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See attached
– 2 years ago
**files (2)**
– ## UnitVII.docx
– ## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf
**## UnitVII.docx**
Unit VI addressed the importance of whistleblowing, as well as forms of discrimination in the workplace.
The Unit VII Lesson presented several areas of concern related to globalization, including:
· climate change and global environmental issues,
· differing global labor standards,
· working in countries with known human rights issues, and
· respecting cultural diversity and host country values, norms, and customs.
For this final assignment, you will write a scholarly paper in which you examine how and why these areas of concern (from both Unit VI and VII) should be handled or addressed through the application of ethical principles and corporate social responsibility. You will present a distinct example to illustrate each of the six areas of concern.
Begin by conducting your own research into the six areas of concern listed above. You may use the Columbia Southern University (CSU) Online Library and/or internet resources to collect information and content. At least one source must be from the CSU Online Library. Ensure your resources are peer-reviewed, academic in nature, or from professional sources. Blogs and wikis are not acceptable research sources. Consider the following keywords to begin your search:
· international child labor
· globalization and human rights
· international working standards and conditions
· global environmental issues; climate change
· global outsourcing
· globalization and cultural diversity
As you research each of the six issues, locate and identify specific cases in the literature of real businesses or companies that have faced these issues in their global business. Find at least one example that includes whistleblowing and explain why it was important in that example. Your examples can be cases in which they did – or did not – deal with the issue in an effective and ethical manner.
You will then write a scholarly paper that presents your findings and demonstrates your synthesis of the business ethics corporate social responsibility concepts covered in this course. You must address the following points in your paper.
· Begin with an introduction that clearly presents the thesis and roadmap of your paper. Why are these issues a concern for globalizing businesses?
· Examine each of the six issues identified above.
· Summarize each issue and explain how it can affect global business interactions and/or performance. Consider the impacts not only on the business, but also on the host country and their workers.
· Illustrate each issue by presenting at least one real-life example of a company that has faced that particular issue. Your discussion should reveal insightful analysis of your research while integrating critical and logical details from your sources.
· Critique how the issue was handled. What was done well? What could have been done differently in a more ethical and responsible approach? What was lost or gained in the example?
· Conclude your paper with a summary that answers the following questions:
· What is the importance of understanding these issues when a business decides to go global?
· How do ethical business practices and corporate social responsibility impact more than a company’s bottom line?
Your paper must be a minimum of six pages in length. The title and reference pages do not count toward this requirement.
You must utilize at least one distinct external resource in your analysis of each of the six issues, for a minimum of six resources. Adhere to APA Style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations, introduction, and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed.
**## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Assess ethical behavior to current high-profile events.
2.1 Explain the failure of ethical leadership in a business organization.
2.2 Discuss corporate culture and/or governance of a company.
3. Consider businesses’ ethical obligations to the environment.
3.1 Explain a business’ ethical obligation to an environment issue.
4. Evaluate current ethical issues in business.
4.2 Explain the importance of whistleblowing in the workplace and why it needs protecting.
4.3 Discuss two forms of discrimination in the workplace.
6. Evaluate global ethical issues in business.
6.1 Assess one topic in global business ethics.
6.2 Determine a solution for an issue in global ethics.
7. Critique the ethical approaches used in contemporary business marketing techniques.
7.2 Explain an ethical business practice and its impact on a company’s bottom line.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 12: International Business and Globalization
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
Chan, J., Pun, N., & Selden, M. (2013). The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s new
working class. Business Source Ultimate, 28(2), 100–115.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Berkey, B. (2021). Sweatshops, structural injustice, and the wrong of exploitation: Why multinational
corporations have positive duties to the global poor. Business Source Ultimate 169(1), 43–56.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
There will be a short discussion on the history of globalization in this lesson and how it relates to business
ethics. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Finally, some of the most
pressing contemporary issues facing business ethics in the global arena today will be identified.
The beginning of globalization can be traced back to the old silk road which flourished between 130 BC until
1453 AD. It is during this time the early beginnings of globalization can be traced from East to West (Sarwar,
2017). Some may wonder why a discussion about the old silk road is important today. There are many ways
the world has changed since that time. Technological innovations and advances, increasing digitalization, and
the rate of modern globalization progressively continues to move at a faster rate.
UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE
Pressing Global Business, Issues,
and Its Ethical Implications
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
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[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
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PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The Silk Road was a series of trade routes beginning in China to Persia, to Central Asia, and finally to
Europe. The silk road was recognized as an economic corridor and a place to purchase spices and silk. The
old silk road is an appropriate place to begin this lesson since its origin lies in the ancient Chinese city of Xi’an
located in North-Central China (Britannica, 2021). Today, China has increasingly become one of the most
dominating world economic powers which is expected to overtake the U.S. as an economic powerhouse by
the year 2028 (BBC News, 2020). The prediction is China will replace the United States as the leading
economic power soon (BBC News, 2020). The world may in fact be witnessing the renaissance of the old Silk
Road.
Although the author of the textbook raises a question about the definition of globalization, this term should be
explained more thoroughly. According to Melina Kolb, assistant vice president for digital communications at
the Peterson Institute for International Economics, globalization can be thought of as the increasing
interrelationships and interdependence of peoples, cultures, and economies. The result is transnational trades
of capital investments and assets, services, goods, technologies, and information services across the world
(Kolb, 2021).
Since the beginning of the old Silk Road, countries have built interrelationships regarding trade and other
areas with each other over the course of many centuries. However, the contemporary use of the term,
globalization, came into prominence as a result of the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the eventual collapse
of the former Soviet Union (Vanham, 2019). It was about 1995 that the newly created World Trade
Organization (WTO) advocated for all nations to enter into free trade agreements, including China, which was
formerly known to be somewhat isolated, having at that time an agrarian economy, though had also just
begun engaging in manufacturing and exporting around the world (Vanham, 2019). As a result of free trade
agreements along with several additional factors, globalization has since been increasing at a dizzying speed
of pace. Today, globalization has entered both the digital economy and the cyber world as well (Vanham,
2019).
Although there are many benefits of globalization and the new ways businesses engage in commerce and
trade, there are also disadvantages associated with globalization.
First, let us examine some benefits of globalization and its relationship to commerce and business. It should
be mentioned that more generally, globalization has benefited many people around the world, putting them
essentially into the global middle class (Vanham, 2019). Yet, there are also an additional number of benefits
associated with globalization, some of which include:
• The rise of trans-border investments,
• increased cooperation amongst countries, and
• economic growth, including access to resources, jobs, and labor around the world (Stobierski, 2021).
As intended or unintended consequences, some benefits as described above also aim at the ethical well-
being of human beings. For example, think of how people in some foreign countries have benefited from
higher wages which led to a higher standard of living which may include better access to healthcare and
additional benefits.
Now that there has been some idea of the benefits of globalization, there should also be a discussion of the
disadvantages as well. One of the greatest disadvantages of increasing globalization is climate change as a
result of ever rising greenhouse gas emissions, the cutting down of forests, and the increase of pollution as a
further result of the rising populations around the world (Stobierski, 2021). Of course, just the aforementioned
could be cause for alarm regarding the moral implications of global warming, though there are also additional
disadvantages as well that should be mentioned. Some of these disadvantages include:
• Disproportionate growth within and among nations.
• An increase in competition amongst and between organizations and workers around the world
(Stobierski, 2021).
For example, think of companies that outsource employment to a foreign country as a result of workers willing
to be paid lower salaries or wages.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
One emerging area of concern falls under the domain of labor standards across the globe. This includes the
rise of sweatshops in developing countries. Arguments have been made regarding obligations of fairness as a
result of some companies offering lower pay and/or poor working conditions than the host countries that are
hiring the workers. Also, safety protocols are an issue, since there is a difference in safety standards across
different countries (Ast, 2018).
Another area of concern falls under the domain of human rights. Some companies confront the issue of
operating in countries that have been accused of human rights violations. This issue comes up frequently in
the news today. Not long ago, it has been alleged that Google agreed to the Chinese government’s request to
censor key words from its search engine such as Dalai Lama or Tiananmen Square and other related persons
and/or forces hostile to the Chinese government (Ast, 2018).
Another area of contention falls under the domain of cultural diversity. International law contains language
that states corporations should respect the values, cultures, social norms, and customs of host countries they
operate in.
One last area of concern that should be mentioned is the corruption that occurs in many places across the
world with regard to global business interactions. This occurs in many ways, levels, and formats. For
example, corruption may occur through the use of bribes ranging from a few dollars to bribe a low-level
government official to million-dollar bribes to high-ranking government officials. Part of the problem with
respect to this type of corruption is that bribery is, in some cases, not considered morally wrong in some
foreign countries. In fact, bribery may be viewed as the norm for business practices in some countries (Ast,
2018).
References
Ast, F. (2018). The moral dilemmas of global business. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/60620
Britannica. (2021, June 14). Xi'an. https://www.britannica.com/place/Xian-China
BBC News. (2020). Chinese economy to overtake the U.S. by ‘2028’ due to Covid.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55454146
Freepik. (n.d.). Hand drawn business ethics (Illustration). https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/hand-drawn-
business-
ethics_11189389.htm#query=business%20philosophy&position=12&from_view=search&track=ais
Kolb, M. (2021, August 24). What is globalization? Peterson Institute of International Economics.
https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization#Intro-AhF37Q07lb
Sarwar, L. (2017). The old silk road and the new silk road: An analysis of the changed discourse. The Journal
of Central Asian Studies, 24(1), 13-22I. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/old-silk-road-
new-analysis-changed-discourse/docview/2240072666/se-2?accountid=14375
Stobierski, T. (2021, April 1). 6 pros and cons of globalization in business to consider. Harvard Business
School Online. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/pros-and-cons-of-globalization
Vanham, P. (2019, Jan 17). A brief history of globalization. World Economic Forum.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/01/how-globalization-4-0-fits-into-the-history-of-globalization/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
The following article discusses and re-evaluates the moral authority of global ethical norms, so they are not
merely a reflection of the prevailing hegemonic ideologies and values of Western economic power.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Michaelson, C. (2010). Revisiting the global business ethics question. Business Source Ultimate 20(2), 237–
251.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources
**## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Assess ethical behavior to current high-profile events.
2.1 Explain the failure of ethical leadership in a business organization.
2.2 Discuss corporate culture and/or governance of a company.
3. Consider businesses’ ethical obligations to the environment.
3.1 Explain a business’ ethical obligation to an environment issue.
4. Evaluate current ethical issues in business.
4.2 Explain the importance of whistleblowing in the workplace and why it needs protecting.
4.3 Discuss two forms of discrimination in the workplace.
6. Evaluate global ethical issues in business.
6.1 Assess one topic in global business ethics.
6.2 Determine a solution for an issue in global ethics.
7. Critique the ethical approaches used in contemporary business marketing techniques.
7.2 Explain an ethical business practice and its impact on a company’s bottom line.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 12: International Business and Globalization
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
Chan, J., Pun, N., & Selden, M. (2013). The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s new
working class. Business Source Ultimate, 28(2), 100–115.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Berkey, B. (2021). Sweatshops, structural injustice, and the wrong of exploitation: Why multinational
corporations have positive duties to the global poor. Business Source Ultimate 169(1), 43–56.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
There will be a short discussion on the history of globalization in this lesson and how it relates to business
ethics. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Finally, some of the most
pressing contemporary issues facing business ethics in the global arena today will be identified.
The beginning of globalization can be traced back to the old silk road which flourished between 130 BC until
1453 AD. It is during this time the early beginnings of globalization can be traced from East to West (Sarwar,
2017). Some may wonder why a discussion about the old silk road is important today. There are many ways
the world has changed since that time. Technological innovations and advances, increasing digitalization, and
the rate of modern globalization progressively continues to move at a faster rate.
UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE
Pressing Global Business, Issues,
and Its Ethical Implications
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
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PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The Silk Road was a series of trade routes beginning in China to Persia, to Central Asia, and finally to
Europe. The silk road was recognized as an economic corridor and a place to purchase spices and silk. The
old silk road is an appropriate place to begin this lesson since its origin lies in the ancient Chinese city of Xi’an
located in North-Central China (Britannica, 2021). Today, China has increasingly become one of the most
dominating world economic powers which is expected to overtake the U.S. as an economic powerhouse by
the year 2028 (BBC News, 2020). The prediction is China will replace the United States as the leading
economic power soon (BBC News, 2020). The world may in fact be witnessing the renaissance of the old Silk
Road.
Although the author of the textbook raises a question about the definition of globalization, this term should be
explained more thoroughly. According to Melina Kolb, assistant vice president for digital communications at
the Peterson Institute for International Economics, globalization can be thought of as the increasing
interrelationships and interdependence of peoples, cultures, and economies. The result is transnational trades
of capital investments and assets, services, goods, technologies, and information services across the world
(Kolb, 2021).
Since the beginning of the old Silk Road, countries have built interrelationships regarding trade and other
areas with each other over the course of many centuries. However, the contemporary use of the term,
globalization, came into prominence as a result of the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the eventual collapse
of the former Soviet Union (Vanham, 2019). It was about 1995 that the newly created World Trade
Organization (WTO) advocated for all nations to enter into free trade agreements, including China, which was
formerly known to be somewhat isolated, having at that time an agrarian economy, though had also just
begun engaging in manufacturing and exporting around the world (Vanham, 2019). As a result of free trade
agreements along with several additional factors, globalization has since been increasing at a dizzying speed
of pace. Today, globalization has entered both the digital economy and the cyber world as well (Vanham,
2019).
Although there are many benefits of globalization and the new ways businesses engage in commerce and
trade, there are also disadvantages associated with globalization.
First, let us examine some benefits of globalization and its relationship to commerce and business. It should
be mentioned that more generally, globalization has benefited many people around the world, putting them
essentially into the global middle class (Vanham, 2019). Yet, there are also an additional number of benefits
associated with globalization, some of which include:
• The rise of trans-border investments,
• increased cooperation amongst countries, and
• economic growth, including access to resources, jobs, and labor around the world (Stobierski, 2021).
As intended or unintended consequences, some benefits as described above also aim at the ethical well-
being of human beings. For example, think of how people in some foreign countries have benefited from
higher wages which led to a higher standard of living which may include better access to healthcare and
additional benefits.
Now that there has been some idea of the benefits of globalization, there should also be a discussion of the
disadvantages as well. One of the greatest disadvantages of increasing globalization is climate change as a
result of ever rising greenhouse gas emissions, the cutting down of forests, and the increase of pollution as a
further result of the rising populations around the world (Stobierski, 2021). Of course, just the aforementioned
could be cause for alarm regarding the moral implications of global warming, though there are also additional
disadvantages as well that should be mentioned. Some of these disadvantages include:
• Disproportionate growth within and among nations.
• An increase in competition amongst and between organizations and workers around the world
(Stobierski, 2021).
For example, think of companies that outsource employment to a foreign country as a result of workers willing
to be paid lower salaries or wages.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
One emerging area of concern falls under the domain of labor standards across the globe. This includes the
rise of sweatshops in developing countries. Arguments have been made regarding obligations of fairness as a
result of some companies offering lower pay and/or poor working conditions than the host countries that are
hiring the workers. Also, safety protocols are an issue, since there is a difference in safety standards across
different countries (Ast, 2018).
Another area of concern falls under the domain of human rights. Some companies confront the issue of
operating in countries that have been accused of human rights violations. This issue comes up frequently in
the news today. Not long ago, it has been alleged that Google agreed to the Chinese government’s request to
censor key words from its search engine such as Dalai Lama or Tiananmen Square and other related persons
and/or forces hostile to the Chinese government (Ast, 2018).
Another area of contention falls under the domain of cultural diversity. International law contains language
that states corporations should respect the values, cultures, social norms, and customs of host countries they
operate in.
One last area of concern that should be mentioned is the corruption that occurs in many places across the
world with regard to global business interactions. This occurs in many ways, levels, and formats. For
example, corruption may occur through the use of bribes ranging from a few dollars to bribe a low-level
government official to million-dollar bribes to high-ranking government officials. Part of the problem with
respect to this type of corruption is that bribery is, in some cases, not considered morally wrong in some
foreign countries. In fact, bribery may be viewed as the norm for business practices in some countries (Ast,
2018).
References
Ast, F. (2018). The moral dilemmas of global business. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/60620
Britannica. (2021, June 14). Xi'an. https://www.britannica.com/place/Xian-China
BBC News. (2020). Chinese economy to overtake the U.S. by ‘2028’ due to Covid.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55454146
Freepik. (n.d.). Hand drawn business ethics (Illustration). https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/hand-drawn-
business-
ethics_11189389.htm#query=business%20philosophy&position=12&from_view=search&track=ais
Kolb, M. (2021, August 24). What is globalization? Peterson Institute of International Economics.
https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization#Intro-AhF37Q07lb
Sarwar, L. (2017). The old silk road and the new silk road: An analysis of the changed discourse. The Journal
of Central Asian Studies, 24(1), 13-22I. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/old-silk-road-
new-analysis-changed-discourse/docview/2240072666/se-2?accountid=14375
Stobierski, T. (2021, April 1). 6 pros and cons of globalization in business to consider. Harvard Business
School Online. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/pros-and-cons-of-globalization
Vanham, P. (2019, Jan 17). A brief history of globalization. World Economic Forum.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/01/how-globalization-4-0-fits-into-the-history-of-globalization/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
The following article discusses and re-evaluates the moral authority of global ethical norms, so they are not
merely a reflection of the prevailing hegemonic ideologies and values of Western economic power.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Michaelson, C. (2010). Revisiting the global business ethics question. Business Source Ultimate 20(2), 237–
251.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources
**## UnitVII.docx**
Unit VI addressed the importance of whistleblowing, as well as forms of discrimination in the workplace.
The Unit VII Lesson presented several areas of concern related to globalization, including:
· climate change and global environmental issues,
· differing global labor standards,
· working in countries with known human rights issues, and
· respecting cultural diversity and host country values, norms, and customs.
For this final assignment, you will write a scholarly paper in which you examine how and why these areas of concern (from both Unit VI and VII) should be handled or addressed through the application of ethical principles and corporate social responsibility. You will present a distinct example to illustrate each of the six areas of concern.
Begin by conducting your own research into the six areas of concern listed above. You may use the Columbia Southern University (CSU) Online Library and/or internet resources to collect information and content. At least one source must be from the CSU Online Library. Ensure your resources are peer-reviewed, academic in nature, or from professional sources. Blogs and wikis are not acceptable research sources. Consider the following keywords to begin your search:
· international child labor
· globalization and human rights
· international working standards and conditions
· global environmental issues; climate change
· global outsourcing
· globalization and cultural diversity
As you research each of the six issues, locate and identify specific cases in the literature of real businesses or companies that have faced these issues in their global business. Find at least one example that includes whistleblowing and explain why it was important in that example. Your examples can be cases in which they did – or did not – deal with the issue in an effective and ethical manner.
You will then write a scholarly paper that presents your findings and demonstrates your synthesis of the business ethics corporate social responsibility concepts covered in this course. You must address the following points in your paper.
· Begin with an introduction that clearly presents the thesis and roadmap of your paper. Why are these issues a concern for globalizing businesses?
· Examine each of the six issues identified above.
· Summarize each issue and explain how it can affect global business interactions and/or performance. Consider the impacts not only on the business, but also on the host country and their workers.
· Illustrate each issue by presenting at least one real-life example of a company that has faced that particular issue. Your discussion should reveal insightful analysis of your research while integrating critical and logical details from your sources.
· Critique how the issue was handled. What was done well? What could have been done differently in a more ethical and responsible approach? What was lost or gained in the example?
· Conclude your paper with a summary that answers the following questions:
· What is the importance of understanding these issues when a business decides to go global?
· How do ethical business practices and corporate social responsibility impact more than a company’s bottom line?
Your paper must be a minimum of six pages in length. The title and reference pages do not count toward this requirement.
You must utilize at least one distinct external resource in your analysis of each of the six issues, for a minimum of six resources. Adhere to APA Style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations, introduction, and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed.
**## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Assess ethical behavior to current high-profile events.
2.1 Explain the failure of ethical leadership in a business organization.
2.2 Discuss corporate culture and/or governance of a company.
3. Consider businesses’ ethical obligations to the environment.
3.1 Explain a business’ ethical obligation to an environment issue.
4. Evaluate current ethical issues in business.
4.2 Explain the importance of whistleblowing in the workplace and why it needs protecting.
4.3 Discuss two forms of discrimination in the workplace.
6. Evaluate global ethical issues in business.
6.1 Assess one topic in global business ethics.
6.2 Determine a solution for an issue in global ethics.
7. Critique the ethical approaches used in contemporary business marketing techniques.
7.2 Explain an ethical business practice and its impact on a company’s bottom line.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 12: International Business and Globalization
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
Chan, J., Pun, N., & Selden, M. (2013). The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s new
working class. Business Source Ultimate, 28(2), 100–115.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Berkey, B. (2021). Sweatshops, structural injustice, and the wrong of exploitation: Why multinational
corporations have positive duties to the global poor. Business Source Ultimate 169(1), 43–56.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
There will be a short discussion on the history of globalization in this lesson and how it relates to business
ethics. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Finally, some of the most
pressing contemporary issues facing business ethics in the global arena today will be identified.
The beginning of globalization can be traced back to the old silk road which flourished between 130 BC until
1453 AD. It is during this time the early beginnings of globalization can be traced from East to West (Sarwar,
2017). Some may wonder why a discussion about the old silk road is important today. There are many ways
the world has changed since that time. Technological innovations and advances, increasing digitalization, and
the rate of modern globalization progressively continues to move at a faster rate.
UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE
Pressing Global Business, Issues,
and Its Ethical Implications
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
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PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The Silk Road was a series of trade routes beginning in China to Persia, to Central Asia, and finally to
Europe. The silk road was recognized as an economic corridor and a place to purchase spices and silk. The
old silk road is an appropriate place to begin this lesson since its origin lies in the ancient Chinese city of Xi’an
located in North-Central China (Britannica, 2021). Today, China has increasingly become one of the most
dominating world economic powers which is expected to overtake the U.S. as an economic powerhouse by
the year 2028 (BBC News, 2020). The prediction is China will replace the United States as the leading
economic power soon (BBC News, 2020). The world may in fact be witnessing the renaissance of the old Silk
Road.
Although the author of the textbook raises a question about the definition of globalization, this term should be
explained more thoroughly. According to Melina Kolb, assistant vice president for digital communications at
the Peterson Institute for International Economics, globalization can be thought of as the increasing
interrelationships and interdependence of peoples, cultures, and economies. The result is transnational trades
of capital investments and assets, services, goods, technologies, and information services across the world
(Kolb, 2021).
Since the beginning of the old Silk Road, countries have built interrelationships regarding trade and other
areas with each other over the course of many centuries. However, the contemporary use of the term,
globalization, came into prominence as a result of the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the eventual collapse
of the former Soviet Union (Vanham, 2019). It was about 1995 that the newly created World Trade
Organization (WTO) advocated for all nations to enter into free trade agreements, including China, which was
formerly known to be somewhat isolated, having at that time an agrarian economy, though had also just
begun engaging in manufacturing and exporting around the world (Vanham, 2019). As a result of free trade
agreements along with several additional factors, globalization has since been increasing at a dizzying speed
of pace. Today, globalization has entered both the digital economy and the cyber world as well (Vanham,
2019).
Although there are many benefits of globalization and the new ways businesses engage in commerce and
trade, there are also disadvantages associated with globalization.
First, let us examine some benefits of globalization and its relationship to commerce and business. It should
be mentioned that more generally, globalization has benefited many people around the world, putting them
essentially into the global middle class (Vanham, 2019). Yet, there are also an additional number of benefits
associated with globalization, some of which include:
• The rise of trans-border investments,
• increased cooperation amongst countries, and
• economic growth, including access to resources, jobs, and labor around the world (Stobierski, 2021).
As intended or unintended consequences, some benefits as described above also aim at the ethical well-
being of human beings. For example, think of how people in some foreign countries have benefited from
higher wages which led to a higher standard of living which may include better access to healthcare and
additional benefits.
Now that there has been some idea of the benefits of globalization, there should also be a discussion of the
disadvantages as well. One of the greatest disadvantages of increasing globalization is climate change as a
result of ever rising greenhouse gas emissions, the cutting down of forests, and the increase of pollution as a
further result of the rising populations around the world (Stobierski, 2021). Of course, just the aforementioned
could be cause for alarm regarding the moral implications of global warming, though there are also additional
disadvantages as well that should be mentioned. Some of these disadvantages include:
• Disproportionate growth within and among nations.
• An increase in competition amongst and between organizations and workers around the world
(Stobierski, 2021).
For example, think of companies that outsource employment to a foreign country as a result of workers willing
to be paid lower salaries or wages.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
One emerging area of concern falls under the domain of labor standards across the globe. This includes the
rise of sweatshops in developing countries. Arguments have been made regarding obligations of fairness as a
result of some companies offering lower pay and/or poor working conditions than the host countries that are
hiring the workers. Also, safety protocols are an issue, since there is a difference in safety standards across
different countries (Ast, 2018).
Another area of concern falls under the domain of human rights. Some companies confront the issue of
operating in countries that have been accused of human rights violations. This issue comes up frequently in
the news today. Not long ago, it has been alleged that Google agreed to the Chinese government’s request to
censor key words from its search engine such as Dalai Lama or Tiananmen Square and other related persons
and/or forces hostile to the Chinese government (Ast, 2018).
Another area of contention falls under the domain of cultural diversity. International law contains language
that states corporations should respect the values, cultures, social norms, and customs of host countries they
operate in.
One last area of concern that should be mentioned is the corruption that occurs in many places across the
world with regard to global business interactions. This occurs in many ways, levels, and formats. For
example, corruption may occur through the use of bribes ranging from a few dollars to bribe a low-level
government official to million-dollar bribes to high-ranking government officials. Part of the problem with
respect to this type of corruption is that bribery is, in some cases, not considered morally wrong in some
foreign countries. In fact, bribery may be viewed as the norm for business practices in some countries (Ast,
2018).
References
Ast, F. (2018). The moral dilemmas of global business. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/60620
Britannica. (2021, June 14). Xi'an. https://www.britannica.com/place/Xian-China
BBC News. (2020). Chinese economy to overtake the U.S. by ‘2028’ due to Covid.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55454146
Freepik. (n.d.). Hand drawn business ethics (Illustration). https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/hand-drawn-
business-
ethics_11189389.htm#query=business%20philosophy&position=12&from_view=search&track=ais
Kolb, M. (2021, August 24). What is globalization? Peterson Institute of International Economics.
https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization#Intro-AhF37Q07lb
Sarwar, L. (2017). The old silk road and the new silk road: An analysis of the changed discourse. The Journal
of Central Asian Studies, 24(1), 13-22I. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/old-silk-road-
new-analysis-changed-discourse/docview/2240072666/se-2?accountid=14375
Stobierski, T. (2021, April 1). 6 pros and cons of globalization in business to consider. Harvard Business
School Online. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/pros-and-cons-of-globalization
Vanham, P. (2019, Jan 17). A brief history of globalization. World Economic Forum.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/01/how-globalization-4-0-fits-into-the-history-of-globalization/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
The following article discusses and re-evaluates the moral authority of global ethical norms, so they are not
merely a reflection of the prevailing hegemonic ideologies and values of Western economic power.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Michaelson, C. (2010). Revisiting the global business ethics question. Business Source Ultimate 20(2), 237–
251.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources
**## UnitVII.docx**
Unit VI addressed the importance of whistleblowing, as well as forms of discrimination in the workplace.
The Unit VII Lesson presented several areas of concern related to globalization, including:
· climate change and global environmental issues,
· differing global labor standards,
· working in countries with known human rights issues, and
· respecting cultural diversity and host country values, norms, and customs.
For this final assignment, you will write a scholarly paper in which you examine how and why these areas of concern (from both Unit VI and VII) should be handled or addressed through the application of ethical principles and corporate social responsibility. You will present a distinct example to illustrate each of the six areas of concern.
Begin by conducting your own research into the six areas of concern listed above. You may use the Columbia Southern University (CSU) Online Library and/or internet resources to collect information and content. At least one source must be from the CSU Online Library. Ensure your resources are peer-reviewed, academic in nature, or from professional sources. Blogs and wikis are not acceptable research sources. Consider the following keywords to begin your search:
· international child labor
· globalization and human rights
· international working standards and conditions
· global environmental issues; climate change
· global outsourcing
· globalization and cultural diversity
As you research each of the six issues, locate and identify specific cases in the literature of real businesses or companies that have faced these issues in their global business. Find at least one example that includes whistleblowing and explain why it was important in that example. Your examples can be cases in which they did – or did not – deal with the issue in an effective and ethical manner.
You will then write a scholarly paper that presents your findings and demonstrates your synthesis of the business ethics corporate social responsibility concepts covered in this course. You must address the following points in your paper.
· Begin with an introduction that clearly presents the thesis and roadmap of your paper. Why are these issues a concern for globalizing businesses?
· Examine each of the six issues identified above.
· Summarize each issue and explain how it can affect global business interactions and/or performance. Consider the impacts not only on the business, but also on the host country and their workers.
· Illustrate each issue by presenting at least one real-life example of a company that has faced that particular issue. Your discussion should reveal insightful analysis of your research while integrating critical and logical details from your sources.
· Critique how the issue was handled. What was done well? What could have been done differently in a more ethical and responsible approach? What was lost or gained in the example?
· Conclude your paper with a summary that answers the following questions:
· What is the importance of understanding these issues when a business decides to go global?
· How do ethical business practices and corporate social responsibility impact more than a company’s bottom line?
Your paper must be a minimum of six pages in length. The title and reference pages do not count toward this requirement.
You must utilize at least one distinct external resource in your analysis of each of the six issues, for a minimum of six resources. Adhere to APA Style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations, introduction, and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed.
**## UnitVIIStudyGuide.pdf**
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Assess ethical behavior to current high-profile events.
2.1 Explain the failure of ethical leadership in a business organization.
2.2 Discuss corporate culture and/or governance of a company.
3. Consider businesses’ ethical obligations to the environment.
3.1 Explain a business’ ethical obligation to an environment issue.
4. Evaluate current ethical issues in business.
4.2 Explain the importance of whistleblowing in the workplace and why it needs protecting.
4.3 Discuss two forms of discrimination in the workplace.
6. Evaluate global ethical issues in business.
6.1 Assess one topic in global business ethics.
6.2 Determine a solution for an issue in global ethics.
7. Critique the ethical approaches used in contemporary business marketing techniques.
7.2 Explain an ethical business practice and its impact on a company’s bottom line.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 12: International Business and Globalization
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
Chan, J., Pun, N., & Selden, M. (2013). The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s new
working class. Business Source Ultimate, 28(2), 100–115.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Berkey, B. (2021). Sweatshops, structural injustice, and the wrong of exploitation: Why multinational
corporations have positive duties to the global poor. Business Source Ultimate 169(1), 43–56.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Unit Lesson
There will be a short discussion on the history of globalization in this lesson and how it relates to business
ethics. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Finally, some of the most
pressing contemporary issues facing business ethics in the global arena today will be identified.
The beginning of globalization can be traced back to the old silk road which flourished between 130 BC until
1453 AD. It is during this time the early beginnings of globalization can be traced from East to West (Sarwar,
2017). Some may wonder why a discussion about the old silk road is important today. There are many ways
the world has changed since that time. Technological innovations and advances, increasing digitalization, and
the rate of modern globalization progressively continues to move at a faster rate.
UNIT VII STUDY GUIDE
Pressing Global Business, Issues,
and Its Ethical Implications
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=89149713&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=150472168&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The Silk Road was a series of trade routes beginning in China to Persia, to Central Asia, and finally to
Europe. The silk road was recognized as an economic corridor and a place to purchase spices and silk. The
old silk road is an appropriate place to begin this lesson since its origin lies in the ancient Chinese city of Xi’an
located in North-Central China (Britannica, 2021). Today, China has increasingly become one of the most
dominating world economic powers which is expected to overtake the U.S. as an economic powerhouse by
the year 2028 (BBC News, 2020). The prediction is China will replace the United States as the leading
economic power soon (BBC News, 2020). The world may in fact be witnessing the renaissance of the old Silk
Road.
Although the author of the textbook raises a question about the definition of globalization, this term should be
explained more thoroughly. According to Melina Kolb, assistant vice president for digital communications at
the Peterson Institute for International Economics, globalization can be thought of as the increasing
interrelationships and interdependence of peoples, cultures, and economies. The result is transnational trades
of capital investments and assets, services, goods, technologies, and information services across the world
(Kolb, 2021).
Since the beginning of the old Silk Road, countries have built interrelationships regarding trade and other
areas with each other over the course of many centuries. However, the contemporary use of the term,
globalization, came into prominence as a result of the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the eventual collapse
of the former Soviet Union (Vanham, 2019). It was about 1995 that the newly created World Trade
Organization (WTO) advocated for all nations to enter into free trade agreements, including China, which was
formerly known to be somewhat isolated, having at that time an agrarian economy, though had also just
begun engaging in manufacturing and exporting around the world (Vanham, 2019). As a result of free trade
agreements along with several additional factors, globalization has since been increasing at a dizzying speed
of pace. Today, globalization has entered both the digital economy and the cyber world as well (Vanham,
2019).
Although there are many benefits of globalization and the new ways businesses engage in commerce and
trade, there are also disadvantages associated with globalization.
First, let us examine some benefits of globalization and its relationship to commerce and business. It should
be mentioned that more generally, globalization has benefited many people around the world, putting them
essentially into the global middle class (Vanham, 2019). Yet, there are also an additional number of benefits
associated with globalization, some of which include:
• The rise of trans-border investments,
• increased cooperation amongst countries, and
• economic growth, including access to resources, jobs, and labor around the world (Stobierski, 2021).
As intended or unintended consequences, some benefits as described above also aim at the ethical well-
being of human beings. For example, think of how people in some foreign countries have benefited from
higher wages which led to a higher standard of living which may include better access to healthcare and
additional benefits.
Now that there has been some idea of the benefits of globalization, there should also be a discussion of the
disadvantages as well. One of the greatest disadvantages of increasing globalization is climate change as a
result of ever rising greenhouse gas emissions, the cutting down of forests, and the increase of pollution as a
further result of the rising populations around the world (Stobierski, 2021). Of course, just the aforementioned
could be cause for alarm regarding the moral implications of global warming, though there are also additional
disadvantages as well that should be mentioned. Some of these disadvantages include:
• Disproportionate growth within and among nations.
• An increase in competition amongst and between organizations and workers around the world
(Stobierski, 2021).
For example, think of companies that outsource employment to a foreign country as a result of workers willing
to be paid lower salaries or wages.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
One emerging area of concern falls under the domain of labor standards across the globe. This includes the
rise of sweatshops in developing countries. Arguments have been made regarding obligations of fairness as a
result of some companies offering lower pay and/or poor working conditions than the host countries that are
hiring the workers. Also, safety protocols are an issue, since there is a difference in safety standards across
different countries (Ast, 2018).
Another area of concern falls under the domain of human rights. Some companies confront the issue of
operating in countries that have been accused of human rights violations. This issue comes up frequently in
the news today. Not long ago, it has been alleged that Google agreed to the Chinese government’s request to
censor key words from its search engine such as Dalai Lama or Tiananmen Square and other related persons
and/or forces hostile to the Chinese government (Ast, 2018).
Another area of contention falls under the domain of cultural diversity. International law contains language
that states corporations should respect the values, cultures, social norms, and customs of host countries they
operate in.
One last area of concern that should be mentioned is the corruption that occurs in many places across the
world with regard to global business interactions. This occurs in many ways, levels, and formats. For
example, corruption may occur through the use of bribes ranging from a few dollars to bribe a low-level
government official to million-dollar bribes to high-ranking government officials. Part of the problem with
respect to this type of corruption is that bribery is, in some cases, not considered morally wrong in some
foreign countries. In fact, bribery may be viewed as the norm for business practices in some countries (Ast,
2018).
References
Ast, F. (2018). The moral dilemmas of global business. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/60620
Britannica. (2021, June 14). Xi'an. https://www.britannica.com/place/Xian-China
BBC News. (2020). Chinese economy to overtake the U.S. by ‘2028’ due to Covid.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55454146
Freepik. (n.d.). Hand drawn business ethics (Illustration). https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/hand-drawn-
business-
ethics_11189389.htm#query=business%20philosophy&position=12&from_view=search&track=ais
Kolb, M. (2021, August 24). What is globalization? Peterson Institute of International Economics.
https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization#Intro-AhF37Q07lb
Sarwar, L. (2017). The old silk road and the new silk road: An analysis of the changed discourse. The Journal
of Central Asian Studies, 24(1), 13-22I. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/old-silk-road-
new-analysis-changed-discourse/docview/2240072666/se-2?accountid=14375
Stobierski, T. (2021, April 1). 6 pros and cons of globalization in business to consider. Harvard Business
School Online. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/pros-and-cons-of-globalization
Vanham, P. (2019, Jan 17). A brief history of globalization. World Economic Forum.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/01/how-globalization-4-0-fits-into-the-history-of-globalization/
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
The following article discusses and re-evaluates the moral authority of global ethical norms, so they are not
merely a reflection of the prevailing hegemonic ideologies and values of Western economic power.
PHI 6301, Professional Ethics 4
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Michaelson, C. (2010). Revisiting the global business ethics question. Business Source Ultimate 20(2), 237–
251.
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
[https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site](https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsu&AN=49005034&site=ehost-live&scope=site)
– Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VII
– Required Unit Resources
– Unit Lesson
– References
– Suggested Unit Resources