocial interventions influence the long-term management of adolescent depression and anxiety. A sum of 57 studies with a combined sample size of 46,678 was introduced into the analysis. According to the findings, psychosocial interventions generated slight but sustained decreases in depressive symptoms up to two years after follow-up. The changes in anxiety symptoms were negligible, however. The study emphasized that interventions with more potent effects were provided by trained mental health professionals, particularly when the intervention was targeted. While presenting promising prevention effects for adolescent depression, this study also emphasized the need to improve access to such services, primarily through schools. This study is of immense importance given its broad scope: both universal and targeted interventions, which thus provide a panoramic perspective on how adolescent mental health may be affected by different approaches. However, due to the nonsignificant findings for anxiety, its implementations for handling broader adolescent mental health problems are limited. The article will shed light on incorporating psychosocial interventions into mental health prevention strategies for children and adolescents in clinical and school-based domains.
Fazia, T., Bubbico, F., Nova, A., Chiara Buizza, Cela, H., Iozzi, D., Beril Calgan, Maggi, F., Floris, V., Sutti, I., Bruno, S., Ghilardi, A., & Bernardinelli, L. (2023). Improving stress management, anxiety, and mental well-being in medical students through an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention: a randomized study.
_Scientific Reports_,
_13_(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35483-z
This randomized trial examines the efficacy of an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention to reduce stress and anxiety among medical students. The intervention combined mindfulness exercises, yoga, and dietary advice. There were significant improvements in mental well-being, emotional regulation, and stress management in the intervention group compared to the control subjects. The results thus suggest that interventions to develop mindfulness skills in individuals, mainly through an online user-friendly program, can effectively reduce stress and build emotional resilience in high-stress academic settings like medical school. The study fills a gap in the literature by studying issues unique to medical students, among whom high stress levels are nearly constant. While the research was intense in its well-defined methods and meaningful results, its limitations were the relatively short follow-up period and bias in the self-reported measurement sources. This study is germane to research in clinical psychology, especially in stressing online-based interventions as accessible means for managing stress and emotional well-being among students and practitioners in high-pressure environments.
Rogerson, O., Wilding, S., Prudenzi, A., & O’Connor, D. B. (2023). Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_Psychoneuroendocrinology_,
_159_(159).
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415)
The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions on salivary cortisol (primary stress hormone) by considering 58 trials and 3,508 participants. Mindfulness and relaxation exercises showed a medium positive effect size favoring a decrease in cortisol, with mind-body and talking therapies showing a lesser effect. The interventions with active control groups showed larger effects than those with passive controls as well. As previously mentioned, mindfulness, most notably psychological interventions, helps reduce the physiological stress response, which further emphasizes the data's role in cortisol as a biological marker of stress. The authors noted the citations of the article might reflect the impact of methodological differences in non-pharmaceutical forms of cortisol measurement due to differences in the sample types (blood, saliva, hair, etc.). This article is pertinent to my purview on stress management in clinical environments as it aids in understanding the physiological grounding through which certain interventions deliver their impact. Therefore, how cortisol is regulated will be critical to understanding evidence-based clinical psychology approaches to managing stress
**## DevelopingCategoriesfortheLiteratureReview.docx**
2
In this discussion topic, we will explore some resources that are designed to help students understand the concept of a
_literature review_. Please browse these resources and then complete the discussion post below.
· the article by Debora F.B. Leite, Maria Auxiliadora Soares Padilha, Jose G. Cecatti, "Approaching Literature Review for Academic Purposes: The Literature Review Checklist." Please use this
[pdf version](https://learn.umgc.edu/content/enforced/633182-003683-01-2222-OL3-7360/approachingliteraturereviewsacademicweek51-s2.0-S1807593222007438-main.pdf?_&d2lSessionVal=36PUA1Nj7axqXseSn0QtaHgUX).
· the tutorial from The University of North Carolina on writing literature reviews. You can find this link in Content/Learning Resources for this week.
Task:
After reviewing the material on writing the Literature Review posted above, please return to your annotated bibliography, or your last assignment, and begin developing "categories" to help you to organize your sources. For the literature review, you will want to collect your sources into themes, or categories. There are many ways to develop categories–thematic, schools of thought, major authors, or chronological.
**Example:** Say that my topic was on
_women and humor_ and I wanted to develop thematic categories for my literature review. I would gather current sources from authors researching on many aspects of the topic. However, as I read them over, I might discover that several of them discuss what women's humor consists of, while others might talk about the difference between men's humor and women's humor, and still others might discuss the history of women's humor. So, I would divide them up into categories:
_defining women's humor_,
_men's humor versus women's humor_, and
_the history of women's humor_.
Post one category based on
_your topic_ below and list at least three sources that might fill that category. Remember that some sources may fall into more than one category. Please feel free to post questions or concerns because your instructor wants to help you. Please respond generously to at least two of your classmates.
**## CriticalAnnotatedBibliography12.docx**
4
**Critical Annotated Bibliography**
Student
Institution
Course
Tutor
Date
**Stress Management and the Clinical Interventions in Psychology**
Boucher, E., Ward, H., Miles, C., Henry, R. D., & Stoeckl, S. E. (2024). Effects of a digital mental health intervention on perceived stress and rumination in adolescents aged 13 to 17: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint).
_JMIR. Journal of Medical Internet Research/Journal of Medical Internet Research_,
_26_. https://doi.org/10.2196/54282
This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of an online mental health intervention, Happify for Teens, for stress management and reducing rumination among adolescents. The intervention showed a significant reduction in perceived stress and rumination in the treatment group compared to the waitlist group over 12 weeks. The program, which is based on CBT, mindfulness, and positive psychology, was well-received and suggests that digital interventions could be a convenient and scalable mental health solution for adolescents. Despite these positive results, the study indicates that it is still unclear how the program impacts long-term mental health and that further investigation is warranted. The intervention's digital characteristics constitute one avenue by which adolescent mental health services could be expanded. This article largely contains my research. It offers insights into how digital tools can intervene in transdiagnostic risk factors, such as stress and rumination, which are key areas in clinical psychology for adolescent mental health outcomes.
Cuijpers, P., Pineda, B. S., Quero, S., Karyotaki, E., Struijs, S. Y., Figueroa, C. A., … & Muñoz, R. F. (2021). Psychological interventions to prevent the onset of depressive disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
_Clinical Psychology Review_, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101955
The current meta-analytic study explores the effectiveness of psychological intervention in the onset of depressive disorders, offering analyses for persons with no diagnosis of depression at baseline. The synthesis was drawn from 50 random controlled trials which in total draw over 14,000 subjects. The study inferred that psychological preventive interventions, indicated chiefly cognitive-behavioral therapy, would prevent 19% of the development of depression. As such, psychological interventions appear to be useful in preventing disorders such as depression, especially in well-defined risk groups such as persons with a family history of depression or persons currently putting a lot of stress on themselves. The study presumes these interventions as being effective for short-term prevention, whereas their long-term effect is yet to be established. While the study is quite large and employs good methodology, they note the effect might differ, based on the patient’s initial risk and the intervention provided. The article will hold great importance in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression, in my research into the prevention of mental disorders, especially in parallel with understanding how early intervention reduces the burden of depression and will provide feedback into the future practice of clinicians in mental health prevention.
Duagi, D., Carter, B., Farrelly, M., Lisk, S., Shearer, J., Byford, S., James, K., & Brown, J. (2024). Long-term effects of psychosocial interventions for adolescents on depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_EClinicalMedicine_,
_68_. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102382
The systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate how psychosocial interventions influence the long-term management of adolescent depression and anxiety. A sum of 57 studies with a combined sample size of 46,678 was introduced into the analysis. According to the findings, psychosocial interventions generated slight but sustained decreases in depressive symptoms up to two years after follow-up. The changes in anxiety symptoms were negligible, however. The study emphasized that interventions with more potent effects were provided by trained mental health professionals, particularly when the intervention was targeted. While presenting promising prevention effects for adolescent depression, this study also emphasized the need to improve access to such services, primarily through schools. This study is of immense importance given its broad scope: both universal and targeted interventions, which thus provide a panoramic perspective on how adolescent mental health may be affected by different approaches. However, due to the nonsignificant findings for anxiety, its implementations for handling broader adolescent mental health problems are limited. The article will shed light on incorporating psychosocial interventions into mental health prevention strategies for children and adolescents in clinical and school-based domains.
Fazia, T., Bubbico, F., Nova, A., Chiara Buizza, Cela, H., Iozzi, D., Beril Calgan, Maggi, F., Floris, V., Sutti, I., Bruno, S., Ghilardi, A., & Bernardinelli, L. (2023). Improving stress management, anxiety, and mental well-being in medical students through an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention: a randomized study.
_Scientific Reports_,
_13_(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35483-z
This randomized trial examines the efficacy of an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention to reduce stress and anxiety among medical students. The intervention combined mindfulness exercises, yoga, and dietary advice. There were significant improvements in mental well-being, emotional regulation, and stress management in the intervention group compared to the control subjects. The results thus suggest that interventions to develop mindfulness skills in individuals, mainly through an online user-friendly program, can effectively reduce stress and build emotional resilience in high-stress academic settings like medical school. The study fills a gap in the literature by studying issues unique to medical students, among whom high stress levels are nearly constant. While the research was intense in its well-defined methods and meaningful results, its limitations were the relatively short follow-up period and bias in the self-reported measurement sources. This study is germane to research in clinical psychology, especially in stressing online-based interventions as accessible means for managing stress and emotional well-being among students and practitioners in high-pressure environments.
Rogerson, O., Wilding, S., Prudenzi, A., & O’Connor, D. B. (2023). Effectiveness of stress management interventions to change cortisol levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
_Psychoneuroendocrinology_,
_159_(159).
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106415)
The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions on salivary cortisol (primary stress hormone) by considering 58 trials and 3,508 participants. Mindfulness and relaxation exercises showed a medium positive effect size favoring a decrease in cortisol, with mind-body and talking therapies showing a lesser effect. The interventions with active control groups showed larger effects than those with passive controls as well. As previously mentioned, mindfulness, most notably psychological interventions, helps reduce the physiological stress response, which further emphasizes the data's role in cortisol as a biological marker of stress. The authors noted the citations of the article might reflect the impact of methodological differences in non-pharmaceutical forms of cortisol measurement due to differences in the sample types (blood, saliva, hair, etc.). This article is pertinent to my purview on stress management in clinical environments as it aids in understanding the physiological grounding through which certain interventions deliver their impact. Therefore, how cortisol is regulated will be critical to understanding evidence-based clinical psychology approaches to managing stress
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