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    – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## Untitleddocument63.pdf **## Untitleddocument63.pdf** Class Discussion – Week 3 This week's reading (Kriesberg) addressed the social context concerning adopting conflict strategies. Share your interpretation of the aspects highlighted by the author in your own words. …

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    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Untitleddocument63.pdf

    **## Untitleddocument63.pdf**

    Class Discussion – Week 3

    This week's reading (Kriesberg) addressed the social context concerning adopting
    conflict strategies. Share your interpretation of the aspects highlighted by the author in
    your own words. Do you find them comprehensive, or can you identify additional social
    contextual factors?

    Ex

    Christina Kreitzer
    Jan 22 3:49pm| Last reply Jan 22 4:22pm
    Manage Discussion by Christina Kreitzer

    Reply from Christina Kreitzer

    In this week’s reading, Kriesberg talks about seven big things in a person's
    surroundings that shape how they choose to deal with conflict. This was my
    understanding of what they are:

    1. Institutions of the opponents' social system – Every social group has rules
    – they could be school, work, family, church rules, etc – and these rules
    influence how people behave when there's a disagreement. If a family leaves
    holiday decorations outside for too long past a holiday, their neighbors might
    give them a hard time. This is part of a social rule structure. Some social
    structures encourage everyone to talk things out and get them out in the open
    while other social groups might encourage competition.

    2. Norms and ways of thinking: People act based on what’s normal
    depending on where they live. If everyone around them is used to using
    physical violence to solve a problem, their children might do the same.

    3. Roles of other parties: This talks about the part other people play within the
    conflict. If a student destroys school property, for example, a teacher or
    school administrator might handle the conflict or even a law enforcement
    officer. Sometimes other people can make things better, but they can also
    make it worse if they take sides or pressure you to make a decision that goes
    against your own moral code.

    4. Resource inequalities: There are usually resource inequalities in a conflict –
    where one person has way more money, influence, or power than the other.
    This might empower the one with more resources to boss the other person

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/142268](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/142268)

    around. Think of a large manufacturing plant with no union representation. In
    that case, the company heads have almost all the power in that they can
    easily fire and replace anyone who complains about the wages, working
    conditions, or treatment at work.

    5. Changing technologies: The way people try to resolve problems changes
    when new things get invented. When social media became popular,
    face-to-face arguments lessened and online arguments or “resolutions” were
    more frequent. Another example might be the invention of the body camera
    for law enforcement officers. This added a layer of accountability that was
    missing before the usage of body cams became required in certain places.

    6. Integration: This refers to how well people blend in together or interact with
    each other. If people have to rely on each other for something – like
    classmates who have to work on a group project or colleagues who have to
    pitch a client together – they might try harder to get along because there is a
    common goal. If they’re separate and don’t need each other for any reason,
    then they might not care as much about resolving a conflict together.

    7. Response to stress: Everyone reacts differently to stressful situations.
    Some people stay calm and think things through while other people might get
    aggressive or avoid the problem altogether. We looked at avoidance a couple
    of weeks ago as another way to possibly address conflict. Stress can
    manifest in all kinds of ways and it’s something to consider when trying to put
    different people together to resolve conflict.

    An aspect that wasn’t mentioned in the book which I think should be considered is past
    experiences or the historical context around a disagreement. There might be cultural
    differences that should be taken into consideration as well. In some cultures, speaking
    up and being vocal about a conflict is no big deal, but in others speaking out or being
    outspoken would be considered disrespectful or out of line. All of these elements should
    be considered during conflict resolutions. People don’t just walk into conflicts with a
    blank slate. They bring all their past baggage with them, whether it's personal
    experiences, cultural upbringing, or patterns of dealing with conflict that have been
    passed down by the generations before them.

    Rhiannon Miller
    Jan 21 7:04pm| Last reply Jan 22 1:19pm
    Manage Discussion by Rhiannon Miller

    Reply from Rhiannon Miller

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682)

    In this week’s reading by Kriesberg, the author explores how social context plays a key
    role in determining the strategies people use in conflicts. He discusses how our
    personal interests, aspirations, and goals influence the way we approach
    disagreements, and how these factors can either escalate or de-escalate conflicts.

    One main point that stood out to me was the idea that conflicts often arise from unmet
    needs or unfulfilled desires. For example, when someone feels that their basic needs,
    like security or recognition, aren’t being met, they may feel deprived in comparison to
    others. This feeling of deprivation can lead to frustration, making people more
    determined to fight for what they think they deserve. The reading also highlighted how
    power imbalances in conflicts can make the situation even more intense. When one
    party holds more power, they may try to control the situation in their favor, which can
    make the conflict more destructive.

    I can relate to this idea from my own life. For example, in my work environment, there
    have been situations where I felt my needs for recognition and growth weren’t being
    met, especially when I saw others moving ahead. That feeling of being "left behind" led
    to frustration and, at times, conflict with coworkers or even managers. It wasn’t about
    the job itself, but more about feeling like my aspirations for progress were not being
    acknowledged, and it created tension. This is where the idea of relative deprivation
    really resonates with me—the feeling that others have something I should have, too.

    The author also talks about the role of culture and relationships in shaping conflict
    dynamics. In many situations, conflicts don’t just involve opposing interests; they are
    also shaped by social identities, such as gender, race, or class. In my case, I’ve seen
    how different cultures and backgrounds can affect how conflict is handled. Some people
    might prefer to address issues directly, while others might avoid confrontation.
    Understanding these cultural differences can really help in resolving conflicts more
    peacefully, which I try to keep in mind when interacting with others.

    I think Kriesberg’s analysis is comprehensive, but I would add that emotional
    intelligence and communication skills are also crucial in managing conflicts. Sometimes,
    it’s not just about understanding the source of the conflict but also how we communicate
    our needs and how open we are to hearing the needs of others. In my personal
    experience, conflicts often resolve more smoothly when both parties are willing to listen
    and adjust their expectations.

    – Reply from Christina Kreitzer
    – Reply from Rhiannon Miller

    **## Untitleddocument63.pdf**

    Class Discussion – Week 3

    This week's reading (Kriesberg) addressed the social context concerning adopting
    conflict strategies. Share your interpretation of the aspects highlighted by the author in
    your own words. Do you find them comprehensive, or can you identify additional social
    contextual factors?

    Ex

    Christina Kreitzer
    Jan 22 3:49pm| Last reply Jan 22 4:22pm
    Manage Discussion by Christina Kreitzer

    Reply from Christina Kreitzer

    In this week’s reading, Kriesberg talks about seven big things in a person's
    surroundings that shape how they choose to deal with conflict. This was my
    understanding of what they are:

    1. Institutions of the opponents' social system – Every social group has rules
    – they could be school, work, family, church rules, etc – and these rules
    influence how people behave when there's a disagreement. If a family leaves
    holiday decorations outside for too long past a holiday, their neighbors might
    give them a hard time. This is part of a social rule structure. Some social
    structures encourage everyone to talk things out and get them out in the open
    while other social groups might encourage competition.

    2. Norms and ways of thinking: People act based on what’s normal
    depending on where they live. If everyone around them is used to using
    physical violence to solve a problem, their children might do the same.

    3. Roles of other parties: This talks about the part other people play within the
    conflict. If a student destroys school property, for example, a teacher or
    school administrator might handle the conflict or even a law enforcement
    officer. Sometimes other people can make things better, but they can also
    make it worse if they take sides or pressure you to make a decision that goes
    against your own moral code.

    4. Resource inequalities: There are usually resource inequalities in a conflict –
    where one person has way more money, influence, or power than the other.
    This might empower the one with more resources to boss the other person

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/142268](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/142268)

    around. Think of a large manufacturing plant with no union representation. In
    that case, the company heads have almost all the power in that they can
    easily fire and replace anyone who complains about the wages, working
    conditions, or treatment at work.

    5. Changing technologies: The way people try to resolve problems changes
    when new things get invented. When social media became popular,
    face-to-face arguments lessened and online arguments or “resolutions” were
    more frequent. Another example might be the invention of the body camera
    for law enforcement officers. This added a layer of accountability that was
    missing before the usage of body cams became required in certain places.

    6. Integration: This refers to how well people blend in together or interact with
    each other. If people have to rely on each other for something – like
    classmates who have to work on a group project or colleagues who have to
    pitch a client together – they might try harder to get along because there is a
    common goal. If they’re separate and don’t need each other for any reason,
    then they might not care as much about resolving a conflict together.

    7. Response to stress: Everyone reacts differently to stressful situations.
    Some people stay calm and think things through while other people might get
    aggressive or avoid the problem altogether. We looked at avoidance a couple
    of weeks ago as another way to possibly address conflict. Stress can
    manifest in all kinds of ways and it’s something to consider when trying to put
    different people together to resolve conflict.

    An aspect that wasn’t mentioned in the book which I think should be considered is past
    experiences or the historical context around a disagreement. There might be cultural
    differences that should be taken into consideration as well. In some cultures, speaking
    up and being vocal about a conflict is no big deal, but in others speaking out or being
    outspoken would be considered disrespectful or out of line. All of these elements should
    be considered during conflict resolutions. People don’t just walk into conflicts with a
    blank slate. They bring all their past baggage with them, whether it's personal
    experiences, cultural upbringing, or patterns of dealing with conflict that have been
    passed down by the generations before them.

    Rhiannon Miller
    Jan 21 7:04pm| Last reply Jan 22 1:19pm
    Manage Discussion by Rhiannon Miller

    Reply from Rhiannon Miller

    [https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682](https://canvas.pdx.edu/courses/94652/users/91682)

    In this week’s reading by Kriesberg, the author explores how social context plays a key
    role in determining the strategies people use in conflicts. He discusses how our
    personal interests, aspirations, and goals influence the way we approach
    disagreements, and how these factors can either escalate or de-escalate conflicts.

    One main point that stood out to me was the idea that conflicts often arise from unmet
    needs or unfulfilled desires. For example, when someone feels that their basic needs,
    like security or recognition, aren’t being met, they may feel deprived in comparison to
    others. This feeling of deprivation can lead to frustration, making people more
    determined to fight for what they think they deserve. The reading also highlighted how
    power imbalances in conflicts can make the situation even more intense. When one
    party holds more power, they may try to control the situation in their favor, which can
    make the conflict more destructive.

    I can relate to this idea from my own life. For example, in my work environment, there
    have been situations where I felt my needs for recognition and growth weren’t being
    met, especially when I saw others moving ahead. That feeling of being "left behind" led
    to frustration and, at times, conflict with coworkers or even managers. It wasn’t about
    the job itself, but more about feeling like my aspirations for progress were not being
    acknowledged, and it created tension. This is where the idea of relative deprivation
    really resonates with me—the feeling that others have something I should have, too.

    The author also talks about the role of culture and relationships in shaping conflict
    dynamics. In many situations, conflicts don’t just involve opposing interests; they are
    also shaped by social identities, such as gender, race, or class. In my case, I’ve seen
    how different cultures and backgrounds can affect how conflict is handled. Some people
    might prefer to address issues directly, while others might avoid confrontation.
    Understanding these cultural differences can really help in resolving conflicts more
    peacefully, which I try to keep in mind when interacting with others.

    I think Kriesberg’s analysis is comprehensive, but I would add that emotional
    intelligence and communication skills are also crucial in managing conflicts. Sometimes,
    it’s not just about understanding the source of the conflict but also how we communicate
    our needs and how open we are to hearing the needs of others. In my personal
    experience, conflicts often resolve more smoothly when both parties are willing to listen
    and adjust their expectations.

    – Reply from Christina Kreitzer
    – Reply from Rhiannon Miller

  • [Solved] BIBLIOGRAPHY

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    SEE ATTACHMENT Please and Thank You! – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## Wk2Bibliography.docx **## Wk2Bibliography.docx** **Bibliography** **Directions** **\*\* My Theorist is: Margaret A. Newman** Perform a database search for primary sources of your theorist's work. Your search should focus on PRIM…

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    SEE ATTACHMENT Please and Thank You!

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Wk2Bibliography.docx

    **## Wk2Bibliography.docx**

    **Bibliography**

    **Directions**

    **\*\* My Theorist is: Margaret A. Newman**

    Perform a database search for primary sources of your theorist's work.

    Your search should focus on PRIMARY sources, work
    **specifically done by your theorist.**

    Be aware of and do not confuse primary sources with primary research for your theorist presentation.

    Sources about your theorist but authored by someone else are considered secondary sources.

    This work can be in the form of articles, textbooks, or journals, but
    **websites are not acceptable for this assignment**.

    In addition, some theorists maintain their own website.

    Only peer reviewed published articles from these websites may be included in this assignment. It is imperative that you use primary sources when gathering information.

    **Assignment Details**

    Submit a bibliography list of primary and secondary sources in
    **alphabetical order. Do not list these with headings as primary and or secondary**.

    Submission must be in APA format (alphabetical order). Annotations are not needed.

    Provide a one-page reference list with a minimum of three primary and three secondary sources in APA format.

    **\*\* SEE THE RUBRIC BELOW**

    Theory Project: Submit Bibliography Rubric

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | | | |
    | **Theory Project: Submit Bibliography Rubric** |
    | **Criteria** | **Ratings** | **Pts** |
    | The list is in alphabetical order<br>view longer description | | / 3 pts |
    | Second primary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | Third primary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | First secondary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | Second secondary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | Third secondary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |

    **## Wk2Bibliography.docx**

    **Bibliography**

    **Directions**

    **\*\* My Theorist is: Margaret A. Newman**

    Perform a database search for primary sources of your theorist's work.

    Your search should focus on PRIMARY sources, work
    **specifically done by your theorist.**

    Be aware of and do not confuse primary sources with primary research for your theorist presentation.

    Sources about your theorist but authored by someone else are considered secondary sources.

    This work can be in the form of articles, textbooks, or journals, but
    **websites are not acceptable for this assignment**.

    In addition, some theorists maintain their own website.

    Only peer reviewed published articles from these websites may be included in this assignment. It is imperative that you use primary sources when gathering information.

    **Assignment Details**

    Submit a bibliography list of primary and secondary sources in
    **alphabetical order. Do not list these with headings as primary and or secondary**.

    Submission must be in APA format (alphabetical order). Annotations are not needed.

    Provide a one-page reference list with a minimum of three primary and three secondary sources in APA format.

    **\*\* SEE THE RUBRIC BELOW**

    Theory Project: Submit Bibliography Rubric

    | | | |
    | — | — | — |
    | | | |
    | **Theory Project: Submit Bibliography Rubric** |
    | **Criteria** | **Ratings** | **Pts** |
    | The list is in alphabetical order<br>view longer description | | / 3 pts |
    | Second primary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | Third primary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | First secondary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | Second secondary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |
    | Third secondary source in APA format | | / 3 pts |

  • [Solved] Outline

    ✓ Verified Academic Solution Available

    Executive Solution Overview

    – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## doc714s_v2_wk5_prospectus_template.docx **## doc714s_v2_wk5_prospectus_template.docx** 1 2 _Program Note: DOC/714S is about_ _the process and conceptualization of your research. Final Approval for research topic, problem and purpose statements, and research q…

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    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## doc714s_v2_wk5_prospectus_template.docx

    **## doc714s_v2_wk5_prospectus_template.docx**

    1

    2

    _Program Note: DOC/714S is about_
    _the process and conceptualization of your research.  Final Approval for research topic, problem and purpose statements, and research questions will be secured from your dissertation Chair and University Research Methodologist (URM)._

    While your RES/709 faculty member's evaluation and feedback are essential, final approval for your research topic, problem statement, purpose statement, and research questions rest with your dissertation Chair and URM, who have expertise in guiding and assessing the research at the appropriate dissertation phases.

    The primary faculty member for this course will give you feedback on your progress and encourage you to look deeper into your topic while researching its feasibility.  RES/709 is focused on the process and provide the conceptualization and design strategies needed to initiate, create, and reframe your research as you progress your doctoral journey.

    Your RES/709 faculty member will be available to offer guidance and support regarding the process and development of the foundational elements of your research.  However, again,
    **your course faculty member is not responsible for approving your problem statement, purpose statement, and research questions.**

    Beginning in DOC/715, your dissertation Chair and URM will be the individuals responsible for approving your problem statement, purpose statement, and research questions of your dissertation.  Additionally, your URM will assist in ensuring the final alignment of your research method and design.

    It is crucial to keep in mind the feedback and guidance provided by your dissertation committee is vital in ensuring your study meets the highest standards and expectations of the program.

    During DOC/715, DOC/723, DOC/741, and DOC/742, it is highly recommended you closely collaborate with your dissertation committee to incorporate the feedback provided by these experts.  Furthermore, you must approach the development of your dissertation with a growth mindset to enable you to cultivate the Scholar-Practitioner-Leader skills necessary for success in our program and your future career.

    By embracing challenges as opportunities for learning and growth, persevering through obstacles, and acquiring the skills and knowledge required to become an effective Scholar-Practitioner-Leader, you will excel not only in your doctoral journey but also in your academic and professional endeavors.  I am confident adopting a growth mindset will contribute to achieving your goals.

    **DOC/714S Prospectus**

    ## Your Name

    ## Institution Name

    Course Name

    Faculty Member’s Name

    Assignment Due Date

    **Prospectus**

    1.
    **Program of Study**

    For example, this could be DBA, DHA, DM, or EDD, including specialization, when applicable.

    2.
    **Problem Statement**

    Write 1 or 2 paragraphs here providing a brief description and background of the identified problem and provide your 1-sentence problem statement. The problem should convey an existing issue and the statement should be supported by citing literature or personal communication from an organizational leader.

    3.
    **Purpose Statement**

    Provide a statement about the study’s objectives here. Review the “Purpose” section of the “Research Design Selection and Alignment” section associated with the proposed design to ensure alignment.​

    4.
    **Research Methodology (Proposed Method and Design)**

    After reviewing the “Overview of Methods and Designs” section and the “Research Design Selection and Alignment” section, select a method and a design that are most appropriate for the proposed study. State the proposed method and design here and briefly describe why these are appropriate to achieve the proposed objectives.​

    5.
    **Research Population and Sample and Other Data Sources**

    Describe the population by discussing the criteria for selecting the study participants. Additionally, describe the sample size and describe the rationale for the sample size. If the study will include archival data, briefly explain the proposed data sources.

    6.
    **Significance of the Study**

    ## Provide a statement here of the importance of conducting the study. Review the “Significance of the Study” section of the “Research Design Selection” and “Alignment” section associated with the proposed design to ensure alignment.​

    7.
    **Research Questions/Hypotheses**

    State the proposed research question and hypotheses, when appropriate. Review the “Research Questions/Hypotheses” section of the “Research Design Selection” and “Alignment” section associated with the proposed design to ensure alignment.

    8.
    **Topic Literature**

    Provide a list of 5 to 10 references in APA format that are relevant to the proposed study. Include 1 or 2 sentences with each reference to describe the relevance of the literature to the proposed study.

    9.
    **Topic Theories**

    Review research literature associated with the selected research topic(s) and state up to 3 relevant theories associated with the topics. This step will become the basis for the conceptual or theoretical framework, which will become more fully developed in chapters 1 and 2 of the proposal.

    10.
    **Research Data Collection Strategy**

    Briefly describe the proposed process for collecting these data from the research sample and from any archival sources described in item 5.

    ## **References**

    **Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
    [Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix. See information in "Appendix A" for how to locate DOI numbers for journal articles.

    When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

    **Journal Article Example**

    Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
    _Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

    [https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304](https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304)

    **Authored Book Example**

    Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
    _Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

    **Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

    Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
    _The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications.
    [https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11](https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11)

    **Magazine Article Example**

    Kuttner, R. (2003, September 8). The great American pension-fund robbery. Business Week, 24–26.
    [http://www.businessweek.com](http://www.businessweek.com/)

    **Dissertation Example**

    Lisbon, E. I. (2010).
    _A study of leadership preferences by generation._(Publication No. 3455137) [Doctoral dissertation, Our Lady of the Lake University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

    **Appendix A**

    **Locating DOI Numbers or Links for Journal Articles**

    Digital object identifiers (DOI) are a new system and articles have been, or are in the process, of being identified with a DOI number. As an author, one of your responsibilities is to see if an article has been assigned a DOI number, and if not, provide a direct link to the article, instead of providing “Retrieved from (secured database).” Using a DOI and avoiding secured database URLs allows individuals interested in researching 1 of your references to have easier article access.

    Sometimes finding a DOI number or a direct link can be challenging. When you see “Search ProQuest” in a link, then you know the link is to a secured database that most people will not have access to. There are 2 areas to search for DOI numbers. They usually lead to locating a DOI number.

    **Follow** these instructions to locate a DOI number:

    1. Access
    [**Crossref**](https://www.crossref.org/).

    2. In the
    **search bar**, select the
    **Search metadata tab**.

    3. Copy and paste or type in the article title into the
    **search bar** and select the
    **Enter key**.

    4. Review the
    **search results**.

    a. If your desired article has been assigned a DOI number, the article and DOI will usually be the first item listed in the results. Consider bookmarking this website to quickly look up DOI numbers for future articles.

    b. If your article doesn't return a search result, the article has not been assigned a DOI number yet. Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for alternate options. You must provide an easily accessible link for every journal article.

    **Appendix B**

    **Paragraphing with the MEAL Plan**

    Refer to the MEAL Plan method.[footnoteRef:2] [2: Adapted from “Paragraphing: The MEAL Plan,” by Duke University, 2006 (https://twp.duke.edu/sites/twp.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/meal-plan.original.pdf).]

    **M: Main Idea**

    Every paragraph should have 1 main idea. If you find that your paragraphs have more than 1 main idea, separate your paragraphs so that each has only 1 main point. The idea behind a paragraph is to introduce an idea and expand upon it. If you veer off into a new topic, begin a new paragraph.

    **E: Evidence or Examples**

    Your main idea needs support, either in the form of evidence that buttresses your argument or examples that explain your idea. If you don’t have any evidence or examples to support your main idea, your idea may not be strong enough to warrant a complete paragraph. In this case, reevaluate your idea and see whether you even need to keep it in the paper.

    **A: Analysis**

    Analysis is the heart of academic writing. While your readers want to see evidence or examples of your idea, the critical part of your idea is your interpretation of your evidence or examples: how you break them apart, how you compare them to other ideas, how you use them to build a persuasive case, how you demonstrate their strengths or weaknesses, and so on. Analysis is especially important if your evidence (E) is a quotation from another author. Always follow a quotation with your analysis of the quotation, demonstrating how that quotation helps you to make your case. If you let a quotation stand on its own, the quotation’s author will have a stronger voice in your paragraph (and maybe even your paper) than you will.

    **L: Link**

    Links help your reader see how your paragraphs fit together. When you end a paragraph, try to link it to something else in your paper, such as your thesis or argument, the previous paragraph or main idea, or the following paragraph. Creating links will help your reader understand the logic and organization of your paper, as well as the logic and organization of your argument or main points.[footnoteRef:3] [3: Adapted from “Paragraphing: The MEAL Plan,” by Duke University, 2006 (https://twp.duke.edu/sites/twp.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/meal-plan.original.pdf).]

    **Example Using Each Letter of the MEAL Plan:**

    **M**: Supporters and opponents of the death penalty have justified their beliefs on a number of grounds.

    **E**: Supporters, for instance, argue that the death penalty is the ultimate specific deterrent in that someone who is put to death will never be able to murder again (Pataki, 1997).

    **A**: The threat of being put to death for an offense may also act as a general deterrent, promoting a safer community (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983).

    Further, some argue that the death penalty provides retribution and answers individual, and society needs to punish offenders (Fein, 1993) and that the death penalty is cheaper than life imprisonment.

    **L**: Based on these arguments, supporters believe that the justice system has a duty to impose the death penalty on certain offenders (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983).

    **Sample Paragraph:**

    Supporters and opponents of the death penalty have justified their beliefs on a number of grounds. Supporters, for instance, argued the death penalty is the ultimate specific deterrent as someone who is put to death will never be able to murder again (Pataki, 1997). The threat of being put to death for an offense may also act as a general deterrent, promoting a safer community (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983). Further, Fein (1993) argued the death penalty provides retribution, answers individual and societal needs to punish offenders, and is cheaper than life imprisonment. Based on these arguments, supporters believe the justice system has a duty to impose the death penalty on certain offenders (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983).

    **## doc714s_v2_wk5_prospectus_template.docx**

    1

    2

    _Program Note: DOC/714S is about_
    _the process and conceptualization of your research.  Final Approval for research topic, problem and purpose statements, and research questions will be secured from your dissertation Chair and University Research Methodologist (URM)._

    While your RES/709 faculty member's evaluation and feedback are essential, final approval for your research topic, problem statement, purpose statement, and research questions rest with your dissertation Chair and URM, who have expertise in guiding and assessing the research at the appropriate dissertation phases.

    The primary faculty member for this course will give you feedback on your progress and encourage you to look deeper into your topic while researching its feasibility.  RES/709 is focused on the process and provide the conceptualization and design strategies needed to initiate, create, and reframe your research as you progress your doctoral journey.

    Your RES/709 faculty member will be available to offer guidance and support regarding the process and development of the foundational elements of your research.  However, again,
    **your course faculty member is not responsible for approving your problem statement, purpose statement, and research questions.**

    Beginning in DOC/715, your dissertation Chair and URM will be the individuals responsible for approving your problem statement, purpose statement, and research questions of your dissertation.  Additionally, your URM will assist in ensuring the final alignment of your research method and design.

    It is crucial to keep in mind the feedback and guidance provided by your dissertation committee is vital in ensuring your study meets the highest standards and expectations of the program.

    During DOC/715, DOC/723, DOC/741, and DOC/742, it is highly recommended you closely collaborate with your dissertation committee to incorporate the feedback provided by these experts.  Furthermore, you must approach the development of your dissertation with a growth mindset to enable you to cultivate the Scholar-Practitioner-Leader skills necessary for success in our program and your future career.

    By embracing challenges as opportunities for learning and growth, persevering through obstacles, and acquiring the skills and knowledge required to become an effective Scholar-Practitioner-Leader, you will excel not only in your doctoral journey but also in your academic and professional endeavors.  I am confident adopting a growth mindset will contribute to achieving your goals.

    **DOC/714S Prospectus**

    ## Your Name

    ## Institution Name

    Course Name

    Faculty Member’s Name

    Assignment Due Date

    **Prospectus**

    1.
    **Program of Study**

    For example, this could be DBA, DHA, DM, or EDD, including specialization, when applicable.

    2.
    **Problem Statement**

    Write 1 or 2 paragraphs here providing a brief description and background of the identified problem and provide your 1-sentence problem statement. The problem should convey an existing issue and the statement should be supported by citing literature or personal communication from an organizational leader.

    3.
    **Purpose Statement**

    Provide a statement about the study’s objectives here. Review the “Purpose” section of the “Research Design Selection and Alignment” section associated with the proposed design to ensure alignment.​

    4.
    **Research Methodology (Proposed Method and Design)**

    After reviewing the “Overview of Methods and Designs” section and the “Research Design Selection and Alignment” section, select a method and a design that are most appropriate for the proposed study. State the proposed method and design here and briefly describe why these are appropriate to achieve the proposed objectives.​

    5.
    **Research Population and Sample and Other Data Sources**

    Describe the population by discussing the criteria for selecting the study participants. Additionally, describe the sample size and describe the rationale for the sample size. If the study will include archival data, briefly explain the proposed data sources.

    6.
    **Significance of the Study**

    ## Provide a statement here of the importance of conducting the study. Review the “Significance of the Study” section of the “Research Design Selection” and “Alignment” section associated with the proposed design to ensure alignment.​

    7.
    **Research Questions/Hypotheses**

    State the proposed research question and hypotheses, when appropriate. Review the “Research Questions/Hypotheses” section of the “Research Design Selection” and “Alignment” section associated with the proposed design to ensure alignment.

    8.
    **Topic Literature**

    Provide a list of 5 to 10 references in APA format that are relevant to the proposed study. Include 1 or 2 sentences with each reference to describe the relevance of the literature to the proposed study.

    9.
    **Topic Theories**

    Review research literature associated with the selected research topic(s) and state up to 3 relevant theories associated with the topics. This step will become the basis for the conceptual or theoretical framework, which will become more fully developed in chapters 1 and 2 of the proposal.

    10.
    **Research Data Collection Strategy**

    Briefly describe the proposed process for collecting these data from the research sample and from any archival sources described in item 5.

    ## **References**

    **Note:** The following provides examples for formatting different pieces of literature. According to APA guidelines, the reference page is not sub-divided by type of literature, but it has been provided in this format for ease of reference as you use this template. All references are in alphabetical order according to authors’ last names. All references listed in the reference list must have an in-text citation from that source in the body of the paper. For additional reference formatting examples, see Ch. 10, “Reference Examples,” of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). For APA tutorials on formatting citations and references, please access the
    [Doctoral Writing Resources](https://library.phoenix.edu/doctoral_guide/welcome) page on MyPhoenix. See information in "Appendix A" for how to locate DOI numbers for journal articles.

    When using this “References” template page, replace these references with your own, and remove the content type headings and this paragraph.

    **Journal Article Example**

    Ainsworth, S., & Purss, A. (2009). Same time, next year?
    _Personnel Review, 38_(3), 217–235.

    [https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304](https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910943304)

    **Authored Book Example**

    Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2007).
    _Management: Leading and collaborating in a competitive world_(7th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

    **Chapter in an Edited Book** **Example**

    Eatough, V., & Smith, J. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In C. Willig & W. Stainton-Rogers (Eds.),
    _The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology_ (pp. 179–195). Sage Publications.
    [https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11](https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848607927.n11)

    **Magazine Article Example**

    Kuttner, R. (2003, September 8). The great American pension-fund robbery. Business Week, 24–26.
    [http://www.businessweek.com](http://www.businessweek.com/)

    **Dissertation Example**

    Lisbon, E. I. (2010).
    _A study of leadership preferences by generation._(Publication No. 3455137) [Doctoral dissertation, Our Lady of the Lake University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

    **Appendix A**

    **Locating DOI Numbers or Links for Journal Articles**

    Digital object identifiers (DOI) are a new system and articles have been, or are in the process, of being identified with a DOI number. As an author, one of your responsibilities is to see if an article has been assigned a DOI number, and if not, provide a direct link to the article, instead of providing “Retrieved from (secured database).” Using a DOI and avoiding secured database URLs allows individuals interested in researching 1 of your references to have easier article access.

    Sometimes finding a DOI number or a direct link can be challenging. When you see “Search ProQuest” in a link, then you know the link is to a secured database that most people will not have access to. There are 2 areas to search for DOI numbers. They usually lead to locating a DOI number.

    **Follow** these instructions to locate a DOI number:

    1. Access
    [**Crossref**](https://www.crossref.org/).

    2. In the
    **search bar**, select the
    **Search metadata tab**.

    3. Copy and paste or type in the article title into the
    **search bar** and select the
    **Enter key**.

    4. Review the
    **search results**.

    a. If your desired article has been assigned a DOI number, the article and DOI will usually be the first item listed in the results. Consider bookmarking this website to quickly look up DOI numbers for future articles.

    b. If your article doesn't return a search result, the article has not been assigned a DOI number yet. Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) for alternate options. You must provide an easily accessible link for every journal article.

    **Appendix B**

    **Paragraphing with the MEAL Plan**

    Refer to the MEAL Plan method.[footnoteRef:2] [2: Adapted from “Paragraphing: The MEAL Plan,” by Duke University, 2006 (https://twp.duke.edu/sites/twp.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/meal-plan.original.pdf).]

    **M: Main Idea**

    Every paragraph should have 1 main idea. If you find that your paragraphs have more than 1 main idea, separate your paragraphs so that each has only 1 main point. The idea behind a paragraph is to introduce an idea and expand upon it. If you veer off into a new topic, begin a new paragraph.

    **E: Evidence or Examples**

    Your main idea needs support, either in the form of evidence that buttresses your argument or examples that explain your idea. If you don’t have any evidence or examples to support your main idea, your idea may not be strong enough to warrant a complete paragraph. In this case, reevaluate your idea and see whether you even need to keep it in the paper.

    **A: Analysis**

    Analysis is the heart of academic writing. While your readers want to see evidence or examples of your idea, the critical part of your idea is your interpretation of your evidence or examples: how you break them apart, how you compare them to other ideas, how you use them to build a persuasive case, how you demonstrate their strengths or weaknesses, and so on. Analysis is especially important if your evidence (E) is a quotation from another author. Always follow a quotation with your analysis of the quotation, demonstrating how that quotation helps you to make your case. If you let a quotation stand on its own, the quotation’s author will have a stronger voice in your paragraph (and maybe even your paper) than you will.

    **L: Link**

    Links help your reader see how your paragraphs fit together. When you end a paragraph, try to link it to something else in your paper, such as your thesis or argument, the previous paragraph or main idea, or the following paragraph. Creating links will help your reader understand the logic and organization of your paper, as well as the logic and organization of your argument or main points.[footnoteRef:3] [3: Adapted from “Paragraphing: The MEAL Plan,” by Duke University, 2006 (https://twp.duke.edu/sites/twp.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/meal-plan.original.pdf).]

    **Example Using Each Letter of the MEAL Plan:**

    **M**: Supporters and opponents of the death penalty have justified their beliefs on a number of grounds.

    **E**: Supporters, for instance, argue that the death penalty is the ultimate specific deterrent in that someone who is put to death will never be able to murder again (Pataki, 1997).

    **A**: The threat of being put to death for an offense may also act as a general deterrent, promoting a safer community (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983).

    Further, some argue that the death penalty provides retribution and answers individual, and society needs to punish offenders (Fein, 1993) and that the death penalty is cheaper than life imprisonment.

    **L**: Based on these arguments, supporters believe that the justice system has a duty to impose the death penalty on certain offenders (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983).

    **Sample Paragraph:**

    Supporters and opponents of the death penalty have justified their beliefs on a number of grounds. Supporters, for instance, argued the death penalty is the ultimate specific deterrent as someone who is put to death will never be able to murder again (Pataki, 1997). The threat of being put to death for an offense may also act as a general deterrent, promoting a safer community (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983). Further, Fein (1993) argued the death penalty provides retribution, answers individual and societal needs to punish offenders, and is cheaper than life imprisonment. Based on these arguments, supporters believe the justice system has a duty to impose the death penalty on certain offenders (van den Haag & Conrad, 1983).

  • [Solved] Business

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  • [Solved] Nursing Pharm Assignment 2

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    Review a minimum of five academic articles and map out your research on the drug ibuprofen, creating a table that includes the information you found on your drug of choice including the author, the date, article name, location of the published source, and page number. – 2 years ago

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    Review a minimum of five academic articles and map out your research on the drug ibuprofen, creating a table that includes the information you found on your drug of choice including the author, the date, article name, location of the published source, and page number.

    – 2 years ago

  • [Solved] Reply to Discussion Post

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    Please see Attached and THANK YOU – 2 years ago **files (1)** – ## Discussion2.1-KnowledgeDevelopmentinNursing.docx **## Discussion2.1-KnowledgeDevelopmentinNursing.docx** **WK2: Discussion: Knowledge Development in Nursing** ***Please REPLY to the TWO Discussion Posts** **APA Format with In-text C…

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    Please see Attached and THANK YOU

    – 2 years ago

    **files (1)**

    – ## Discussion2.1-KnowledgeDevelopmentinNursing.docx

    **## Discussion2.1-KnowledgeDevelopmentinNursing.docx**

    **WK2: Discussion: Knowledge Development in Nursing**

    ***Please REPLY to the TWO Discussion Posts**

    **APA Format with In-text Citation and Reference List**

    **TWO Peer-Reviewed references minimum PER POST within last 5 years**

    **\_\_\____________________________________**

    ShelbsC

    **_Discussion Post Reply #1_**

    While studying Thomas Kuhn and Georg Friedrich Hegel I developed my own understanding of their work. Kuhn seems to prioritize assumptions and the need for assumptions. According to Kuhn assumptions are necessary for any advancements to occur (Sprightly Pedagogue, 2018, 0:01:52). To me this means that it is very important to be able to develop your own ideas and be able to progress and improve. Georg Friedrich Hegel seems to take a slightly different approach. According to Hagel, human progress is not linear, and that history occurs in a Dialectical Way (The School of Life, 2017, 0:01:01). He goes on to break the Dialectical Way into 3 categories: thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. I thought that it was very interesting that Hegel says that the thesis and antithesis need to both clash and interact with each other to be able to eventually come together and form the synthesis (The School of Life, 2017, 0:01:18). I found a similarity between Kuhn and Hegels’ work. I believe that both felt as though there was a need to debate and evaluate certain situations or circumstances to be able to come to an appropriate conclusion. Though their approach to a solution is different, they both show that there is importance in developing a solution.

                Philosophers Immanuel Kant and Rene Descartes stood out to me above the other philosophers I researched during this assignment. To me, they both had very interesting views that are relevant to nursing knowledge and development. Immanuel Kant came up with the idea, Categorical Imperative, which states “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law” (The School of Life, 2015, 0:02:56). This is relevant to nursing knowledge because, as nurses, we need to treat our patients the way we would want ourselves or our family to be treated. Rene Descartes stated that to solve one large problem, you needed to divide it into smaller problems first (The School of Life, 2015, 0:01:11). We are taught in nursing school that when we are faced with a challenging case, we need to first decide what is of the most importance and then go up the list from there. As nurses, we are conditioned to break medical conditions down into different components to be able to care for and treat patients accordingly.

                According to Heesook Kim, philosophies of the nursing practice determine what nurses must do to be able to adequately care for their patients (Kim, 2015). Nurses utilize philosophy to be able to determine what is needed of their patients and evaluate possible treatments and solutions to various medical conditions. Kim goes on to say, “Nursing practice is guided by two philosophies: 1) The philosophy of care-focuses on clients as human persons in their totality and 2) The philosophy of therapy-focuses on the client’s problems for resolution or improvement” (Kim, 2015). Knowledge is another fundamental component to the field of nursing. If you have a lack of knowledge regarding a specific diagnosis, you would not be able to appropriately care for that patient. “Knowing includes knowledge based on observations, research findings, clinical manifestations, and scientific approaches” (Meleis, 2018). Philosophy and knowledge go hand in hand in nursing practice.

    KimN

    **Discussion Post Reply #2**

    After viewing the videos on Thomas Kuhn and Georg Friedrich Hegel, I better understand each thinker's key concepts and philosophies. Kuhn's work on scientific revolutions and paradigm shifts resonated with me, as it highlighted the idea that knowledge is not always linear and can be shaped by societal values and beliefs. Hegel's Hegelian dialectic, on the other hand, emphasized the concept of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis in the development of ideas and the progression of history.

    There are similarities between Kuhn's and Hegel's work, particularly in the emphasis on change and progress in knowledge. Both philosophers also recognized the role of societal and cultural factors in shaping our understanding of the world. However, Kuhn's work focuses more on the impact of scientific discoveries and their influence on our knowledge. In contrast, Hegel's work encompasses various fields, including philosophy, history, and politics.

    I also viewed videos on Immanuel Kant and Michel Foucault, who have significantly contributed to philosophy. Kant's ideas on the subjective nature of reality and the importance of reason in knowledge creation influenced my understanding of how knowledge is constructed. Foucault's ideas on power and knowledge also resonated with me, as they brought attention to the role of power dynamics in shaping what we consider knowledge and how it is disseminated.

    About nursing, these videos highlight the importance of critical thinking and questioning in healthcare. As nurses, we must constantly reflect on our beliefs and practices, staying attuned to paradigm shifts or scientific understanding changes. Understanding the influence of societal and cultural factors on knowledge construction also reminds us to remain open-minded and aware of potential biases.

    Philosophy plays a crucial role in the development of nursing knowledge. Kuhn and Hegel's work and other philosophers offer valuable insights into how knowledge is constructed, contested, and applied in various fields. As nurses, engaging with these philosophical ideas is essential to further our understanding of the world and promote critical thinking in our practice.

    According to Kim (2015), we can better understand and articulate our nursing knowledge by examining the assumptions and beliefs that underlie our practice. Additionally, incorporating philosophical perspectives can help us address complex ethical and moral dilemmas and provide a framework for understanding and interpreting research findings. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to continually engage with philosophical ideas to enhance their knowledge development and improve their practice.

    The videos on Kuhn and Hegel, as well as other philosophy videos, have expanded my understanding of the role of philosophy in knowledge development and its importance in nursing. They have also highlighted the need for nurses to engage in critical thinking and reflective practice to develop and improve their knowledge and practice continually.

    **## Discussion2.1-KnowledgeDevelopmentinNursing.docx**

    **WK2: Discussion: Knowledge Development in Nursing**

    ***Please REPLY to the TWO Discussion Posts**

    **APA Format with In-text Citation and Reference List**

    **TWO Peer-Reviewed references minimum PER POST within last 5 years**

    **\_\_\____________________________________**

    ShelbsC

    **_Discussion Post Reply #1_**

    While studying Thomas Kuhn and Georg Friedrich Hegel I developed my own understanding of their work. Kuhn seems to prioritize assumptions and the need for assumptions. According to Kuhn assumptions are necessary for any advancements to occur (Sprightly Pedagogue, 2018, 0:01:52). To me this means that it is very important to be able to develop your own ideas and be able to progress and improve. Georg Friedrich Hegel seems to take a slightly different approach. According to Hagel, human progress is not linear, and that history occurs in a Dialectical Way (The School of Life, 2017, 0:01:01). He goes on to break the Dialectical Way into 3 categories: thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. I thought that it was very interesting that Hegel says that the thesis and antithesis need to both clash and interact with each other to be able to eventually come together and form the synthesis (The School of Life, 2017, 0:01:18). I found a similarity between Kuhn and Hegels’ work. I believe that both felt as though there was a need to debate and evaluate certain situations or circumstances to be able to come to an appropriate conclusion. Though their approach to a solution is different, they both show that there is importance in developing a solution.

                Philosophers Immanuel Kant and Rene Descartes stood out to me above the other philosophers I researched during this assignment. To me, they both had very interesting views that are relevant to nursing knowledge and development. Immanuel Kant came up with the idea, Categorical Imperative, which states “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law” (The School of Life, 2015, 0:02:56). This is relevant to nursing knowledge because, as nurses, we need to treat our patients the way we would want ourselves or our family to be treated. Rene Descartes stated that to solve one large problem, you needed to divide it into smaller problems first (The School of Life, 2015, 0:01:11). We are taught in nursing school that when we are faced with a challenging case, we need to first decide what is of the most importance and then go up the list from there. As nurses, we are conditioned to break medical conditions down into different components to be able to care for and treat patients accordingly.

                According to Heesook Kim, philosophies of the nursing practice determine what nurses must do to be able to adequately care for their patients (Kim, 2015). Nurses utilize philosophy to be able to determine what is needed of their patients and evaluate possible treatments and solutions to various medical conditions. Kim goes on to say, “Nursing practice is guided by two philosophies: 1) The philosophy of care-focuses on clients as human persons in their totality and 2) The philosophy of therapy-focuses on the client’s problems for resolution or improvement” (Kim, 2015). Knowledge is another fundamental component to the field of nursing. If you have a lack of knowledge regarding a specific diagnosis, you would not be able to appropriately care for that patient. “Knowing includes knowledge based on observations, research findings, clinical manifestations, and scientific approaches” (Meleis, 2018). Philosophy and knowledge go hand in hand in nursing practice.

    KimN

    **Discussion Post Reply #2**

    After viewing the videos on Thomas Kuhn and Georg Friedrich Hegel, I better understand each thinker's key concepts and philosophies. Kuhn's work on scientific revolutions and paradigm shifts resonated with me, as it highlighted the idea that knowledge is not always linear and can be shaped by societal values and beliefs. Hegel's Hegelian dialectic, on the other hand, emphasized the concept of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis in the development of ideas and the progression of history.

    There are similarities between Kuhn's and Hegel's work, particularly in the emphasis on change and progress in knowledge. Both philosophers also recognized the role of societal and cultural factors in shaping our understanding of the world. However, Kuhn's work focuses more on the impact of scientific discoveries and their influence on our knowledge. In contrast, Hegel's work encompasses various fields, including philosophy, history, and politics.

    I also viewed videos on Immanuel Kant and Michel Foucault, who have significantly contributed to philosophy. Kant's ideas on the subjective nature of reality and the importance of reason in knowledge creation influenced my understanding of how knowledge is constructed. Foucault's ideas on power and knowledge also resonated with me, as they brought attention to the role of power dynamics in shaping what we consider knowledge and how it is disseminated.

    About nursing, these videos highlight the importance of critical thinking and questioning in healthcare. As nurses, we must constantly reflect on our beliefs and practices, staying attuned to paradigm shifts or scientific understanding changes. Understanding the influence of societal and cultural factors on knowledge construction also reminds us to remain open-minded and aware of potential biases.

    Philosophy plays a crucial role in the development of nursing knowledge. Kuhn and Hegel's work and other philosophers offer valuable insights into how knowledge is constructed, contested, and applied in various fields. As nurses, engaging with these philosophical ideas is essential to further our understanding of the world and promote critical thinking in our practice.

    According to Kim (2015), we can better understand and articulate our nursing knowledge by examining the assumptions and beliefs that underlie our practice. Additionally, incorporating philosophical perspectives can help us address complex ethical and moral dilemmas and provide a framework for understanding and interpreting research findings. Therefore, it is essential for nurses to continually engage with philosophical ideas to enhance their knowledge development and improve their practice.

    The videos on Kuhn and Hegel, as well as other philosophy videos, have expanded my understanding of the role of philosophy in knowledge development and its importance in nursing. They have also highlighted the need for nurses to engage in critical thinking and reflective practice to develop and improve their knowledge and practice continually.

  • [Solved] Testing

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    testing – [\ \ Testing.docx](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/testing-docx-10164069 "Testing.docx") – 2 years ago

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    Case study on a topic with questions. – 2 years ago

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    Case study on a topic with questions.

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  • [Solved] Principle of Ethics

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    This assignment is the first step in a three part project. You only need to focus on part one at this point. Each step will build on earlier steps. However, it is not a matter of providing a rough draft of all or even part of the entire project here in week three. That is, further steps might requir…

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    This assignment is the first step in a three part project. You only need to focus on part one at this point. Each step will build on earlier steps. However, it is not a matter of providing a rough draft of all or even part of the entire project here in week three. That is, further steps might require completely new and original text.  At the same time, completing each step will aid you in completing a future step or future steps. And, you should use the same topic in all steps.

    First, select a topic of moral controversy, debate, disagreement, and dispute, Examples of such topics are euthanasia, the death penalty, abortion, cloning, etc. You can pick any such topic. It need not be listed here.

    Next, detail the positions of each side of the ethical debate. Note at least two moral reasons each side presents to show their view on the topic is correct.

    Now, we want to evaluate these positions using the moral theories we studied this week:

    – What would an Ethical Egoist say about this topic? What side would the Ethical Egoist take? What would the Ethical Egoist say to justify their moral position? Is there a conflict between loyalty to self and to community relevant to your topic? If so, how so? Note what you feel is the best course of action.
    – What would a Social Contract Ethicist say about this topic? What side would the Social Contract Ethicist take? What would the Social Contract Ethicist say to justify their moral position? Does your topic involve a collision between personal obligations and national ones? If so, how so? Note what you feel is the best course of action.

    Finally, reference and discuss any professional code of ethics relevant to your topic such as the AMA code for doctors, the ANA code for nurses, or any other pertinent professional code. State whether and how your chosen topic involves any conflicts between professional and familial duties.

    – 2 years ago