[Solved] Journal CYB

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

see attached

– 2 years ago

**files (2)**

– ## Journal.docx

– ## UnitVIII.pdf

**## Journal.docx**

How will the information you learned in this course be applied to your life and/or work to increase your future success? Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

Course Textbook(s) Johnson, R., & Easttom, C. (2022). Security policies and implementation issues (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284200034

**## UnitVIII.pdf**

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

1. Classify the vulnerabilities in the information technology (IT) security policy framework definition.
2. Assess an acceptable use policy implementation plan for an organization.
3. Outline a risk assessment policy defining a separation of duties to deter fraudulent actions within the

seven domains and policy definitions.
4. Analyze a security awareness training policy for new and existing employees at an organization.
5. Examine a computer incident response policy (CIRP).
6. Plan an organization-wide cybersecurity policy to ensure compliance within the seven domains of the

information technology (IT) infrastructure.

Required Unit Resources

Chapter 13: IT Security Policy Implementations

Chapter 14: IT Security Policy Enforcement

Unit Lesson

IT Security Policy Implementation

In the past few units, the information technology (IT) security culture has been discussed. If an organization is
just starting out and has new employees, it is easy to see the security culture mature. This is a result of the
new organization starting fresh with policies and procedures that everyone must learn and adhere to;
however, when the organization has been around for a long time during which employees come and go, the
security culture is more of a behavioral adaptation. The new employees just do what other employees do.
This unit lesson will look into implementing a security policy to affect an organizational culture that resists
changes.

Target States

A target state is a future state where the organization’s goals and objectives have been achieved utilizing the
necessary tools, processes, and resources (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). While it is possible to describe policy
goals and objectives in a variety of ways, one of the more effective is to think of them in terms of the following.

• Business risk explains how the policy decreases risk to an acceptable level.
• Compliance is how the policy safeguards compliance with laws and regulations.
• Threat vectors include how the policy will avoid, alleviate, or distinguish IT threats.

Whatever method is used, it is important to describe the target state in terms of necessary technology, tools,
and resources needed for implementation.

The Implementation Process

The ability to change an organization’s culture when implementing an IT security policy can be a tough sell to
the employees. To do so, the employees must first understand the business strategy of the company and a
means of collaborating among themselves in small steps when implementing security policies. Johnson and
Easttom (2022) state three common themes for defining the needs for security policies.

UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Information Technology Security
Policy Implementation and
Enforcement

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 2

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Personal accountability: Every employee must be accountable for his or her actions, and the security
policy is that steering mechanism for keeping employees compliant. Any break in this policy could
mean a loss of data, information, or assets. The most important issue to identify is the noncompliance
with the security policy.

• Directive and enforcement: How the policy is directed and enforced is up to management. This
means enforcement directives must be known to all employees within the organization. There should
be a zero-tolerance in failing to follow security policies.

• Valuable tool: By identifying and managing the risks by both management and employees, security
policies are an intricate tool in preventing further damage from security breaches.

Awareness and Training

Once the organization understands the need for security policies, management must provide a means of
security awareness throughout the organization (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). Security breaches happen
because employees are not educated in security awareness. Some of the reasons for security breaches
include

• zero training or poor training in security awareness,
• lack of motivation or lack of understanding of the policies,
• intentional acts or disgruntled employees,
• poor management and user decisions, and
• poorly written security policy.

To help eliminate these breaches, management must provide security awareness training so employees
understand there is a policy and the importance of the security policy and directives. In addition, employees
need security training by the experts so the employees will have the necessary skills to help prevent further
damage from security breaches (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Everyone should attend security awareness training. Those attending the training should include new
employees, contractors, individuals promoted into new positions, and vendors as define by the contract. At
minimum, refresher security awareness training should be conducted annually.

The ultimate goal of conducting security awareness is not to have employees repeat the things they have
heard but to achieve authentic learning that builds knowledge and skills that enable them to perform their
duties to protect assets and adhere to the policies. The measure of success in these trainings is how
effectively workers will be able to apply their lessons to their work life (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management

It does not matter how much effort is put into creating a policy and perfecting it if it is not going to be followed.
Therefore, a compliance program must also be created to ensure the value of the security policy is delivered.

Executive management helps guide the organization in the right direction to achieve a specific goal (Johnson
& Easttom, 2022). Since employees look to the executives for guidance, the executives must first set the
example and follow the same policies and rules as all the organization's other employees. The chief
information security officer (CISO) assists the executives in directing and enforcing the security awareness
program within the organization. By all means, the CISO works for the executives in that the CISO receives
additional guidance from the executives. It is important to note that there is a zero tolerance for not following
the security policies and that all violations of the security policies will be taken very seriously by the
executives.

A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation

The organization itself has a role in enforcing security policies. Within the hierarchical organization, there are
several committees that assist in the enforcement of security policies. These are known as gateway
committees, and their main job is to monitor the risks and enforce the policies for the organization. The roles
and responsibilities are varied. According to Johnson and Easttom (2022), these are some of the varied roles
and responsibilities.

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 3

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Project committees review the project concepts, designs, and testing phases within the project life
cycle. To reduce cost, the committee will identify risks early in the project and stop the project if it
notes noncompliance to policy.

• Architecture review committees encourage strict standards for technology and architecture in which
architectural models are used and embedded in the security design policy. The committee can stop a
project if it fails to meet the technical standards.

• External connection committees handle the monitoring of third-party connections to the organization
network. It ensures the security and reliability of the data transmitted in and out and enforces security
compliance of the policy. It ensures that all communications and encryption security policies have
been enforced. No connections are approved if they violate the security policy.

• Vendor governance committees have two roles, the business role for vendor relation oversight and
the technical role in ensuring the vendor complies with the vendor contractor policies.

• Security compliance committees have many roles, though the most important is to ensure there are
no violations of the policies that are put forth within the organization. This committee focuses on the
common controls entrenched in the different systems, applications, and operations in which users are
involved. They have an effect on the security pervasive control that must comply with the
organization's policies.

• Operational risk committees provide oversight and approve any risk tolerance that affects the
business of the organization.

Each of these committees has a line of sight into the organization relating to projects and initiatives. Although
they all view security from a different light, they are all ultimately responsible for enforcing policies.

Law Versus Policy

An organization must ensure that its policies are followed and stay informed on levels of compliance. Security
policies themselves are not laws but rather an interpretation of the law and its requirements. A law is a rule
prescribed under the authority of a government entity, whereas a regulation is a stricture that is developed
from a law under the authority of an agency (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

IT Culture, Revisited

Each organization has a unique IT security culture. Senior management along with IT professionals must
ensure that policies, documentation, security awareness, and procedures are updated and enforced. The
CISO must work in tandem with the CIO or CEO to help move the organization to a feasible security culture
that will not interrupt the organization's daily business.

Reference

Johnson, R., & Easttom, C. (2022). Security policies and implementation issues (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett

Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284200034

– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– IT Security Policy Implementation
– Target States
– The Implementation Process
– Awareness and Training
– Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management
– A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation
– Law Versus Policy
– IT Culture, Revisited
– Reference

**## UnitVIII.pdf**

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

1. Classify the vulnerabilities in the information technology (IT) security policy framework definition.
2. Assess an acceptable use policy implementation plan for an organization.
3. Outline a risk assessment policy defining a separation of duties to deter fraudulent actions within the

seven domains and policy definitions.
4. Analyze a security awareness training policy for new and existing employees at an organization.
5. Examine a computer incident response policy (CIRP).
6. Plan an organization-wide cybersecurity policy to ensure compliance within the seven domains of the

information technology (IT) infrastructure.

Required Unit Resources

Chapter 13: IT Security Policy Implementations

Chapter 14: IT Security Policy Enforcement

Unit Lesson

IT Security Policy Implementation

In the past few units, the information technology (IT) security culture has been discussed. If an organization is
just starting out and has new employees, it is easy to see the security culture mature. This is a result of the
new organization starting fresh with policies and procedures that everyone must learn and adhere to;
however, when the organization has been around for a long time during which employees come and go, the
security culture is more of a behavioral adaptation. The new employees just do what other employees do.
This unit lesson will look into implementing a security policy to affect an organizational culture that resists
changes.

Target States

A target state is a future state where the organization’s goals and objectives have been achieved utilizing the
necessary tools, processes, and resources (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). While it is possible to describe policy
goals and objectives in a variety of ways, one of the more effective is to think of them in terms of the following.

• Business risk explains how the policy decreases risk to an acceptable level.
• Compliance is how the policy safeguards compliance with laws and regulations.
• Threat vectors include how the policy will avoid, alleviate, or distinguish IT threats.

Whatever method is used, it is important to describe the target state in terms of necessary technology, tools,
and resources needed for implementation.

The Implementation Process

The ability to change an organization’s culture when implementing an IT security policy can be a tough sell to
the employees. To do so, the employees must first understand the business strategy of the company and a
means of collaborating among themselves in small steps when implementing security policies. Johnson and
Easttom (2022) state three common themes for defining the needs for security policies.

UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Information Technology Security
Policy Implementation and
Enforcement

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 2

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Personal accountability: Every employee must be accountable for his or her actions, and the security
policy is that steering mechanism for keeping employees compliant. Any break in this policy could
mean a loss of data, information, or assets. The most important issue to identify is the noncompliance
with the security policy.

• Directive and enforcement: How the policy is directed and enforced is up to management. This
means enforcement directives must be known to all employees within the organization. There should
be a zero-tolerance in failing to follow security policies.

• Valuable tool: By identifying and managing the risks by both management and employees, security
policies are an intricate tool in preventing further damage from security breaches.

Awareness and Training

Once the organization understands the need for security policies, management must provide a means of
security awareness throughout the organization (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). Security breaches happen
because employees are not educated in security awareness. Some of the reasons for security breaches
include

• zero training or poor training in security awareness,
• lack of motivation or lack of understanding of the policies,
• intentional acts or disgruntled employees,
• poor management and user decisions, and
• poorly written security policy.

To help eliminate these breaches, management must provide security awareness training so employees
understand there is a policy and the importance of the security policy and directives. In addition, employees
need security training by the experts so the employees will have the necessary skills to help prevent further
damage from security breaches (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Everyone should attend security awareness training. Those attending the training should include new
employees, contractors, individuals promoted into new positions, and vendors as define by the contract. At
minimum, refresher security awareness training should be conducted annually.

The ultimate goal of conducting security awareness is not to have employees repeat the things they have
heard but to achieve authentic learning that builds knowledge and skills that enable them to perform their
duties to protect assets and adhere to the policies. The measure of success in these trainings is how
effectively workers will be able to apply their lessons to their work life (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management

It does not matter how much effort is put into creating a policy and perfecting it if it is not going to be followed.
Therefore, a compliance program must also be created to ensure the value of the security policy is delivered.

Executive management helps guide the organization in the right direction to achieve a specific goal (Johnson
& Easttom, 2022). Since employees look to the executives for guidance, the executives must first set the
example and follow the same policies and rules as all the organization's other employees. The chief
information security officer (CISO) assists the executives in directing and enforcing the security awareness
program within the organization. By all means, the CISO works for the executives in that the CISO receives
additional guidance from the executives. It is important to note that there is a zero tolerance for not following
the security policies and that all violations of the security policies will be taken very seriously by the
executives.

A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation

The organization itself has a role in enforcing security policies. Within the hierarchical organization, there are
several committees that assist in the enforcement of security policies. These are known as gateway
committees, and their main job is to monitor the risks and enforce the policies for the organization. The roles
and responsibilities are varied. According to Johnson and Easttom (2022), these are some of the varied roles
and responsibilities.

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 3

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Project committees review the project concepts, designs, and testing phases within the project life
cycle. To reduce cost, the committee will identify risks early in the project and stop the project if it
notes noncompliance to policy.

• Architecture review committees encourage strict standards for technology and architecture in which
architectural models are used and embedded in the security design policy. The committee can stop a
project if it fails to meet the technical standards.

• External connection committees handle the monitoring of third-party connections to the organization
network. It ensures the security and reliability of the data transmitted in and out and enforces security
compliance of the policy. It ensures that all communications and encryption security policies have
been enforced. No connections are approved if they violate the security policy.

• Vendor governance committees have two roles, the business role for vendor relation oversight and
the technical role in ensuring the vendor complies with the vendor contractor policies.

• Security compliance committees have many roles, though the most important is to ensure there are
no violations of the policies that are put forth within the organization. This committee focuses on the
common controls entrenched in the different systems, applications, and operations in which users are
involved. They have an effect on the security pervasive control that must comply with the
organization's policies.

• Operational risk committees provide oversight and approve any risk tolerance that affects the
business of the organization.

Each of these committees has a line of sight into the organization relating to projects and initiatives. Although
they all view security from a different light, they are all ultimately responsible for enforcing policies.

Law Versus Policy

An organization must ensure that its policies are followed and stay informed on levels of compliance. Security
policies themselves are not laws but rather an interpretation of the law and its requirements. A law is a rule
prescribed under the authority of a government entity, whereas a regulation is a stricture that is developed
from a law under the authority of an agency (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

IT Culture, Revisited

Each organization has a unique IT security culture. Senior management along with IT professionals must
ensure that policies, documentation, security awareness, and procedures are updated and enforced. The
CISO must work in tandem with the CIO or CEO to help move the organization to a feasible security culture
that will not interrupt the organization's daily business.

Reference

Johnson, R., & Easttom, C. (2022). Security policies and implementation issues (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett

Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284200034

– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– IT Security Policy Implementation
– Target States
– The Implementation Process
– Awareness and Training
– Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management
– A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation
– Law Versus Policy
– IT Culture, Revisited
– Reference

**## Journal.docx**

How will the information you learned in this course be applied to your life and/or work to increase your future success? Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

Course Textbook(s) Johnson, R., & Easttom, C. (2022). Security policies and implementation issues (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284200034

**## UnitVIII.pdf**

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

1. Classify the vulnerabilities in the information technology (IT) security policy framework definition.
2. Assess an acceptable use policy implementation plan for an organization.
3. Outline a risk assessment policy defining a separation of duties to deter fraudulent actions within the

seven domains and policy definitions.
4. Analyze a security awareness training policy for new and existing employees at an organization.
5. Examine a computer incident response policy (CIRP).
6. Plan an organization-wide cybersecurity policy to ensure compliance within the seven domains of the

information technology (IT) infrastructure.

Required Unit Resources

Chapter 13: IT Security Policy Implementations

Chapter 14: IT Security Policy Enforcement

Unit Lesson

IT Security Policy Implementation

In the past few units, the information technology (IT) security culture has been discussed. If an organization is
just starting out and has new employees, it is easy to see the security culture mature. This is a result of the
new organization starting fresh with policies and procedures that everyone must learn and adhere to;
however, when the organization has been around for a long time during which employees come and go, the
security culture is more of a behavioral adaptation. The new employees just do what other employees do.
This unit lesson will look into implementing a security policy to affect an organizational culture that resists
changes.

Target States

A target state is a future state where the organization’s goals and objectives have been achieved utilizing the
necessary tools, processes, and resources (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). While it is possible to describe policy
goals and objectives in a variety of ways, one of the more effective is to think of them in terms of the following.

• Business risk explains how the policy decreases risk to an acceptable level.
• Compliance is how the policy safeguards compliance with laws and regulations.
• Threat vectors include how the policy will avoid, alleviate, or distinguish IT threats.

Whatever method is used, it is important to describe the target state in terms of necessary technology, tools,
and resources needed for implementation.

The Implementation Process

The ability to change an organization’s culture when implementing an IT security policy can be a tough sell to
the employees. To do so, the employees must first understand the business strategy of the company and a
means of collaborating among themselves in small steps when implementing security policies. Johnson and
Easttom (2022) state three common themes for defining the needs for security policies.

UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Information Technology Security
Policy Implementation and
Enforcement

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 2

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Personal accountability: Every employee must be accountable for his or her actions, and the security
policy is that steering mechanism for keeping employees compliant. Any break in this policy could
mean a loss of data, information, or assets. The most important issue to identify is the noncompliance
with the security policy.

• Directive and enforcement: How the policy is directed and enforced is up to management. This
means enforcement directives must be known to all employees within the organization. There should
be a zero-tolerance in failing to follow security policies.

• Valuable tool: By identifying and managing the risks by both management and employees, security
policies are an intricate tool in preventing further damage from security breaches.

Awareness and Training

Once the organization understands the need for security policies, management must provide a means of
security awareness throughout the organization (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). Security breaches happen
because employees are not educated in security awareness. Some of the reasons for security breaches
include

• zero training or poor training in security awareness,
• lack of motivation or lack of understanding of the policies,
• intentional acts or disgruntled employees,
• poor management and user decisions, and
• poorly written security policy.

To help eliminate these breaches, management must provide security awareness training so employees
understand there is a policy and the importance of the security policy and directives. In addition, employees
need security training by the experts so the employees will have the necessary skills to help prevent further
damage from security breaches (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Everyone should attend security awareness training. Those attending the training should include new
employees, contractors, individuals promoted into new positions, and vendors as define by the contract. At
minimum, refresher security awareness training should be conducted annually.

The ultimate goal of conducting security awareness is not to have employees repeat the things they have
heard but to achieve authentic learning that builds knowledge and skills that enable them to perform their
duties to protect assets and adhere to the policies. The measure of success in these trainings is how
effectively workers will be able to apply their lessons to their work life (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management

It does not matter how much effort is put into creating a policy and perfecting it if it is not going to be followed.
Therefore, a compliance program must also be created to ensure the value of the security policy is delivered.

Executive management helps guide the organization in the right direction to achieve a specific goal (Johnson
& Easttom, 2022). Since employees look to the executives for guidance, the executives must first set the
example and follow the same policies and rules as all the organization's other employees. The chief
information security officer (CISO) assists the executives in directing and enforcing the security awareness
program within the organization. By all means, the CISO works for the executives in that the CISO receives
additional guidance from the executives. It is important to note that there is a zero tolerance for not following
the security policies and that all violations of the security policies will be taken very seriously by the
executives.

A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation

The organization itself has a role in enforcing security policies. Within the hierarchical organization, there are
several committees that assist in the enforcement of security policies. These are known as gateway
committees, and their main job is to monitor the risks and enforce the policies for the organization. The roles
and responsibilities are varied. According to Johnson and Easttom (2022), these are some of the varied roles
and responsibilities.

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 3

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Project committees review the project concepts, designs, and testing phases within the project life
cycle. To reduce cost, the committee will identify risks early in the project and stop the project if it
notes noncompliance to policy.

• Architecture review committees encourage strict standards for technology and architecture in which
architectural models are used and embedded in the security design policy. The committee can stop a
project if it fails to meet the technical standards.

• External connection committees handle the monitoring of third-party connections to the organization
network. It ensures the security and reliability of the data transmitted in and out and enforces security
compliance of the policy. It ensures that all communications and encryption security policies have
been enforced. No connections are approved if they violate the security policy.

• Vendor governance committees have two roles, the business role for vendor relation oversight and
the technical role in ensuring the vendor complies with the vendor contractor policies.

• Security compliance committees have many roles, though the most important is to ensure there are
no violations of the policies that are put forth within the organization. This committee focuses on the
common controls entrenched in the different systems, applications, and operations in which users are
involved. They have an effect on the security pervasive control that must comply with the
organization's policies.

• Operational risk committees provide oversight and approve any risk tolerance that affects the
business of the organization.

Each of these committees has a line of sight into the organization relating to projects and initiatives. Although
they all view security from a different light, they are all ultimately responsible for enforcing policies.

Law Versus Policy

An organization must ensure that its policies are followed and stay informed on levels of compliance. Security
policies themselves are not laws but rather an interpretation of the law and its requirements. A law is a rule
prescribed under the authority of a government entity, whereas a regulation is a stricture that is developed
from a law under the authority of an agency (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

IT Culture, Revisited

Each organization has a unique IT security culture. Senior management along with IT professionals must
ensure that policies, documentation, security awareness, and procedures are updated and enforced. The
CISO must work in tandem with the CIO or CEO to help move the organization to a feasible security culture
that will not interrupt the organization's daily business.

Reference

Johnson, R., & Easttom, C. (2022). Security policies and implementation issues (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett

Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284200034

– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– IT Security Policy Implementation
– Target States
– The Implementation Process
– Awareness and Training
– Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management
– A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation
– Law Versus Policy
– IT Culture, Revisited
– Reference

**## Journal.docx**

How will the information you learned in this course be applied to your life and/or work to increase your future success? Your journal entry must be at least 200 words in length. No references or citations are necessary.

Course Textbook(s) Johnson, R., & Easttom, C. (2022). Security policies and implementation issues (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284200034

**## UnitVIII.pdf**

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII

Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

1. Classify the vulnerabilities in the information technology (IT) security policy framework definition.
2. Assess an acceptable use policy implementation plan for an organization.
3. Outline a risk assessment policy defining a separation of duties to deter fraudulent actions within the

seven domains and policy definitions.
4. Analyze a security awareness training policy for new and existing employees at an organization.
5. Examine a computer incident response policy (CIRP).
6. Plan an organization-wide cybersecurity policy to ensure compliance within the seven domains of the

information technology (IT) infrastructure.

Required Unit Resources

Chapter 13: IT Security Policy Implementations

Chapter 14: IT Security Policy Enforcement

Unit Lesson

IT Security Policy Implementation

In the past few units, the information technology (IT) security culture has been discussed. If an organization is
just starting out and has new employees, it is easy to see the security culture mature. This is a result of the
new organization starting fresh with policies and procedures that everyone must learn and adhere to;
however, when the organization has been around for a long time during which employees come and go, the
security culture is more of a behavioral adaptation. The new employees just do what other employees do.
This unit lesson will look into implementing a security policy to affect an organizational culture that resists
changes.

Target States

A target state is a future state where the organization’s goals and objectives have been achieved utilizing the
necessary tools, processes, and resources (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). While it is possible to describe policy
goals and objectives in a variety of ways, one of the more effective is to think of them in terms of the following.

• Business risk explains how the policy decreases risk to an acceptable level.
• Compliance is how the policy safeguards compliance with laws and regulations.
• Threat vectors include how the policy will avoid, alleviate, or distinguish IT threats.

Whatever method is used, it is important to describe the target state in terms of necessary technology, tools,
and resources needed for implementation.

The Implementation Process

The ability to change an organization’s culture when implementing an IT security policy can be a tough sell to
the employees. To do so, the employees must first understand the business strategy of the company and a
means of collaborating among themselves in small steps when implementing security policies. Johnson and
Easttom (2022) state three common themes for defining the needs for security policies.

UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Information Technology Security
Policy Implementation and
Enforcement

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 2

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Personal accountability: Every employee must be accountable for his or her actions, and the security
policy is that steering mechanism for keeping employees compliant. Any break in this policy could
mean a loss of data, information, or assets. The most important issue to identify is the noncompliance
with the security policy.

• Directive and enforcement: How the policy is directed and enforced is up to management. This
means enforcement directives must be known to all employees within the organization. There should
be a zero-tolerance in failing to follow security policies.

• Valuable tool: By identifying and managing the risks by both management and employees, security
policies are an intricate tool in preventing further damage from security breaches.

Awareness and Training

Once the organization understands the need for security policies, management must provide a means of
security awareness throughout the organization (Johnson & Easttom, 2022). Security breaches happen
because employees are not educated in security awareness. Some of the reasons for security breaches
include

• zero training or poor training in security awareness,
• lack of motivation or lack of understanding of the policies,
• intentional acts or disgruntled employees,
• poor management and user decisions, and
• poorly written security policy.

To help eliminate these breaches, management must provide security awareness training so employees
understand there is a policy and the importance of the security policy and directives. In addition, employees
need security training by the experts so the employees will have the necessary skills to help prevent further
damage from security breaches (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Everyone should attend security awareness training. Those attending the training should include new
employees, contractors, individuals promoted into new positions, and vendors as define by the contract. At
minimum, refresher security awareness training should be conducted annually.

The ultimate goal of conducting security awareness is not to have employees repeat the things they have
heard but to achieve authentic learning that builds knowledge and skills that enable them to perform their
duties to protect assets and adhere to the policies. The measure of success in these trainings is how
effectively workers will be able to apply their lessons to their work life (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management

It does not matter how much effort is put into creating a policy and perfecting it if it is not going to be followed.
Therefore, a compliance program must also be created to ensure the value of the security policy is delivered.

Executive management helps guide the organization in the right direction to achieve a specific goal (Johnson
& Easttom, 2022). Since employees look to the executives for guidance, the executives must first set the
example and follow the same policies and rules as all the organization's other employees. The chief
information security officer (CISO) assists the executives in directing and enforcing the security awareness
program within the organization. By all means, the CISO works for the executives in that the CISO receives
additional guidance from the executives. It is important to note that there is a zero tolerance for not following
the security policies and that all violations of the security policies will be taken very seriously by the
executives.

A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation

The organization itself has a role in enforcing security policies. Within the hierarchical organization, there are
several committees that assist in the enforcement of security policies. These are known as gateway
committees, and their main job is to monitor the risks and enforce the policies for the organization. The roles
and responsibilities are varied. According to Johnson and Easttom (2022), these are some of the varied roles
and responsibilities.

CYB 4304, Cybersecurity Law and Policy 3

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

• Project committees review the project concepts, designs, and testing phases within the project life
cycle. To reduce cost, the committee will identify risks early in the project and stop the project if it
notes noncompliance to policy.

• Architecture review committees encourage strict standards for technology and architecture in which
architectural models are used and embedded in the security design policy. The committee can stop a
project if it fails to meet the technical standards.

• External connection committees handle the monitoring of third-party connections to the organization
network. It ensures the security and reliability of the data transmitted in and out and enforces security
compliance of the policy. It ensures that all communications and encryption security policies have
been enforced. No connections are approved if they violate the security policy.

• Vendor governance committees have two roles, the business role for vendor relation oversight and
the technical role in ensuring the vendor complies with the vendor contractor policies.

• Security compliance committees have many roles, though the most important is to ensure there are
no violations of the policies that are put forth within the organization. This committee focuses on the
common controls entrenched in the different systems, applications, and operations in which users are
involved. They have an effect on the security pervasive control that must comply with the
organization's policies.

• Operational risk committees provide oversight and approve any risk tolerance that affects the
business of the organization.

Each of these committees has a line of sight into the organization relating to projects and initiatives. Although
they all view security from a different light, they are all ultimately responsible for enforcing policies.

Law Versus Policy

An organization must ensure that its policies are followed and stay informed on levels of compliance. Security
policies themselves are not laws but rather an interpretation of the law and its requirements. A law is a rule
prescribed under the authority of a government entity, whereas a regulation is a stricture that is developed
from a law under the authority of an agency (Johnson & Easttom, 2022).

IT Culture, Revisited

Each organization has a unique IT security culture. Senior management along with IT professionals must
ensure that policies, documentation, security awareness, and procedures are updated and enforced. The
CISO must work in tandem with the CIO or CEO to help move the organization to a feasible security culture
that will not interrupt the organization's daily business.

Reference

Johnson, R., & Easttom, C. (2022). Security policies and implementation issues (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett

Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781284200034

– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– IT Security Policy Implementation
– Target States
– The Implementation Process
– Awareness and Training
– Enforcement and the Role of Executive Management
– A Hierarchical Approach to Security Policy Implementation
– Law Versus Policy
– IT Culture, Revisited
– Reference