Tag: Model Answer

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

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– 2 years ago

**files (5)**

– ## week4assign.docx

– ## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx

– articleweek4.pdf
– Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf
– Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf

**## week4assign.docx**

Discussion 1

An article’s abstract “contains enough essential information about the article to be able to assess its merit and relevance…and you can discern and anticipate the logic of the author’s argument before even reading through the full article” (Shon, 2018, p. 34).

Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
[University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the abstract.

Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

· In your own words, what is the essential information and logic of the author’s article/argument?

Discussion 2:

Post a total of 2 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post due Saturday and 1 reply to classmates or your faculty member by Monday.

Please refer to this week’s learning materials. They are intended to help you engage effectively in this discussion.

A social science journal article’s introduction “is like a blueprint and a map: it lays out the itinerary of an article’s path of logical travel…and are organized and structured into predictable patterns” (Shon, 2018, p, 41).

Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
[University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the introduction.

Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

· How do the authors organize the introduction? Do the subheadings and article’s discussion follow the “blueprint and map” outlined in the introduction?

· As you reflect on what you have learned about writing an introduction, what might you do differently in writing introductions as you progress through the dissertation process?

**## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx**

2

2

**Title of the Paper**

Your Name

Institution Name

Course Name

Faculty Member’s Name

Assignment Due Date

**Method and Design AES Worksheet**
The components of critical thinking include analysis, evaluation, and synthesis (AES). You will analyze, evaluate, and synthesize literature (draw conclusions between and among historical and current literature) as you write your dissertation. For example, in Ch. 2 of your dissertation writing process, the Literature Review, you will compare and contrast past and current literature on your chosen topic. In Ch. 3 of your dissertation writing process, you will discuss and defend the chosen research method and design, and in other areas throughout the dissertation.

This 4-part assignment breaks down AES to provide you the opportunity to see how literature analysis and evaluation leads to synthesis/conclusions. The focus of this assignment is on the methodology sections in Ch. 3 of 2 dissertations. The components of this 4-part assignment are:

· Part 1: Dissertation Analysis: Analyze Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 2: Critical Evaluation: Evaluate Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas: Identify the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 4: Method and Design Defense: Demonstrate AES through defending your own method and design choice.

**Complete** Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 using the provided instructions.

**Part 1: Dissertation Analysis**

**Access** the
[Research Databases](https://library.phoenix.edu/az.php?) page on the University Library website to
**access** the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.

**Locate** 1 University of Phoenix dissertation and 1 dissertation from another university. Ensure both were published within the last 2 years and utilized the same methodology (method and design) you are proposing for your research.

**Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

**Analyze** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

**Report** your analysis findings in the Analysis Findings Table using key terms and phrases from the selected dissertations. Answer the questions provided in the “Analysis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations you selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Analysis Findings Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Analysis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| In the research study, what are the strategies (i.e., methodology) used to execute the research, such as research method and research design? | | |
| How are the research method and research design stated in the title? How are the method and design stated in the abstract? | | |
| Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research method align with the purpose of the study? Why or why not? | | |
| What is the research design for the research study? | | |
| Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research design align with the research method of the study? Why or why not? | | |
| Does the methodology (i.e., strategies used to execute the research) align with the research method and research design? Why or why not? | | |
| Do the authors present a clear understanding of the differences between method and design? Explain your response. | | |

### Part 2: Critical Evaluation

You will be building academic arguments throughout the dissertation process. Doing so will require you to justify your research method and design choices using general theorists in research method and primary theorists in research design. Academic arguments are supported with evidence-based research.

**Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

**Refer** to your course textbook,
_Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on evaluating literature.

**Evaluate** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

**Report** your findings in the Critical Evaluation Findings Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Evaluation Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Critical Evaluation Findings Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Evaluation Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| What citations/references do the authors use to build their arguments for the research method section? | | |
| Who are the theorists cited and referenced in the arguments? | | |
| How do the authors compare/contrast different research methods? You can copy/paste excerpts from the text. Provide at least 2 examples and explain the evaluation. | | |
| Are the research method and design in alignment with the study? If so, how are they aligned? If not, how are they misaligned? | | |
| How are the research method and design appropriate for the purposes of the study? | | |

### Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas

Now that you have analyzed the methodology sections of both dissertations and provided evidence of evaluation, readers need to be given information on why the evaluation is important.

For this part of the assignment, you will identify the synthesis of the method and design arguments evaluated above from the same dissertations.

**Note**: Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use for your dissertation.

**Refer** to your course textbook,
_Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on synthesizing literature.

**Identify** the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations

**Report** your findings in the Synthesis of Ideas Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Synthesis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Synthesis of Ideas Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Synthesis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen method? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
| How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen design? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
| Are the conclusion/summary sections clear and logical? If yes, how do the authors tie everything together? If no, what suggestions would you make to guide the authors? | | |

### Part 4: Method and Design Defense

Now it’s time to practice AES.

Using the Student Paper Template included in the following pages of this document,
**write**:

· 1 paragraph defending your proposed method you chose for your dissertation

· 1 paragraph defending your proposed design you chose for your dissertation

·
1 summary paragraph

**Cite** at least 1 method and 1 design expert recommended in the
[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263) to provide a definition and explanation of the method and design characteristics.

**Format** your paper according to APA guidelines.

**Title of the Paper**

Begin the paper here. Double space the entire document. Indent the first line by 1 tab key (0.5 inches). University of Phoenix accepts 1 space after a period. The first paragraph is the introduction in every paper and does not contain a subheading. Provide a brief overview of the general topic and end with a preview of the topics discussed in the paper. Unless the paper is a self-assessment analysis or a reflection paper, never write using first-person point of view: I, me, my, mine, etc. Never write academic papers using second-person point of view: you, your, yours, etc. Using editorial “we” and “our” is not acceptable. For more information on writing style and grammar, review Ch. 4, “Writing Style and Grammar,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

Provide an introductory paragraph to prepare the reader for the discussion, and the introductory paragraph does not have a level heading (subheading).

**In-Text Citations**

Formatting of in-text citations throughout the paper varies, with options to ensure readability and writing style. The following sections provide a brief overview of 2 types of in-text citations: narrative and parenthetical. Review Ch. 8, “Works Credited in the Text,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for more information regarding the formatting of personal communications, block quotations, secondary sources, and citing several sources to support a single claim.

**Narrative Citations**

Narrative citations are citations in which the author or authors are listed as part of the sentence. For example, in the following phrase, “Alexander and Smith (2019) examined…,” notice that “and” is used between authors’ names in narrative citations. Also, always use past tense verbs when associated with a citation because the source was published prior to the date used in the paper. If 3 or more authors are being cited, for example a source written by Thomas, Dickinson, and Harrison, list the first author and then include “et al.” so that the structure is as follows: “Thomas et al. (2018) stated…”

**Parenthetical Citations**

A parenthetical citation is a citation in which the writer presents the statement followed by the citation. For example, in the following phrase, “The writing process requires… (Alexander & Smith, 2019),” notice an ampersand (&) is used between names in parenthetical citations. A parenthetical citation for 3 or more authors requires only the first author’s last name and the addition of et al. so that the structure is as follows: “Improvement strategies for writing include… (Thomas et al., 2018).”

The examples shown in the narrative and parenthetical citations sections are paraphrases. Paraphrases are the writer’s interpretation of an author’s statement. None of the exact words used by the author should appear in a paraphrase. Direct quotations occur when the writer copies the exact words used by an author. To properly acknowledge the sentence as a direct quotation, quotation marks must surround the quoted material and a page number or paragraph number (if pages are not marked) must appear in the citation. Examples of this format are: Alexander and Smith (2019) stated “Insert quotation” (p. 423); or, “The guidelines for writing an academic paper require…” (Alexander & Smith, 2019, para. 6). The use of direct quotations in scholarly writing is discouraged, as the ability to paraphrase indicates critical-thinking skills.

**Headings**

Headings identify paragraph topics. The centered “Headings” shown above is classified as a Level 1 heading. Following the introduction, the body of the paper begins with a Level 1 heading. Level 2 headings are formatted flush left, as shown in the “Narrative Citations” section above and reflect subtopics of the Level 1 heading. Many papers use only Level 1 headings throughout, yet most papers use a combination of Level 1 and Level 2 headings. More complex topics may require additional headings. For guidance with headings, refer to Section 2.27, “Heading Levels” of Ch. 2, “Paper Elements and Format,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

**Conclusion**

The final Level 1 heading in every paper is for the conclusion section and eliminates the need to add “in summary” or “in conclusion” as the start of the final paragraph. In the conclusion, the writer summarizes the key points made in the paper with no new information or analysis. The conclusion is simply a recap of the most notable information presented in the paper.

## References

**Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
[Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix.

When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

**Journal Article Example**

Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
_Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304

**Authored Book Example**

Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
_Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

**Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
_The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11

Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

## image1.png

**articleweek4.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleweek4-pdf)

**Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/student-responsiveness-towards1-pdf)

**Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/honoring-black-male-students-t-pdf)

**Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/honoring-black-male-students-t-pdf)

**## week4assign.docx**

Discussion 1

An article’s abstract “contains enough essential information about the article to be able to assess its merit and relevance…and you can discern and anticipate the logic of the author’s argument before even reading through the full article” (Shon, 2018, p. 34).

Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
[University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the abstract.

Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

· In your own words, what is the essential information and logic of the author’s article/argument?

Discussion 2:

Post a total of 2 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post due Saturday and 1 reply to classmates or your faculty member by Monday.

Please refer to this week’s learning materials. They are intended to help you engage effectively in this discussion.

A social science journal article’s introduction “is like a blueprint and a map: it lays out the itinerary of an article’s path of logical travel…and are organized and structured into predictable patterns” (Shon, 2018, p, 41).

Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
[University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the introduction.

Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

· How do the authors organize the introduction? Do the subheadings and article’s discussion follow the “blueprint and map” outlined in the introduction?

· As you reflect on what you have learned about writing an introduction, what might you do differently in writing introductions as you progress through the dissertation process?

**## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx**

2

2

**Title of the Paper**

Your Name

Institution Name

Course Name

Faculty Member’s Name

Assignment Due Date

**Method and Design AES Worksheet**
The components of critical thinking include analysis, evaluation, and synthesis (AES). You will analyze, evaluate, and synthesize literature (draw conclusions between and among historical and current literature) as you write your dissertation. For example, in Ch. 2 of your dissertation writing process, the Literature Review, you will compare and contrast past and current literature on your chosen topic. In Ch. 3 of your dissertation writing process, you will discuss and defend the chosen research method and design, and in other areas throughout the dissertation.

This 4-part assignment breaks down AES to provide you the opportunity to see how literature analysis and evaluation leads to synthesis/conclusions. The focus of this assignment is on the methodology sections in Ch. 3 of 2 dissertations. The components of this 4-part assignment are:

· Part 1: Dissertation Analysis: Analyze Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 2: Critical Evaluation: Evaluate Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas: Identify the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 4: Method and Design Defense: Demonstrate AES through defending your own method and design choice.

**Complete** Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 using the provided instructions.

**Part 1: Dissertation Analysis**

**Access** the
[Research Databases](https://library.phoenix.edu/az.php?) page on the University Library website to
**access** the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.

**Locate** 1 University of Phoenix dissertation and 1 dissertation from another university. Ensure both were published within the last 2 years and utilized the same methodology (method and design) you are proposing for your research.

**Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

**Analyze** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

**Report** your analysis findings in the Analysis Findings Table using key terms and phrases from the selected dissertations. Answer the questions provided in the “Analysis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations you selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Analysis Findings Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Analysis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| In the research study, what are the strategies (i.e., methodology) used to execute the research, such as research method and research design? | | |
| How are the research method and research design stated in the title? How are the method and design stated in the abstract? | | |
| Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research method align with the purpose of the study? Why or why not? | | |
| What is the research design for the research study? | | |
| Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research design align with the research method of the study? Why or why not? | | |
| Does the methodology (i.e., strategies used to execute the research) align with the research method and research design? Why or why not? | | |
| Do the authors present a clear understanding of the differences between method and design? Explain your response. | | |

### Part 2: Critical Evaluation

You will be building academic arguments throughout the dissertation process. Doing so will require you to justify your research method and design choices using general theorists in research method and primary theorists in research design. Academic arguments are supported with evidence-based research.

**Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

**Refer** to your course textbook,
_Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on evaluating literature.

**Evaluate** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

**Report** your findings in the Critical Evaluation Findings Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Evaluation Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Critical Evaluation Findings Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Evaluation Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| What citations/references do the authors use to build their arguments for the research method section? | | |
| Who are the theorists cited and referenced in the arguments? | | |
| How do the authors compare/contrast different research methods? You can copy/paste excerpts from the text. Provide at least 2 examples and explain the evaluation. | | |
| Are the research method and design in alignment with the study? If so, how are they aligned? If not, how are they misaligned? | | |
| How are the research method and design appropriate for the purposes of the study? | | |

### Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas

Now that you have analyzed the methodology sections of both dissertations and provided evidence of evaluation, readers need to be given information on why the evaluation is important.

For this part of the assignment, you will identify the synthesis of the method and design arguments evaluated above from the same dissertations.

**Note**: Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use for your dissertation.

**Refer** to your course textbook,
_Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on synthesizing literature.

**Identify** the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations

**Report** your findings in the Synthesis of Ideas Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Synthesis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Synthesis of Ideas Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Synthesis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen method? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
| How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen design? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
| Are the conclusion/summary sections clear and logical? If yes, how do the authors tie everything together? If no, what suggestions would you make to guide the authors? | | |

### Part 4: Method and Design Defense

Now it’s time to practice AES.

Using the Student Paper Template included in the following pages of this document,
**write**:

· 1 paragraph defending your proposed method you chose for your dissertation

· 1 paragraph defending your proposed design you chose for your dissertation

·
1 summary paragraph

**Cite** at least 1 method and 1 design expert recommended in the
[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263) to provide a definition and explanation of the method and design characteristics.

**Format** your paper according to APA guidelines.

**Title of the Paper**

Begin the paper here. Double space the entire document. Indent the first line by 1 tab key (0.5 inches). University of Phoenix accepts 1 space after a period. The first paragraph is the introduction in every paper and does not contain a subheading. Provide a brief overview of the general topic and end with a preview of the topics discussed in the paper. Unless the paper is a self-assessment analysis or a reflection paper, never write using first-person point of view: I, me, my, mine, etc. Never write academic papers using second-person point of view: you, your, yours, etc. Using editorial “we” and “our” is not acceptable. For more information on writing style and grammar, review Ch. 4, “Writing Style and Grammar,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

Provide an introductory paragraph to prepare the reader for the discussion, and the introductory paragraph does not have a level heading (subheading).

**In-Text Citations**

Formatting of in-text citations throughout the paper varies, with options to ensure readability and writing style. The following sections provide a brief overview of 2 types of in-text citations: narrative and parenthetical. Review Ch. 8, “Works Credited in the Text,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for more information regarding the formatting of personal communications, block quotations, secondary sources, and citing several sources to support a single claim.

**Narrative Citations**

Narrative citations are citations in which the author or authors are listed as part of the sentence. For example, in the following phrase, “Alexander and Smith (2019) examined…,” notice that “and” is used between authors’ names in narrative citations. Also, always use past tense verbs when associated with a citation because the source was published prior to the date used in the paper. If 3 or more authors are being cited, for example a source written by Thomas, Dickinson, and Harrison, list the first author and then include “et al.” so that the structure is as follows: “Thomas et al. (2018) stated…”

**Parenthetical Citations**

A parenthetical citation is a citation in which the writer presents the statement followed by the citation. For example, in the following phrase, “The writing process requires… (Alexander & Smith, 2019),” notice an ampersand (&) is used between names in parenthetical citations. A parenthetical citation for 3 or more authors requires only the first author’s last name and the addition of et al. so that the structure is as follows: “Improvement strategies for writing include… (Thomas et al., 2018).”

The examples shown in the narrative and parenthetical citations sections are paraphrases. Paraphrases are the writer’s interpretation of an author’s statement. None of the exact words used by the author should appear in a paraphrase. Direct quotations occur when the writer copies the exact words used by an author. To properly acknowledge the sentence as a direct quotation, quotation marks must surround the quoted material and a page number or paragraph number (if pages are not marked) must appear in the citation. Examples of this format are: Alexander and Smith (2019) stated “Insert quotation” (p. 423); or, “The guidelines for writing an academic paper require…” (Alexander & Smith, 2019, para. 6). The use of direct quotations in scholarly writing is discouraged, as the ability to paraphrase indicates critical-thinking skills.

**Headings**

Headings identify paragraph topics. The centered “Headings” shown above is classified as a Level 1 heading. Following the introduction, the body of the paper begins with a Level 1 heading. Level 2 headings are formatted flush left, as shown in the “Narrative Citations” section above and reflect subtopics of the Level 1 heading. Many papers use only Level 1 headings throughout, yet most papers use a combination of Level 1 and Level 2 headings. More complex topics may require additional headings. For guidance with headings, refer to Section 2.27, “Heading Levels” of Ch. 2, “Paper Elements and Format,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

**Conclusion**

The final Level 1 heading in every paper is for the conclusion section and eliminates the need to add “in summary” or “in conclusion” as the start of the final paragraph. In the conclusion, the writer summarizes the key points made in the paper with no new information or analysis. The conclusion is simply a recap of the most notable information presented in the paper.

## References

**Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
[Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix.

When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

**Journal Article Example**

Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
_Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304

**Authored Book Example**

Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
_Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

**Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
_The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11

Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

## image1.png

**articleweek4.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/articleweek4-pdf)

**Student_Responsiveness_Towards1.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/student-responsiveness-towards1-pdf)

**Honoring_Black_Male_Students_T.pdf**

This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/honoring-black-male-students-t-pdf)

**## week4assign.docx**

Discussion 1

An article’s abstract “contains enough essential information about the article to be able to assess its merit and relevance…and you can discern and anticipate the logic of the author’s argument before even reading through the full article” (Shon, 2018, p. 34).

Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
[University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the abstract.

Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

· In your own words, what is the essential information and logic of the author’s article/argument?

Discussion 2:

Post a total of 2 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post due Saturday and 1 reply to classmates or your faculty member by Monday.

Please refer to this week’s learning materials. They are intended to help you engage effectively in this discussion.

A social science journal article’s introduction “is like a blueprint and a map: it lays out the itinerary of an article’s path of logical travel…and are organized and structured into predictable patterns” (Shon, 2018, p, 41).

Locate 1 research study on your topic in your field of study published in a peer-reviewed journal article from the
[University Library](https://library.phoenix.edu/home) and read the introduction.

Write a 250- to 300-word response to the following:

· How do the authors organize the introduction? Do the subheadings and article’s discussion follow the “blueprint and map” outlined in the introduction?

· As you reflect on what you have learned about writing an introduction, what might you do differently in writing introductions as you progress through the dissertation process?

**## doc714s_v2_wk4_method_and_design_aes_worksheet2.docx**

2

2

**Title of the Paper**

Your Name

Institution Name

Course Name

Faculty Member’s Name

Assignment Due Date

**Method and Design AES Worksheet**
The components of critical thinking include analysis, evaluation, and synthesis (AES). You will analyze, evaluate, and synthesize literature (draw conclusions between and among historical and current literature) as you write your dissertation. For example, in Ch. 2 of your dissertation writing process, the Literature Review, you will compare and contrast past and current literature on your chosen topic. In Ch. 3 of your dissertation writing process, you will discuss and defend the chosen research method and design, and in other areas throughout the dissertation.

This 4-part assignment breaks down AES to provide you the opportunity to see how literature analysis and evaluation leads to synthesis/conclusions. The focus of this assignment is on the methodology sections in Ch. 3 of 2 dissertations. The components of this 4-part assignment are:

· Part 1: Dissertation Analysis: Analyze Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 2: Critical Evaluation: Evaluate Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas: Identify the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of 2 completed dissertations.

· Part 4: Method and Design Defense: Demonstrate AES through defending your own method and design choice.

**Complete** Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4 using the provided instructions.

**Part 1: Dissertation Analysis**

**Access** the
[Research Databases](https://library.phoenix.edu/az.php?) page on the University Library website to
**access** the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database.

**Locate** 1 University of Phoenix dissertation and 1 dissertation from another university. Ensure both were published within the last 2 years and utilized the same methodology (method and design) you are proposing for your research.

**Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

**Analyze** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

**Report** your analysis findings in the Analysis Findings Table using key terms and phrases from the selected dissertations. Answer the questions provided in the “Analysis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations you selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Analysis Findings Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Analysis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| In the research study, what are the strategies (i.e., methodology) used to execute the research, such as research method and research design? | | |
| How are the research method and research design stated in the title? How are the method and design stated in the abstract? | | |
| Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research method align with the purpose of the study? Why or why not? | | |
| What is the research design for the research study? | | |
| Using information from the <br>[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263), does the research design align with the research method of the study? Why or why not? | | |
| Does the methodology (i.e., strategies used to execute the research) align with the research method and research design? Why or why not? | | |
| Do the authors present a clear understanding of the differences between method and design? Explain your response. | | |

### Part 2: Critical Evaluation

You will be building academic arguments throughout the dissertation process. Doing so will require you to justify your research method and design choices using general theorists in research method and primary theorists in research design. Academic arguments are supported with evidence-based research.

**Note:** Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use to substantiate discussions for your dissertation.

**Refer** to your course textbook,
_Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on evaluating literature.

**Evaluate** Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations.

**Report** your findings in the Critical Evaluation Findings Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Evaluation Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Critical Evaluation Findings Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Evaluation Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| What citations/references do the authors use to build their arguments for the research method section? | | |
| Who are the theorists cited and referenced in the arguments? | | |
| How do the authors compare/contrast different research methods? You can copy/paste excerpts from the text. Provide at least 2 examples and explain the evaluation. | | |
| Are the research method and design in alignment with the study? If so, how are they aligned? If not, how are they misaligned? | | |
| How are the research method and design appropriate for the purposes of the study? | | |

### Part 3: Synthesis of Ideas

Now that you have analyzed the methodology sections of both dissertations and provided evidence of evaluation, readers need to be given information on why the evaluation is important.

For this part of the assignment, you will identify the synthesis of the method and design arguments evaluated above from the same dissertations.

**Note**: Even though you are referencing 2 dissertations for this assignment, dissertations are not considered peer-reviewed and are not acceptable to use for your dissertation.

**Refer** to your course textbook,
_Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates_ (4th ed.), for information on synthesizing literature.

**Identify** the synthesis of ideas in Ch. 3 of your 2 selected dissertations

**Report** your findings in the Synthesis of Ideas Table. Answer the questions provided in the “Synthesis Criteria” column for the 2 dissertations your selected by providing your responses in the “Selected Dissertation 1” and “Selected Dissertation 2” columns.

**Cite** sources to support your analysis.

**Format** citations and references according to APA guidelines.

**Provide** the references in the “Reference” section at the end of this document in the example paper.

**Synthesis of Ideas Table**

| | | |
| — | — | — |
| Synthesis Criteria | Selected Dissertation 1 | Selected Dissertation 2 |
| What is the dissertation’s title and author? | | |
| How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen method? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
| How did the authors present the conclusions for their arguments for the chosen design? Provide 2 or more examples. | | |
| Are the conclusion/summary sections clear and logical? If yes, how do the authors tie everything together? If no, what suggestions would you make to guide the authors? | | |

### Part 4: Method and Design Defense

Now it’s time to practice AES.

Using the Student Paper Template included in the following pages of this document,
**write**:

· 1 paragraph defending your proposed method you chose for your dissertation

· 1 paragraph defending your proposed design you chose for your dissertation

·
1 summary paragraph

**Cite** at least 1 method and 1 design expert recommended in the
[CDS Dissertation Guide](https://library.phoenix.edu/ld.php?content_id=47566263) to provide a definition and explanation of the method and design characteristics.

**Format** your paper according to APA guidelines.

**Title of the Paper**

Begin the paper here. Double space the entire document. Indent the first line by 1 tab key (0.5 inches). University of Phoenix accepts 1 space after a period. The first paragraph is the introduction in every paper and does not contain a subheading. Provide a brief overview of the general topic and end with a preview of the topics discussed in the paper. Unless the paper is a self-assessment analysis or a reflection paper, never write using first-person point of view: I, me, my, mine, etc. Never write academic papers using second-person point of view: you, your, yours, etc. Using editorial “we” and “our” is not acceptable. For more information on writing style and grammar, review Ch. 4, “Writing Style and Grammar,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

Provide an introductory paragraph to prepare the reader for the discussion, and the introductory paragraph does not have a level heading (subheading).

**In-Text Citations**

Formatting of in-text citations throughout the paper varies, with options to ensure readability and writing style. The following sections provide a brief overview of 2 types of in-text citations: narrative and parenthetical. Review Ch. 8, “Works Credited in the Text,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for more information regarding the formatting of personal communications, block quotations, secondary sources, and citing several sources to support a single claim.

**Narrative Citations**

Narrative citations are citations in which the author or authors are listed as part of the sentence. For example, in the following phrase, “Alexander and Smith (2019) examined…,” notice that “and” is used between authors’ names in narrative citations. Also, always use past tense verbs when associated with a citation because the source was published prior to the date used in the paper. If 3 or more authors are being cited, for example a source written by Thomas, Dickinson, and Harrison, list the first author and then include “et al.” so that the structure is as follows: “Thomas et al. (2018) stated…”

**Parenthetical Citations**

A parenthetical citation is a citation in which the writer presents the statement followed by the citation. For example, in the following phrase, “The writing process requires… (Alexander & Smith, 2019),” notice an ampersand (&) is used between names in parenthetical citations. A parenthetical citation for 3 or more authors requires only the first author’s last name and the addition of et al. so that the structure is as follows: “Improvement strategies for writing include… (Thomas et al., 2018).”

The examples shown in the narrative and parenthetical citations sections are paraphrases. Paraphrases are the writer’s interpretation of an author’s statement. None of the exact words used by the author should appear in a paraphrase. Direct quotations occur when the writer copies the exact words used by an author. To properly acknowledge the sentence as a direct quotation, quotation marks must surround the quoted material and a page number or paragraph number (if pages are not marked) must appear in the citation. Examples of this format are: Alexander and Smith (2019) stated “Insert quotation” (p. 423); or, “The guidelines for writing an academic paper require…” (Alexander & Smith, 2019, para. 6). The use of direct quotations in scholarly writing is discouraged, as the ability to paraphrase indicates critical-thinking skills.

**Headings**

Headings identify paragraph topics. The centered “Headings” shown above is classified as a Level 1 heading. Following the introduction, the body of the paper begins with a Level 1 heading. Level 2 headings are formatted flush left, as shown in the “Narrative Citations” section above and reflect subtopics of the Level 1 heading. Many papers use only Level 1 headings throughout, yet most papers use a combination of Level 1 and Level 2 headings. More complex topics may require additional headings. For guidance with headings, refer to Section 2.27, “Heading Levels” of Ch. 2, “Paper Elements and Format,” of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

**Conclusion**

The final Level 1 heading in every paper is for the conclusion section and eliminates the need to add “in summary” or “in conclusion” as the start of the final paragraph. In the conclusion, the writer summarizes the key points made in the paper with no new information or analysis. The conclusion is simply a recap of the most notable information presented in the paper.

## References

**Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
[Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix.

When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

**Journal Article Example**

Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
_Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304

**Authored Book Example**

Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
_Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

**Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
_The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11

Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2021 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

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